Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1983. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 309-324).

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / Se supone que el Derecho Civil, más específicamente, el de contratos, está llamado a proveer respuestas, o soluciones si es el caso de que alguna parte no cumpla o lo haga de mala manera, a las obligaciones pactadas en un contrato. Es la obviedad de esta afirmación lo que a veces desorienta un poco. En el contrato las partes se obligan a algo. Acuerdan, además, de que si no se respeta aquello a lo que se obligan, uno de los dos va a tener herramientas, mecanismos, o soluciones para hacer de esa obligación algo que descanse más allá de la volubilidad de cada participante. En otras palabras, el derecho de contratos supone, por una parte, individuos que desean obligarse, y por la otra, un mecanismo para que esa voluntad sea coercitivamente exigible. En la doctrina anglosajona, se suele llamar a estos mecanismos, o respuestas del ordenamiento jurídico ante el incumplimiento contractual, remedios contractuales. Quizá la más nutrida discusión académica que se ha dado en torno a los remedios contractuales en la doctrina anglosajona en los últimos treinta años, se enmarca dentro del movimiento conocido como análisis económico del derecho. En este debate, el énfasis está dado en dilucidar cuál remedio contractual es más eficiente como regla por defecto del sistema legal, la ejecución forzada de la prestación o el pago de una indemnización en dinero. En este debate se han esbozado una serie de argumentos para preferir una alternativa por sobre la otra, mas, la doctrina pareciera no haber todavía dado por zanjado el tema. Existen quienes propugnan por la eficiencia de uno u otro remedio, de la misma manera que hay quienes buscan alguna salida intermedia entre las dos posiciones dominantes. El primer objetivo de esta memoria de prueba es hacer un repaso de este debate, de manera de poder obtener algunas herramientas para analizar nuestro sistema de remedios contractuales

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / Este trabajo tiene por objeto de estudio la Teoría de Incumplimiento contractual por repudiación anticipada. Dicha Teoría tiene su origen en la tradición jurídica del commonlaw, pero se ha ido abriendo paso a su internacionalización e incluso a su acogida en ordenamientos de tradición continental o francesa. Dicho estado de cosas, sumados al hecho de que nuestro sistema de remedios contractuales se ha vuelto cada vez más ineficiente para dar respuestas a las partes afectadas por el incumplimiento, que se hace oportuno y necesario el estudio de nuevas alternativas en la materia. A nuestro entender, la Teoría de Incumplimiento Anticipado se constituye como una solución efectiva a problemas que frecuentemente se presentan en las relaciones contractuales. Es por lo dicho, que hemos intentado ofrecer un marco dentro del cual las partes podrán acceder a los beneficios de la Teoría mediante el acuerdo expreso de ciertas cláusulas que recogen los principios que la doctrina y ordenamientos modernos le han otorgado a la doctrina en estudio.

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo / Con el presente trabajo buscamos defender la validez del remedio de terminación unilateral, y destacar los importantes beneficios que tiene su aplicación. Se trata de un remedio que no sólo es acorde al actual derecho de obligaciones, sino que también resulta funcional al actual mercado imperante, en que el tráfico de bienes y servicios lo constituyen mayoritariamente bienes y servicios de carácter fungible.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 284-298). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

A partir del análisis de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema norteamericana y del Tribunal Constitucional peruano, así como de nuestro marco normativo, el autor analiza los diversos criterios para determinar cuando estamos frente un supuesto de expropiación indirecta, tales como a magnitud de la medida, la expectativa razonable, el beneficio del Estado, la inviabilidad económica del bien, entre otros. Finalmente, luego de identificada la expropiación indirecta, señala los remedios procesales posibles con la finalidad de salvaguardar el derecho de la propiedad, siendo fundamental en el derecho internacional de inversiones. Based on the analysis of the jurisprudence of the United States Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court of Peru, as well as on our regulatory framework, the author analyzes different criteria to determine when we are dealing with an indirect expropriation situation, such as magnitude of the measure, reasonable expectation, State’s benefit, lack of economic viability of goods, among others. Finally, after the indirect expropriation has been identified, he points out possible procedural remedies in order to safeguard the right of property which is essential in international investment law.

In terms of the works contracts as a general rule the target prices between the parties are immutable. However, in the execution of the contracts for works might well emerge unforeseeable events, which would produce costs to the contractor. To these events, what actions the parties migth take? What kind of remedies does the Peruvian Civil Code offer?. In this article, the autor analizes these issues and proposes solutions to these unforeseeable risks, all on the basis of Peruvian Civil Code and a comparative study with Italian Civil Code. / En materia de los contratos de obra por regla general los precios fijados entre las partes son inalterables. Sin embargo, en las labores del contrato de obra podrían surgir sucesos imprevisibles, que producirían nuevos gastos para el contratista. Ante estos sucesos, ¿Qué acciones podrían realizar las partes? ¿Qué tipo de remedios ofrece el Código Civil peruano?.En este artículo, el autor analiza estos temas y propone soluciones ante estos riesgos imprevisibles, todo ello sobre la base del Código Civil peruano y un estudio comparado con el Código Civil italiano.

My thesis investigates an interdisciplinary narrative of the transatlantic migration of Surrealism to Mexico during the 1940s. I focus on the ways exiled European Surrealists approached notions of Mexican material culture in a hybrid society where local traditions coexisted with a global modernity. Looking to popular and print culture outlets, I concentrate on how Mexican material culture was perceived, promoted, and marketed through a Surrealist lens. Specifically, I consider the collaboration of the German pharmaceutical company Casa Bayer, S.A. and exiled Spanish-born Surrealist Remedios Varo, who produced a series of medical advertisements during her first decade in Mexico City from 1943 to 1949. Through an examination of Varo’s work, my thesis explores the changing boundaries of fine and commercial art that resulted from the efforts of artists who participated in modern mass culture and consumerism. I investigate the significance of her Surrealist advertisements for Casa Bayer as a material culture bound on one side with fine art and the other side with the development of Mexican advertising. This case study supports my argument that Surrealism, as a transnational aesthetic, was one alternative way of demonstrating the new cultural meanings of advertising in an ambiguous, modern Mexican society. Examining Varo’s illustrations in light of the movement of western Europeans to Mexico and the country’s commitment to modern progress explains why the artist negotiated her past avant-garde sensibilities with her Mexican present. / Art History

During the first half of the 20th century, several members of the Western surrealist movement traveled to Mexico with the intention of experiencing Mexican culture and gaining knowledge about the rituals and traditions of the Mexican indigenous population. They sought life experiences that could influence and confirm the surrealist’s ideological convictions. They wanted to internationalize their artistic movement by including successful Mexican artists. The ideology of Western surrealism connects ideas and practices from the human subconscious to situations of reality, where the subconscious is portrayed as a pure form of truth. The perception of reality positions it as the opposite of the dream. The dreamlike, irrational aspects depicted in the human subconscious become, according to logic, another version of reality and truth. The surrealist ideology identified with Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis, which positions and portrays women in traditional gender roles in the history of arts, where femininity and the woman are seen as biased to male creativity. In works produced by male surrealists, there is an overrepresentation of sexualizing, idealizing and projecting erotic desires onto the female body.  This thesis aims to investigate how the artists Remedios Varo and Dorothea Tanning, who themselves identified with the surrealist movement, relate to the construction of femininity and the role of women within surrealism and society. The analysis is based on a selection of reproduced works by Remedios Varo and Dorothea Tanning where themes of marriage, motherhood and sexuality is explored. These three themes serve as points of reference for a feminist theoretical framework in a visual analysis. The results of the analysis serve as a starting point for a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences that arise between the visual languages of the artists from a transnational perspective. By examining the relationship between the Western surrealist movement and Mexico's art and cultural scene during the first half of the 20th century, the movement's social and political ideas are discussed in relation to Mexico's national and cultural traditions, with the intention of providing insight into the role of women in surrealism and society.  The result of the analysis indicates that Varo and Tanning oppose the idea of how surrealism portrayed femininity. Instead, they created an independent idea of femininity and identity in relation to surrealism's ideology of the subconscious, mystical, and dreamlike. This means that the representation of femininity in the works serves as a statement against surrealism's idea of the female artist, by emphasizing their artistic ideas and visual language. The analysis provides an understanding of how hybrid identities guide navigation in relation to multiple cultural identities, artistic practices, and challenge assumptions about nationality, gender roles, and artistic cultural belonging. From a theoretical perspective of transnational feminism, the results of the analysis are discussed in terms of how cultural hegemony and postcolonial factors affect cross-cultural artistic encounters and how the rolls of gender and female artists are shaped by patriarchal structures that transcend national borders.

This study examines the cult of Our Lady of Remedios from an art-historical perspective. Choosing this specific cult statue as a case study is not arbitrary: Remedios is among the oldest Marian images in the New World and was named first patroness of Mexico City in 1574, when the city council became the patron of her shrine and a confraternity was founded to better disseminate the cult. As a result, the statue was carried fifty-seven times through the streets of New Spain's capital in three hundred years (an average of one procession every five years), thus outnumbering any other religious event that was not part of the liturgical calendar. The fame of Our Lady of Remedios was closely linked to her role as Socia Belli of the Spanish army, as she was believed to have protected Hernán Cortés and his allies during the conquest of Mexico-Tenochtitlán in 1520-21. Her character as protector in times of war was enhanced in the centuries to come, when she was called to the city on every occasion when the Spanish Crown was involved in military campaigns. Her protection, however, was mainly requested in times of drought and epidemics, a reason for which her fame as protectress of the city grew intensively, and all sectors of society (Spanish, Indians, and Castas) followed her with the same fervent faith. This dissertation is a monographic study of a miraculous image that has hitherto been overlooked in the history of colonial religiosity of New Spain despite its symbolic relevance for the society of its time. It considers the sixteenth-century statue and the ways it was displayed to its devotional audiences as documents that inform us about its social role. By placing this cult image in the ritual context to which it belonged, both spatial and spiritual, this study considers the devotional gaze with which her devotees engaged her showing how devotion, aesthetics and politics were intertwined during colonial Mexico. / History of Art and Architecture