Gustav Mahler’s Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen (first published 1887) feature as their only character a miserable wayfarer who laments his unrequited love for someone and who, in spite of all his beautiful pastoral surroundings, cannot help but feel deep unhappiness. Using Lacan’s three orders (Imaginary, Symbolic and Real) and further developments of his theory by Slavoj Žižek in The Sublime Object of Ideology, I argue that the eyes of the wayfarer’s beloved are the Lacanian Real that disrupts his symbolic network and thus are the origin of his traumatic existence. His misery becomes an immanent part of his identity and he can therefore only exist through this feeling. Furthermore I suggest that, although he laments the situation, he subconsciously desires the unhappy love affair as a way of guaranteeing his own existence as a wayfarer, in accordance with Freud’s concept of Repetition compulsion.

The research question was stirred by observations that the set-up of the clinical situation seems to contain elements that have a deep impact on the patient. I found that the clinical situation shows important similarities to the space for play that children negotiate when they want to immerse themselves in mutual phantasy play. Consequently, one overall purpose of the present study is to explore the psychoanalytic situation as a play situation with the help of two clinical vignettes.In the first part, I give a picture of my understanding of Freud’s reasons for shaping his clinical situation as he did. A critical scrutiny of Freud’s case of the Rat Man gave us keys to an understanding of the clinical method’s contradictoriness.A tentative hypothesis was framed that the set-up of psychoanalysis’s clinical situation induces an ambiguity about different levels of reality, the purpose being to create a space in the course of the analysis in which this confusion can be analyzed and comprehended. This work on the ambiguity of the reality links psychoanalysis with the intimate and spontaneous interaction that characterizes children’s social phantasy play. The investigation came to the conclusion that there exists a conspicuous equivalence between the two situations. The issue of what connects the universal play situation of children on the one hand, with the specific psychoanalytic situation on the other, makes a point of departure from which to approach and investigate the field of inquiry.The theory is that a ‘play’ with factual and illusory asymmetry generates a field of tension that serves as a sounding board from the moment of psychoanalysis's introductory negotiations until its ending. A third area is created that supports a mutual explorative space that in its turn makes a bridge between outer and inner reality and between now and the past. In such a context the phenomenon of play becomes a transformational concept.The conclusion is that psychoanalysis organizes a clinical situation that speaks to a profound and universal human need and that it is understood as an analogy of the play situation of children.

In this essay, the novel Beloved, by Toni Morrison is observed using a working psychoanalytical approach. Story is observed as an important factor in engaging the reader on a personal level with the experience of trauma. By surveying Morrison’s use of imagery and language, this essay will examine how Morrison employs literary methods that imitate the psychological processes regarding how trauma is communicated to the waking state from the unconscious. The resulting testimony of the novel that arises as the result of these processes is also observed. This essay concludes that Morrison’s use of these literary methods functions to obligate the reader to involve themselves in the process of trauma and its resolution.

Repetição é um dos conceitos fundamentais da psicanálise. O caráter compulsivo da repetição está ligado à pulsão de morte: pura quantidade, afetos sem representações, projetados a esmo, furiosamente. O sujeito é impelido, contra sua vontade, a re-editar novas edições de acontecimentos traumáticos. A recorrência deste sofrimento, no âmbito da transferência, produz efeitos de cura. Para Freud, o tratamento consiste no uso da palavra: tanto a fala do analisando, quanto a do analista, incide sobre os afetos não representados, silenciados, mas indomados desde o trauma. A interpretação metafórica é capaz de dar nome ao indizível. O sujeito re-significa a experiência emocional à medida que os verbaliza, os atos repetitivos perdem consistência. Nesta pesquisa, de natureza teórica, trabalhou-se o conceito de repetição a partir da teoria de Freud, articulando-o ao tratamento. Contribuições de outros pesquisadores psicanalistas e Ilustrações clínicas foram utilizadas com o objetivo de caracterizar a clínica da transferência como lugar onde a compulsão à repetição pode ser tratada. Propõe-se, como conseqüência da pesquisa, um retorno à clínica. Pretende-se avançar no exame do que até aqui se fez, típico da elaboração científica, e que se constituiu o ofício de Freud. / Repetition is one of the fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis. The compulsive character of repetition is linked to the death drive: pure quantity, affection without representations, designed at random, furiously. The subject is compelled against his will, re-edit new editions of traumatic events. The recurrence of this suffering, in the transfer, took effect healing. For Freud, the treatment is the use of the word: both the speech of the analyzed and the analyst, focuses on feelings not represented, silenced, but untamed since the trauma. The metaphorical interpretation is able to name the unspeakable. The subject re-signifies the emotional experience as the verbalizations, the repetitive acts lose consistency. In this research, theoretical, we worked on the concept of repetition from Freuds theory, linking it to the treatment. Contributions from other psychoanalytic investigators and clinical illustrations were used in order to characterize the clinical transfer as where the repetition compulsion can be treated. It is, as a result of research, a return to the clinic. The aim is to advance the examination of what has been done so far, typical of scientific development, and that was the work of Freud.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_espiridiao.pdf: 475042 bytes, checksum: 599694ecf28cfc24e2f7798319005b9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-07 / Repetition is one of the fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis. The compulsive character of repetition is linked to the death drive: pure quantity, affection without representations, designed at random, furiously. The subject is compelled against his will, re-edit new editions of traumatic events. The recurrence of this suffering, in the transfer, took effect healing. For Freud, the treatment is the use of the word: both the speech of the analyzed and the analyst, focuses on feelings not represented, silenced, but untamed since the trauma. The metaphorical interpretation is able to name the unspeakable. The subject re-signifies the emotional experience as the verbalizations, the repetitive acts lose consistency. In this research, theoretical, we worked on the concept of repetition from Freud s theory, linking it to the treatment. Contributions from other psychoanalytic investigators and clinical illustrations were used in order to characterize the clinical transfer as where the repetition compulsion can be treated. It is, as a result of research, a return to the clinic. The aim is to advance the examination of what has been done so far, typical of scientific development, and that was the work of Freud. / Repetição é um dos conceitos fundamentais da psicanálise. O caráter compulsivo da repetição está ligado à pulsão de morte: pura quantidade, afetos sem representações, projetados a esmo, furiosamente. O sujeito é impelido, contra sua vontade, a re-editar novas edições de acontecimentos traumáticos. A recorrência deste sofrimento, no âmbito da transferência, produz efeitos de cura. Para Freud, o tratamento consiste no uso da palavra: tanto a fala do analisando, quanto a do analista, incide sobre os afetos não representados, silenciados, mas indomados desde o trauma. A interpretação metafórica é capaz de dar nome ao indizível. O sujeito re-significa a experiência emocional à medida que os verbaliza, os atos repetitivos perdem consistência. Nesta pesquisa, de natureza teórica, trabalhou-se o conceito de repetição a partir da teoria de Freud, articulando-o ao tratamento. Contribuições de outros pesquisadores psicanalistas e Ilustrações clínicas foram utilizadas com o objetivo de caracterizar a clínica da transferência como lugar onde a compulsão à repetição pode ser tratada. Propõe-se, como conseqüência da pesquisa, um retorno à clínica. Pretende-se avançar no exame do que até aqui se fez, típico da elaboração científica, e que se constituiu o ofício de Freud.

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