The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effects of relationship-based care (RBC) on patient satisfaction. RBC is a caring model that promotes a caring and healing environment by establishing and maintaining therapeutic relationships between patient, self, and coworker. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services links Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores with reimbursement to hospitals. It is essential to not only achieve high patient satisfaction scores in order to ensure full financial reimbursement, but also to ensure high quality, patient-centered care. The current project assessed samples from 2 medical surgical groups, one system-wide and the other only patients from a single inpatient unit with sample sizes approximately 2,900 and 250 respectively. Data were collected retrospectively 3 times using the Press Ganey webpage at pre implementation, 6 months, and 12 months post RBC training. Results from an ANOVA indicated only a slight increase in post intervention HCAHPS scores with no statistical significant improvement. However, this increase indicates a positive trend, suggesting that the implementation of RBC may have assisted in improving patient responses. This evaluation has implications for the continued implementation for the enhancement of patient-centered care. These findings suggest that a nursing care model provides a collective belief to define a specific attitude to deliver care, facilitate professional development, and improve outcomes. By following RBC, nurses share a similar philosophy toward a caring environment.

When patients and families come to the emergency department seeking medical attention, they come in with many mixed emotions and thoughts. The fast paced, rapid turnover of patients and the chaotic atmosphere may leave patients who visit the emergency department with the perception that staff is uncaring. The purpose of this project was to implement a patient care delivery model, relationship-based care, in the emergency department. The model is comprised of several caring theories including Jean Watson's model of human care and Kristen Swanson's middle range theory of caring. The main goals of the project were to help staff enhance the patient and caregiver interaction, strengthen co-worker relationships, and gain appreciation of the importance of self-care. The intervention was an educational workshop about the relationship-based care model. Eight participants were consented, given a preassessment survey, educated about the model, and then given a postassessment survey. Prior to education, 83% of participants believed strongly that patients and families need to feel cared for during an emergency department visit; this increased to 100% posteducation. Perception about the importance of coworkers' relationships being trusting went from 38% to 50% and the importance of caring for one's self increased from 63% to 100%. It was recommended that the model be implemented in all emergency departments and all staff educated in its use as a way to promote social change through intentional focus on caring in every patient interaction.

<p>The seemingly contradictory need and want of online users for information sharing and privacy has inspired this thesis work. The crux of the problem lies in the fact that a user has inadequate control over the flow (with whom information to be shared), boundary (acceptable usage), and persistence (duration of use) of their personal information. This thesis has built a privacy-preserving information sharing model using context, identity, and trust to manage the flow, boundary, and persistence of disclosed information.</p> <p>In this vein, privacy is viewed as context-dependent selective disclosures of information. This thesis presents the design, implementation, and analysis of a five-layer Identity and Trust based Model for Privacy (ITMP). Context, trust, and identity are the main building blocks of this model. The application layer identifies the counterparts, the purpose of communication, and the information being sought. The context layer determines the context of a communication episode through identifying the role of a partner and assessing the relationship with the partner. The trust layer combines partner and purpose information with the respective context information to determine the trustworthiness of a purpose and a partner. Given that the purpose and the partner have a known level of trustworthiness, the identity layer constructs a contextual partial identity from the user's complete identity. The presentation layer facilitates in disclosing a set of information that is a subset of the respective partial identity. It also attaches expiration (time-to-live) and usage (purpose-to-live) tags into each piece of information before disclosure.</p> <p>In this model, roles and relationships are used to adequately capture the notion of context to address privacy. A role is a set of activities assigned to an actor or expected of an actor to perform. For example, an actor in a learner role is expected to be involved in various learning activities, such as attending lectures, participating in a course discussion, appearing in exams, etc. A relationship involves related entities performing activities involving one another. Interactions between actors can be heavily influenced by roles. For example, in a learning-teaching relationship, both the learner and the teacher are expected to perform their respective roles. The nuances of activities warranted by each role are dictated by individual relationships. For example, two learners seeking help from an instructor are going to present themselves differently.</p> <p>In this model, trust is realized in two forms: trust in partners and trust of purposes. The first form of trust assesses the trustworthiness of a partner in a given context. For example, a stranger may be considered untrustworthy to be given a home phone number. The second form of trust determines the relevance or justification of a purpose for seeking data in a given context. For example, seeking/providing a social insurance number for the purpose of a membership in a student organization is inappropriate. A known and tested trustee can understandably be re-trusted or re-evaluated based on the personal experience of a trustor. In online settings, however, a software manifestation of a trusted persistent public actor, namely a guarantor, is required to help find a trustee, because we interact with a myriad of actors in a large number of contexts, often with no prior relationships.</p> <p>The ITMP model is instantiated as a suite of Role- and Relationship-based Identity and Reputation Management (RRIRM) features in iHelp, an e-learning environment in use at the University of Saskatchewan. This thesis presents the results of a two-phase (pilot and larger-scale) user study that illustrates the effectiveness of the RRIRM features and thus the ITMP model in enhancing privacy through identity and trust management in the iHelp Discussion Forum. This research contributes to the understanding of privacy problems along with other competing interests in the online world, as well as to the development of privacy-enhanced communications through understanding context, negotiating identity, and using trust.</p>

<p>The seemingly contradictory need and want of online users for information sharing and privacy has inspired this thesis work. The crux of the problem lies in the fact that a user has inadequate control over the flow (with whom information to be shared), boundary (acceptable usage), and persistence (duration of use) of their personal information. This thesis has built a privacy-preserving information sharing model using context, identity, and trust to manage the flow, boundary, and persistence of disclosed information.</p> <p>In this vein, privacy is viewed as context-dependent selective disclosures of information. This thesis presents the design, implementation, and analysis of a five-layer Identity and Trust based Model for Privacy (ITMP). Context, trust, and identity are the main building blocks of this model. The application layer identifies the counterparts, the purpose of communication, and the information being sought. The context layer determines the context of a communication episode through identifying the role of a partner and assessing the relationship with the partner. The trust layer combines partner and purpose information with the respective context information to determine the trustworthiness of a purpose and a partner. Given that the purpose and the partner have a known level of trustworthiness, the identity layer constructs a contextual partial identity from the user's complete identity. The presentation layer facilitates in disclosing a set of information that is a subset of the respective partial identity. It also attaches expiration (time-to-live) and usage (purpose-to-live) tags into each piece of information before disclosure.</p> <p>In this model, roles and relationships are used to adequately capture the notion of context to address privacy. A role is a set of activities assigned to an actor or expected of an actor to perform. For example, an actor in a learner role is expected to be involved in various learning activities, such as attending lectures, participating in a course discussion, appearing in exams, etc. A relationship involves related entities performing activities involving one another. Interactions between actors can be heavily influenced by roles. For example, in a learning-teaching relationship, both the learner and the teacher are expected to perform their respective roles. The nuances of activities warranted by each role are dictated by individual relationships. For example, two learners seeking help from an instructor are going to present themselves differently.</p> <p>In this model, trust is realized in two forms: trust in partners and trust of purposes. The first form of trust assesses the trustworthiness of a partner in a given context. For example, a stranger may be considered untrustworthy to be given a home phone number. The second form of trust determines the relevance or justification of a purpose for seeking data in a given context. For example, seeking/providing a social insurance number for the purpose of a membership in a student organization is inappropriate. A known and tested trustee can understandably be re-trusted or re-evaluated based on the personal experience of a trustor. In online settings, however, a software manifestation of a trusted persistent public actor, namely a guarantor, is required to help find a trustee, because we interact with a myriad of actors in a large number of contexts, often with no prior relationships.</p> <p>The ITMP model is instantiated as a suite of Role- and Relationship-based Identity and Reputation Management (RRIRM) features in iHelp, an e-learning environment in use at the University of Saskatchewan. This thesis presents the results of a two-phase (pilot and larger-scale) user study that illustrates the effectiveness of the RRIRM features and thus the ITMP model in enhancing privacy through identity and trust management in the iHelp Discussion Forum. This research contributes to the understanding of privacy problems along with other competing interests in the online world, as well as to the development of privacy-enhanced communications through understanding context, negotiating identity, and using trust.</p>

abstract: What are possibilities for transforming the structural relationship between Indigenous peoples and settlers? Research conversations among a set of project partners (Indigenous and settler pairs)—who reside in the Phoenix metro area, Arizona or on O’ahu, Hawai’i—addressed what good relationships look like and how to move the structural relationship towards those characteristics. Participants agreed that developing shared understandings is foundational to transforming the structural relationship between Indigenous peoples and settlers; that Indigenous values systems should guide a process of transforming relationships; and that settlers must consider their position in relation to Indigenous peoples because position informs responsibility. The proposed framework for settler responsibility is based on the research design and findings, and addresses structural and individual level transformation. The framework suggests that structural-level settler responsibility entails helping to transform the structural relationship and that the settler role involves a settler transformation process parallel to Indigenous resurgence. On an individual level, personal relationships determine appropriate responsibilities, and the framework includes a suggested process between Indigenous persons and settlers for uncovering what these responsibilities are. The study included a trial of the suggested process, which includes four methods: (1) developing shared understandings of terms/concepts through discussion, (2) gathering stories about who participants are in relationship to each other, (3) examining existing daily practices that gesture to a different structural relationship, and (4) using creative processes to imagine structural relationships in a shared world beyond settler colonialism. These methods explore what possibilities unfold when settlers center their relationship with Indigenous peoples. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Social and Cultural Pedagogy 2020

Revisionsbranschen präglas idag av en hög personalomsättning som leder till stora kostnader för företagen. Studier har visat att många nyanställda väljer att lämna branschen efter tre år på grund av orimliga krav på övertid, obefintlig balans mellan arbete och fritid samt en låg ingångslön. Idag kännetecknas revisionsbranschen av en tydlig hierarki som kan liknas vid ett amerikanskt och därmed ett uppgiftsbaserat ledarskap. Uppgiftsbaserat ledarskap innebär mindre fokus på deltagande och engagemang, till skillnad från skandinaviskt- och relationsbaserat ledarskap, där beslut tas gemensamt med en horisontell organisationsstruktur. Den yngre generationen efterfrågar flexibilitet, balans mellan arbete och fritid samt god företagskultur. Idag präglas revisionsbranschen av ett amerikansk- och uppgiftsbaserat ledarskap, medan den yngre generationen efterfrågar ett mer skandinaviskt- och relationsbaserat ledarskap. Därmed utgör studiens syfte att undersöka om företag inom revisionsbranschen anpassar sitt ledarskap till kommande generationer samt att ta reda på hur ledarskapet förändrats de senaste 10 åren. En kvalitativ studie har genomförts hos tre av fyra företag inom Big Four, där intervjuerna har haft ett medarbetarperspektiv såväl som ett ledarperspektiv för att få en djupare förståelse. Studiens resultat visar att revisionsbranschen utvecklats mot ett mer skandinaviskt- och relationsbaserat ledarskap där intervjupersonerna anger att det förr var mycket större prestationsfokus som kan likställas med ett amerikanskt- och uppgiftsbaserat ledarskap. Studien visar att dagens ledarskap har ett större fokus på relationer och delaktighet vilket tyder på att samtliga byråer har utvecklats mot ett mer relationsbaserat ledarskap. Medverkande företag använder strategier för att anpassa ledarskapet till den yngre generationen som exempelvis flexibla arbetstider, skapa förutsättningar för att balansera arbete och fritid, eliminera enklare arbetsuppgifter samt erbjuda sociala aktiviteter. / The auditing industry is characterized by high staff turnover, which leads to massivecostsfor the companies. Previous studies show that many choose to leave the industry after threeyears because of the high pressure of overtime, the lack of balance between work and leisure and low entrance salary. The auditing industry has a clear hierarchy that can be equatedwith an American and task-oriented leadership. Task-oriented leadership includeless participation and commitment than the Scandinavian relationship-based leadership,where decisions are taken in common and is characterized by a horizontal organizational structure. Theyounger generations now demandflexibility, balance between work and leisure and an open working climate. The auditing industry is characterized by an American task-oriented style while the youngergenerationsis demanding a leadership more similar to the Scandinavian relationship-oriented leadership. The purpose of this study wasto investigate whether companies in the auditing industry adapt their leadership to the future generationsand to examinehow the leadership has changed over the past 10 years. A qualitative study has been conducted in three out of four companies within the Big Four. Interviews have been conductedwithan employee perspective as well as a leadership perspective in order to gainadeeper understanding. The result of the study shows that the auditing industry hasdeveloped towards a more relationship-based leadership style and all interviewees stated that the industry previously was more focused on results which can be equated with a task-based and an American leadership style. Today’s leadership focuses on participation and joint decision-making. Leadership in all studied agencieshas evolvedtowards a mote relationship-based leadership from a task-based leadership. Strategies for adapting leadership towards the youngergenerationsinvolve for example,offering flexible working hours, creating conditions for balancing work and spare time, eliminating simple working tasks to be able to offer more complicated working tasks and social activities.

Nurse engagement is essential for organizational success. If organizations can engage nurses, they may be able to improve organization and patient outcomes. The purpose of the evidence-based practice project was to use current evidence of direct supervisor influence on nurse engagement to create an educational program for clinical leads to use in their interactions with direct reports. The relationship-based care model was used as a framework for the project, and concepts included work engagement, nurse engagement, recognition versus meaningful recognition, professional development, communication, transformational leadership, and authentic leadership. Before and after attending the education program, clinical leads were given a self-assessment on a 5-point Likert scale to assess their perception of their leadership skills. The data were analyzed using SPSS descriptive statistics to describe differences in pre and post education self-assessments. All of the questions had increased means following the education program. The most improvement was in the following areas: coordinating relationships among staff improved by50% and accepting and using constructive criticism improved by 50%. Clinical leads recognized that having the knowledge and tools would give them the ability to impact nurse engagement. Researchers should continue to study the leader's influence on nurse engagement in relationship to other environmental factors that influence nurse engagement; as well as, how to better prepare leaders to engage nurses in his/her professional roles.

Building a good relationship in social work is the most central part of the work. For a new practitioner it’s clearly an important thing, but it seems harder than it looks. This study examines the experiences of newly examined social workers in relationships with clients in Sweden and internationally. The aim of this study is to find out their experiences and how they feel when they in practice try to build a relationship with a client. It’s also an interest to find out if they feel that their education has prepared them well for the challenge and also their opinion about the content of their education. Systematic review was conducted for this paper and the result clearly showed that newly examined social workers felt unprepared and insecure for the many challenges for building a relationship with a client. Their opinions about the educational content was a wish for more practical exercises and more knowledge about communication skills, because it was clearly that they were lacking practical skills. The result also showed the newly examined social workers appreciation when they actually did have practical education. The practical exercises made them feel more confident and secure. This is a global matter regarding social work that needs to be further investigated in order to increase the quality for both newly examined social workers and clients.

A qualitative study on school counsellors´ perspectives on relationship-based social work in a school context. The purpose of the study is to provide insight into the school counsellors thoughts about relationship-based social work with children and youths. Furthermore, the purpose is to shed light on the social workers thoughts on the power relationship between children and adults and its importance for their social work in a school context. The study is based on four school counsellors, and their perspective on their practical work with children and youths was used to answer the purpose of this study. The results of the study show how the school counsellors are suggesting that relationships are a fundamental component of a functioning social work. The results also show that the school counsellors try to compensate for the inequalities that exist between children and adults. The school counsellors have several strategies to empower the children and youths they meet. The results also show how the school counsellors experience their work as very complex as they see school as a compulsory, normative and non-democratic organisation which they dissociate themselves from.

Mental illness among parents may lead to negative consequences for the unborn child and its future. Pregnant women who experience mental illness are not typically one of Sweden's social service's focus groups, although voluntary preventive social work is an exception. The aim of this qualitative interview study was to investigate social workers' experiences of working with this preventive approach toward this specific group of women. The objectives in the study were what obstructive and facilitating factors social workers encounter, how their work with clients enable a social worker-client relationship, and lastly what results this preventive social work may have. Obstructive and facilitating circumstances were found on both an organizational and an interpersonal level. Social workers' possibilities of using their wide room for action were shown to be of importance to create and build a relationship with the pregnant woman. It was also discovered that preventive social work may lead to a number of positive consequences for both the mother-to-be and the coming child. Attachment between the two and the woman's belief in herself as a competent parent may develop, and the abilty to reach out and ask for help if there is a need in the future was thought to increase. Based on this study, it is possible to distinguish a number of conclusions: the first one being preventive social work results in beneficial consequences for both woman and child. Secondly, social workers' wide framework allows them to build a relationship with the pregnant woman, and this relationship based practice is crucial for preventive social work to take place.