Uppsatsen undersöker ursprungssyftet bakom sabbatsbudet samt utvecklingen i dess tillämpning. Fem bibeltexter har valts ut ur ett religionshistoriskt perspektiv från olika perioder av den Hebreiska Bibelns tillkomsthistoria. Särskilt studeras den yttre påverkan det omgivande samhället bidragit med. Bibeltexterna som analyseras är: Exodus 20:8-11, Genesis 2:2-3, Jesaja 58:13-14, 1 Mackabeerboken 2:41 samt Psalm 92 ur Psaltaren. Sabbatsbudet ursprung är oklart. Det framstår unikt för judarnas identitet som folk. Syftet har alltid varit att främja liv. Under exiltiden blev detta viktigare. Behovet av att vila, tillbe och fröjdas i kontrast till livets slit är dess utvecklade essens. Yttre hot mot judendomens existens har stundtals lett till fanatism. Till och med martyrdöd. Varpå tillämpningen lättats upp något. / This paper explores the original purpose of the sabbatical commandment as well as the development of its practical application. Five passages from the Bible have been selected from a religious historical perspective from different periods of the Hebrew Bible creation. Particular attention will be given to the external influence of the surrounding community. The Bible passages to be analyzed are: Exodus 20:8-11, Genesis 2:2-3, Isaiah 58:13-14, 1 Maccabees 2:41 and Psalm 92 from Psalms. The origin of the sabbatical commandment is unclear. It appears to be unique for the Jewish identity as a people. Its purpose was always to promote life. During the time of exile, this became increasingly important. It is the embodiment of the need for resting, praying and rejoicing in contrast to life's struggles. External threats to the existance of Judaism have occasionally led to fanaticism. Even martyrdom. After which its application has become somewhat more relaxed.

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Hur ser samspelet ut mellan moderna smartphoneapplikationer och meditationstraditioner som dateras tillbaka till 500 år före vår tideräkning? Denna uppsats utforskar hur buddhismen yttrar sig i den ’moderna’ västvärlden i en sekulär kontext, där religiositeten i vissa fall har förenklats och nått en ny typ av praktiserande – med meditationsapplikationer i våra mobiltelefoner. Det mobila meditationslandskapet utgörs av framgångsrika applikationer, däribland Headspace, Calm och Buddhify, som tillsammans syftar till att vägleda och förenkla meditation och mindfulness. Deras onekliga framgång väcker en rad frågor, först och främst huruvida ”on-the-go-meditation” är ett lämpligt substitut för hur meditation har yttrat sig genom historien, med andra ord hur det möter formell meditation. Smartphones, sociala medier och konstant uppkoppling till internet har genererat stora problem i form av stress. Är det då rimligt att använda samma medel för att koppla av? Denna uppsats kommer utforska frågor som dessa, genom att inledningsvis redogöra för buddhismens tidigaste former av meditation, i synnerhet insiktsmeditation, för att i sin tur följa dess väg till västvärlden och slutligen till mobiltelefonerna.  Denna uppsats har konstaterat att mindfulness-begreppets inträde till västerländska kontexter i många avseenden har kommit via viljan att bota psykisk ohälsa med meditation. Flera väsentliga personer bakom meditationsapplikationerna hittade till meditation för att lära sig varva ner från deras övrigt stressiga tillvaro, och i några enstaka fall handlar det om att få bukt på större kognitiva svårigheter. Där buddhismens meditation, med ursprung i Indien för 2500 år sedan, lyfter ickebegär och total närvaro för att förbli lugn och till lags, handlar snarare dagens meditation i väst ofta mer om att bli lycklig och fri från bekymmer eller kognitiva svårigheter, vilket i synnerhet syns i smartphoneapplikationerna som är föremål för undersökning.

How does a socially marginalised group of women within Islam experience and respond to exclusion and rejection from UK mosques? This topic is aimed to be explored in this essay by analysis of a campaign driven by Muslim activist group MPAC(UK), presented in a Crescent Films production documentary, Women Only Jihad. The analysis aims to identify verbal and physical stances toward women’s inclusion as well as exclusion in UK mosques in order to reach an understanding on why Muslim women are excluded and how they respond to such rejection. This has been completed with a qualitative content analysis which has allowed coding and categorisation of verbal arguments and accompanied physical actions represented in the film. The resulting empirical material has in turn been interpreted and analysed according to Woodhead’s (2012) theory on relations between religion, power, and gender. Woodhead provides a model of four different types of strategies that social religious groups can acquire in order to challenge or confirm normative gendered power structures. The verbal and physical stances and arguments initially identified have been analysed according to the fitting strategies that Woodhead provide in the aim of classifying MPACs response to exclusion. The results suggest that the men in power of the UK mosques tend to value traditional norms of segregated mosques which has been identified through verbal arguments on mosques exclusivity and cultural traditions. Furthermore, physical actions from the men represented in the film supports this claim by e.g. physically hindering MPAC access to the mosques. These results suggest that the men from the mosques acquire consolidating strategies in relation to gendered power structures, which enables them to maintain power to define the mosques availability to women. In contrast, MPAC’s campaign has been identified as using tactical strategies in order to gain power in a system which disadvantages women. Several arguments and stances have been identified to confirm that MPAC uses tactical strategies such as e.g. arguing that women have religious rights to the mosque as well as should have equal rights in order to gain religious knowledge, spiritual guidance as well as being part of a community.

Syftet med denna kunskapsöversikt var att ta reda på hur litteraciteten påverkar elevers attityd till religion. Vi ville se hur klassrumssituation, media, styrdokument och läromedel har för effekt till elevers attityd till religion. Inte bara hur dessa faktorer påverkar eleverna utan också vad de faktiskt signalerar. Vi vill med denna kunskapsöversikt poängtera för lärare hur viktigt det är att arbeta språkligt för att motarbeta ett vi och dom-mönster som finns bland dagens ungdomar. Arbetet har utgått utifrån frågeställningen “Vad säger forskning om hur språkbruket i styrdokument, läromedel, media och klassrumssituation påverkar elevers attityd till religion?”.  Översikten grundar sig på nio olika källor hittade på Swepub, Skolverket och ERIC. Genom läsningen av källorna har vi kunnat konstatera att ungdomars språkbruk har en stor påverkan på hur de ser på religion. Den forskning vi har tagit del av har visat att kritisk litteracitetsförmåga kan vara verksam till en positivare bild av religion.

This thesis is a reception study based on the impression on Renee Cox's work 'Yo mama's last supper’, Edwina Sandy's bronze sculpture Christa and the book cover of Bettina Rheim's work I.N.R.I. / Crucifixion I. The focus for the study has been to look on contemporary images of Jesus that problematize Jesus' gender identity. In all the selected works, Jesus is portrayed as a woman. The reactions that arise in the reception study will then be compared to contemporary Christian theologians’ views on the body and gender to create a better understanding seek understanding between theory and what is experienced in the encounter with new interpretations of Jesus' gender identity. The questions the essay is based on is: What reactions appear in the reception of the images of Jesus? And: How can the reception of the images of Jesus be understood through the perspective of contemporary Christian theology on the body and gender? The introductory chapter presents the method of reception studies that will be used to find and categorize the reactions that the artworks invoke. A qualitative reading of selected theologians in feminist theology and gender theology will be conducted out to be able to compile their thoughts in the theoretical framework of this essay. The background in the essay consists of the theoretical framework of the theologians that in this essay will be represented by Rosemary Radford Ruether, Lizette Pearl G. Tapia, Graham Ward and Sarah Coakley. Their theological thinking will work as a tool to analyse as an analyse tool for the reception to see how people’s reaction can be seen through contemporary Christian theology. The results part consists of a retelling of the receptions I found where they are lined up to show what reactions the images of Jesus created. This is followed by the conclusion where the reactions that have arisen are paired together based on similarities and a discussion is conducted about how they can be connected to the theologians. Finally, it is followed by an ultimate discussion where a summary of the conclusion is given, a summary which has shown a lot of mixed emotions. The biggest part of them having a negative tone and shows the need for applying feminist and gender thinking into theology.

This essay explores how spirituality and the climate issue can relate to each other. This is done by analyzing pneumatology in two Christian traditions, feministic and Eastern. These are broad and extensive areas therefore a restriction has been necessary. The demarcation resulted in two theologians, one from each tradition. From the feministic tradition, the choice fell on Anne Claar Thomasson-Rosingh and her work Searching for the Holy Spirit: Feminist Theology and Traditional Doctrine. From the Eastern Church tradition, John D. Zizioulas and his work Communion & Otherness were chosen. Further Studies in Personhood and the Church.  The question for the essay is: -What impact can the view of the Spirit and creation have on the role of human beings in responsibility for creation?  The answer to the question is that there is a connection between how views on the Holy Spirit and creation can affect the role of human responsibility. When human beings become trapped in selfishness by asserting their own right before communion and turning away from both the self and creation, an avertedness arises. This is something both Thomasson-Rosingh and Zizioulas pay attention to.  Keywords: pneumatology, spirituality, Eastern Church, feminism, creation, Anne Claar Thomasson-Rosingh and Johns D. Zizioulas.

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