Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur lärare tolkar informationen i läroplanen angå- ende begreppet livsåskådning, samt hur de planerar och genomför undervisning kring begreppet. Begreppet livsåskådning beskrivs som grundupplevelser om människans världsbild. Människor kan ha olika upplevelser i religiös och icke-religiös mening. Människors syn på tillvaron och världen, kan utgöra en livsåskådning. Begreppet livs- åskådning inkluderar många frågeställningar kring varför vi finns, hur människan är, vad samhället står för, och tron på högre makter. Från forskning från 70-talet visar in- ternationell forskning att det inte finns någon motsvarighet till begreppet, dock används ordet ”worldview”. Lpo94 beskriver hur skolan aktivt ska främja alla människors lika värde. I Lgr11 beskrivs hur människans sätt att se på livet har förändrats och utvecklats ständigt. Religion och livsåskådning är centrala begrepp inom religionskunskap då de är viktiga för den mänskliga kulturen. I dagens samhälle lever vi i mångfald och ökad kunskap ger oss förståelse för varandra. Skolan ska genom religionsundervisning upp- märksamma hur människor inom religiösa traditioner lever och hur människor uttrycker sin tro och sin religion på olika sätt. Lgr11 beskriver hur eleverna ska få möjlighet att utveckla och reflektera över sina egna livsfrågor, identitet och förhållningssätt. I undervisningen diskuteras vad som kan påverka elevernas förståelse för religion och livsåskådning. Det finns negativa aspekter med att läraren bestämmer vad undervis- ningen handlar om då läraren själv har en åskådning och en tolkning som läraren anser vara viktig. Detta skulle kunna leda till att eleverna själva inte får utrymme att utveckla sin livsåskådning. För att göra en koppling mellan livsåskådning och didaktik beskrivs hur eleverna ska få utrymme att skapa ett eget val gällande olika livsåskådningar. Undervisningen i religion ska ge eleverna kunskap om olika åskådningar. Eleverna får framförallt kunskap kring världsreligionerna och en snabb genomgång gällande livså- skådningar. Alla människor har en livsåskådning och undervisningen ska ge eleverna möjlighet oavsett om de är religiösa eller inte. Icke-religiösa livsåskådningar utgör en del av religionsämnet även olika former av riter och kulturer ingår. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ design, vilket innebär målsättningen att skaffa en djupare förståelse. Denna undersökning baseras på intervjuer med tre lärare för grundskolan, 4-6, som undervisar i religionskunskap. Informanterna arbetar på en skola i Mellansverige. Intervjuerna genomförs som semistrukturerade, ljudinspelade intervjuer, med öppna följdfrågor. Efter intervjun transkriberades materialet omgående av författaren. Texten lästes ett flertal gånger i sin helhet, för att finna likheter och skillnader i lärarnas beskriv- ning av begreppet livsåskådning. Resultatet delas in i kategorier som sammanbinder in- tervjufrågorna och dess svar. Fyra kategorier framkom: Begreppet livsåskådning, Lärar- nas beskrivning av begreppet livsåskådning i läroplanerna och Lärarnas tolkning av läro- planen, samt planering och genomförande av sin undervisning gällande livsåskådning. Inom kategorin Lärares tolkning av läroplanen, samt planering och genomförande av sin undervisning gällande livsåskådning är indelad i fem underkategorier enligt: Tolkning, Planering, Genomförandet, Lärarnas beskrivning av eleverna och Lärarlaget. Resultatet visade att informanterna inte hade kännedom om begreppet livsåskådning och inte heller hade tid att undervisa om begreppet inom religionsämnet. Studien visade också att lärarna ansåg det svårt att diskutera med elever gällande deras livsåskådning då det uppfattas som känsligt. / The purpose of the study was to describe how teachers interpret information in curriculum about the term worldview, and how they plan and perform education. The term worldview describes as a ground experience about humans’ worldviews. Humans can have different experiences in religious and non-religious meaning. Humans view on existence and the world, could be from a worldview. The term worldview includes many questions about why we exist, how humans are, what society stands for and the belief in “higher power”. International research from the 70th showed that there is not an equivalent term for the word “livsåskådning” (worldview). In the curriculum Lpo94, describes how education active can promote humans equal value. In the curriculum Lgr11 describes how humans view on life had changed and still is. Religion and worldview is central terms in education of religion, because they are important for the human culture. In society of today we live in diversity and with increased knowledge we understand each other better. In education in religion will pay attention to how human in religious traditions lives and express their beliefs in different ways. In curriculum Lgr11 describes how the pupils should have abil- ity to develop and reflect over their questions of life, identity and approach. In education are discussions about what may affect pupils understanding to religion and their worldview. There is negative aspects with teachers decisions about content in edu- cation when teachers themselves have an own worldview and interpretation that they think are important. This could lead to that the pupils not have ability to develop their own worldview. The connection between worldview and didactics shows how pupils should be given space to create their own choice between different worldviews. Education in religion should provide pupils knowledge about different worldviews. The pupils are often given knowledge about world religions and a fast review about worldviews. Non-religious worldviews constitute a part of the subject of religion in different forms of rituals and culture. The study is built on a qualitative design, which means to develop deeper understanding of the subject. This study is based on interviews with three teachers in elementary school, 4-6, who teaches religion. The interviews was performed with semi- structured, audio recording interviews with opened supplementary. After the interviews the material was transcribed directly by the author. The text was read several times to find similarities and differences in the teacher’s description of the term worldview. The result are divided in categories that connect the interview questions. Four categories showed: The term worldview, Teachers description of the term worldview in the curriculum and Teachers interpretation of the curriculum and also planning and implementing of their education current worldview. In the category teacher’s interpretation of the curriculum and also planning and implementing of their education current worldview are divided into five subcategories: interpretation, implementing and teacher’s description of the pupils and teachers team. The result showed that informants did not have awareness about the term worldview and did not have time to educate about the term in the subject religion. The study also showed that the teachers thought it were difficult to discuss the term with the pupils their worldview though it could perceive as sensitivity.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur lärare tolkar informationen i läroplanen angå- ende begreppet livsåskådning, samt hur de planerar och genomför undervisning kring begreppet. Begreppet livsåskådning beskrivs som grundupplevelser om människans världsbild. Människor kan ha olika upplevelser i religiös och icke-religiös mening. Människors syn på tillvaron och världen, kan utgöra en livsåskådning. Begreppet livs- åskådning inkluderar många frågeställningar kring varför vi finns, hur människan är, vad samhället står för, och tron på högre makter. Från forskning från 70-talet visar in- ternationell forskning att det inte finns någon motsvarighet till begreppet, dock används ordet ”worldview”. Lpo94 beskriver hur skolan aktivt ska främja alla människors lika värde. I Lgr11 beskrivs hur människans sätt att se på livet har förändrats och utvecklats ständigt. Religion och livsåskådning är centrala begrepp inom religionskunskap då de är viktiga för den mänskliga kulturen. I dagens samhälle lever vi i mångfald och ökad kunskap ger oss förståelse för varandra. Skolan ska genom religionsundervisning upp- märksamma hur människor inom religiösa traditioner lever och hur människor uttrycker sin tro och sin religion på olika sätt. Lgr11 beskriver hur eleverna ska få möjlighet att utveckla och reflektera över sina egna livsfrågor, identitet och förhållningssätt. I undervisningen diskuteras vad som kan påverka elevernas förståelse för religion och livsåskådning. Det finns negativa aspekter med att läraren bestämmer vad undervis- ningen handlar om då läraren själv har en åskådning och en tolkning som läraren anser vara viktig. Detta skulle kunna leda till att eleverna själva inte får utrymme att utveckla sin livsåskådning. För att göra en koppling mellan livsåskådning och didaktik beskrivs hur eleverna ska få utrymme att skapa ett eget val gällande olika livsåskådningar. Undervisningen i religion ska ge eleverna kunskap om olika åskådningar. Eleverna får framförallt kunskap kring världsreligionerna och en snabb genomgång gällande livså- skådningar. Alla människor har en livsåskådning och undervisningen ska ge eleverna möjlighet oavsett om de är religiösa eller inte. Icke-religiösa livsåskådningar utgör en del av religionsämnet även olika former av riter och kulturer ingår. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ design, vilket innebär målsättningen att skaffa en djupare förståelse. Denna undersökning baseras på intervjuer med tre lärare för grundskolan, 4-6, som undervisar i religionskunskap. Informanterna arbetar på en skola i Mellansverige. Intervjuerna genomförs som semistrukturerade, ljudinspelade intervjuer, med öppna följdfrågor. Efter intervjun transkriberades materialet omgående av författaren. Texten lästes ett flertal gånger i sin helhet, för att finna likheter och skillnader i lärarnas beskriv- ning av begreppet livsåskådning. Resultatet delas in i kategorier som sammanbinder in- tervjufrågorna och dess svar. Fyra kategorier framkom: Begreppet livsåskådning, Lärar- nas beskrivning av begreppet livsåskådning i läroplanerna och Lärarnas tolkning av läro- planen, samt planering och genomförande av sin undervisning gällande livsåskådning. Inom kategorin Lärares tolkning av läroplanen, samt planering och genomförande av sin undervisning gällande livsåskådning är indelad i fem underkategorier enligt: Tolkning, Planering, Genomförandet, Lärarnas beskrivning av eleverna och Lärarlaget. Resultatet visade att informanterna inte hade kännedom om begreppet livsåskådning och inte heller hade tid att undervisa om begreppet inom religionsämnet. Studien visade också att lärarna ansåg det svårt att diskutera med elever gällande deras livsåskådning då det uppfattas som känsligt. / The purpose of the study was to describe how teachers interpret information in curriculum about the term worldview, and how they plan and perform education. The term worldview describes as a ground experience about humans’ worldviews. Humans can have different experiences in religious and non-religious meaning. Humans view on existence and the world, could be from a worldview. The term worldview includes many questions about why we exist, how humans are, what society stands for and the belief in “higher power”. International research from the 70th showed that there is not an equivalent term for the word “livsåskådning” (worldview). In the curriculum Lpo94, describes how education active can promote humans equal value. In the curriculum Lgr11 describes how humans view on life had changed and still is. Religion and worldview is central terms in education of religion, because they are important for the human culture. In society of today we live in diversity and with increased knowledge we understand each other better. In education in religion will pay attention to how human in religious traditions lives and express their beliefs in different ways. In curriculum Lgr11 describes how the pupils should have abil- ity to develop and reflect over their questions of life, identity and approach. In education are discussions about what may affect pupils understanding to religion and their worldview. There is negative aspects with teachers decisions about content in edu- cation when teachers themselves have an own worldview and interpretation that they think are important. This could lead to that the pupils not have ability to develop their own worldview. The connection between worldview and didactics shows how pupils should be given space to create their own choice between different worldviews. Education in religion should provide pupils knowledge about different worldviews. The pupils are often given knowledge about world religions and a fast review about worldviews. Non-religious worldviews constitute a part of the subject of religion in different forms of rituals and culture. The study is built on a qualitative design, which means to develop deeper understanding of the subject. This study is based on interviews with three teachers in elementary school, 4-6, who teaches religion. The interviews was performed with semi- structured, audio recording interviews with opened supplementary. After the interviews the material was transcribed directly by the author. The text was read several times to find similarities and differences in the teacher’s description of the term worldview. The result are divided in categories that connect the interview questions. Four categories showed: The term worldview, Teachers description of the term worldview in the curriculum and Teachers interpretation of the curriculum and also planning and implementing of their education current worldview. In the category teacher’s interpretation of the curriculum and also planning and implementing of their education current worldview are divided into five subcategories: interpretation, implementing and teacher’s description of the pupils and teachers team. The result showed that informants did not have awareness about the term worldview and did not have time to educate about the term in the subject religion. The study also showed that the teachers thought it were difficult to discuss the term with the pupils their worldview though it could perceive as sensitivity.

This work maps the evolution and changes of The Czechoslovak Hussite Church Catechesis from 1920 to 1980. The selected time frame starts with foundations of The Czechoslovak Hussite Church and ends with analysis of the academic life of Rudolf Horsky, the main thought leader of this field. Taking catechism as a theological field, this work focuses mainly on principal and materialistic catechism within specific historical thought streams. In this work, I aim to discover significant points in history that influenced the catechism of CČSH and the thought leaders of this field. In particular, I examine the form, content and purpose of catechisms. Catechisms normally include religious education of a particular Church, thus it is understandable to consider catechisms to be the materialistic basis of catechesis. I study the pedagogical and religious education purpose of catechisms of CČSH based on the content relevant for baptism, confirmation, and influence of cultural-hisotrical context to its content and usage.

The problem of this study was to analyze the teaching of religion in the state universities of Texas. The purposes of the study were (1) to describe instructors of religion, (2) to describe programs of chairs of religion, and (3) to examine the points of view of administrators who regulate Bible Chairs. The findings of the study are presented in five chapters. Chapter I is an introduction delineating the procedure taken in the study. Chapter II is an historical review of the literature and supplemental data. Chapter III outlines the process of data collection. Chapter IV contains a presentation of findings from university catalogs, instructors' information sheets, and data from questionnaires.

Many consider Sweden as one of the most secularised countries in the world. While the country is rapidly growing more religiously and culturally diverse there still remains a Lutheran touch in the school curriculum. Skolverket depicts itself as being nondenominational and objective, but many have argued against this statement. The educational system’s roots of both being organised and run using Christian religious materials clearly presents the complex situation that can be recognized even today.  Researchers and students alike agree that there is an issue regarding the representation of all cultural and religious groups in the Swedish educational system. The students in the work of Carina Holmqvist Lidh testify of the lack of representation or frequent misrepresentation in their formal education. Many feel the religion they meet in schools cannot be recognized as their own. This is a problem both in the condensed teaching materials which are used and the very limited lesson time a teacher has at hand. An active didactical choice, deeming what’s important knowledge or not, falls in the lap of educators and the consequences that I want to present in this essay is that many religious orientations risk going unnoticed.  That’s why in this essay my goal is to create a discussion about the ways the Lutheran Christian faith has historically, and continues to affect religion education, all while deeming itself as non-confessional and neutral. Furthermore, owing to fellow students’ essays and professors' analysis of textbooks depiction of non-Lutheran religious groups I hope to present the problem with this Lutheran-touch, which leaves many students from other religious orientations feeling their faith is misrepresented or left out in traditional teaching.

Secularist views are a challenge to the field of religious education. Their worldview and influence in society will be discussed. This study evaluates the theocratic model under the apartheid regime, the co–operative model and the religion policy under the new democratic government. The areas that the researcher investigated in this study are centred on the effectiveness of the mission calling of the School of Tomorrow, Accelerated Christian Education. In order to achieve this outcome, the history of ACE Schools in America and South Africa will be discussed, as well as the role of the school, the parent and the teacher in missio Dei. An analysis and evaluation will be done on Christian educators such as Martin Luther, John Calvin and John Knox, as well as educational deform under Hitler. A study will be done on how Biblical doctrine was formed in children’s lives in the Old and New Testament. / Thesis (M.A. (Missiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Secularist views are a challenge to the field of religious education. Their worldview and influence in society will be discussed. This study evaluates the theocratic model under the apartheid regime, the co–operative model and the religion policy under the new democratic government. The areas that the researcher investigated in this study are centred on the effectiveness of the mission calling of the School of Tomorrow, Accelerated Christian Education. In order to achieve this outcome, the history of ACE Schools in America and South Africa will be discussed, as well as the role of the school, the parent and the teacher in missio Dei. An analysis and evaluation will be done on Christian educators such as Martin Luther, John Calvin and John Knox, as well as educational deform under Hitler. A study will be done on how Biblical doctrine was formed in children’s lives in the Old and New Testament. / Thesis (M.A. (Missiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

In the first chapter there is a description of the family educational and socializational environment, the most important and the most principal factor in forming of the preconditions for good progress of a child. The child experiences the feeling of pleasure, safeness and love here, also the rituals, it obtains the trust and creates itself. The second chapter is all about school with the subjects. The child meets, as a pupil, the religion in the interdisciplinar relations there. The third chapter engages in optional Religious Studies in religion education and it inspects the contents of education with the position of both believing people as well as secular subject of education. The last chapter brings the survey with the perspective to the pupils and their motivations, which take the children from the secular families to Religious Studies.

O tema abordado nesta dissertação refere-se às relações de confiança, troca e afetividade estabelecidas no espaço educativo da sala de aula entre o(a) professor(a) de Ensino Religioso e os(as) alunos(as) de 4 e 5 série do Ensino Fundamental, de uma instituição confessional metodista, em Porto Alegre, e todos os aspectos a ele relacionados para que tenhamos um trabalho de qualidade, bem como para um crescimento consciente e reflexivo de todos(as) os(as) envolvidos(as) neste processo. Sendo assim, para que estes aspectos sejam abordados, a dissertação de Mestrado está distribuída em três capítulos, sendo o primeiro capítulo voltado para o Ensino Religioso enquanto fenômeno religioso e toda a documentação pertinente ao seu trabalho, o segundo capítulo voltado para as questões referentes à criança e ao(à) adolescente que se encontram na faixa etária de 4 e 5 série do Ensino Fundamental, relacionando os aspectos biopsicossociais, cognitivos e religiosos, e o terceiro capítulo sobre a formação docente e a apresentação dos resultados da pesquisa de campo. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa participante, onde foram realizadas três observações com uma turma de 4 série do turno da manhã, três observações com uma 4 série do turno da tarde, três observações com uma 5 série do turno da manhã e três observações com uma 5 série do turno da tarde. Cabe destacar que as professoras trabalham em turnos distintos. Após as observações foram elaborados dois questionários, um destinado às professoras, com questões semi-dirigidas, que tiveram a oportunidade de discuti-lo com a pesquisadora, e outro destinado aos(às) alunos(as), com questões objetivas. Os(As) alunos(as) responderam ao questionário, após autorização dos(as) responsáveis através de um Termo de Consentimento. Os resultados da pesquisa foram analisados pela pesquisadora e representados através de gráficos. / This paper aims at analyzing the exchange of loyalty, affection and confidence between the Religion Education teacher and 4th and 5th graders (Elementary School) in the classroom of a Methodist school in Porto Alegre as all the aspects related to such interaction, having as a goal conscious and reflective growth of all those taking part in the process. Thus, in order to cover these aspects, this paper is organized in three chapters. The first one is about the teaching of Religion as a religious phenomenon and all the documents which refer to it. The second chapter draws on issues related to children and adolescents who are in the 4th and 5th grades connecting biopsychosocial, cognitive and religious aspects. The third chapter studies teachers educational background and presents the results of the research. The methodology applied is the participative research. Three observations were made in a 4th grade morning group and three in an afternoon group, three observations were made in a 5th grade morning group and another three in an afternoon group. It is important to mention that the teachers work in different shifts. After the observations period, two questionnaires with semi-open questions were prepared and addressed to the teachers who were able to discuss the questions with the researcher. Another questionnaire with objective questions was prepared and addressed to the students who could only answer it under parents consent. Results were analyzed by the researcher and represented through the use of graphics.

It has been the desire of the ANC government ever since it came to power in 1994 to develop a unity of purpose and spirit that cherishes and celebrates the diverse nature of the South African population in terms of culture, language and religion and to transform existing inequalities that are deep-rooted in South African educational history and religion in particular. In order to satisfy this desire, a whole plethora of legislation and policies was developed. Amongst the developments entailed in these laws and policies were religious rights and freedoms guaranteed to all South Africans as well as the establishment of democratic structures vested with powers to govern schools while school principals manage them. In terms of education legislation, one of the functions of the governing body of a school is to develop and adopt a school policy on religion (as per the study) which is accordingly implemented by the school principal. It is in the policy implementation stage that the school principal is expected to play a mediating role and resolve possible conflicts erupting due to different religious interestThis study is based on the assumption that the management and leadership training they received and the position they hold as school managers and leaders, enabled participating school principals to mediate the implementation of new religion policies. The research question driving this study was “How do school principals deal with implementation of the National Policy on Religion and Education in schools?” Informed by this question the focus of the study was to explore “how principals describe and experience their mediating role in implementing the religion policy within an existing religious context in schools”. Following a qualitative research approach a phenomenological research design was employed in order to understand and describe the meaning of the lived, felt and narrated experiences of school principals. Data were collected by means of narrative interviews where twelve school principals pursuing postgraduate studies with the University of Pretoria and who have been in education for at least ten years, told their religion in education stories. These stories were subsequently transcribed, analysed and interpreted to determine the impact of principals’ past religious experiences and their management training on their implementation of religion policies at their schools. This study found that in dealing with the National Policy on Religion and Policy (2003) implementation in schools, participating principals ignore the policy in preference of maintaining the status quo. When faced with conflicts related to religious interests, they partially sub-contracted into the policy. They did not seem to consider transformative mediation as a possible leadership strategy for conflict resolution in the existing religious context of schools. The study also found that amongst these principals, there were those who displayed a confident attitude, values of openness, generosity and integrity and had used their past religious experiences to transform the quality of conflict interaction in schools. My recommendation in this regard would therefore be threefold. One, Higher Education Institutions should provide appropriate training by introducing suitable courses that will yield adequate knowledge, skills and opportunities for professional attitude, value attainment and determination for continuous learning and development to principals as key change agents. Two, there is a need for these organizations to re-evaluate and re-organise existing courses for better recognition of transformative mediation as a leadership strategy to conflict resolution in schools. The provincial departments of education need to provide appropriate training for prospective principals as part of professional development programmes to address the essential needs pertaining to policy implementation that could create conflict in schools. Training in mediation of conflict would therefore be essential. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2013 / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted