The objective of this thesis is to compare financial statements prepared under Czech law (?ČÚL? or ?CZ GAAP?) and financial statements prepared under international accounting standards IAS/IFRS. The theoretical part elaborates on the formal comparison of financial statements prepared under ČÚL and under IAS/IFRS and the objective of the comparison is the contents, form and methods used for preparing financial statements under the two legislations. General accounting in the Czech Republic is governed by Act 563/1991 Coll., on Accounting and IAS/IFRS is similarly governed by the Framework. The other part discusses some selected IAS/IFRS standards that are applied in a certain company and they are compared with Czech accounting standards. The practical part of the thesis discusses the transformation of the financial statements prepared under ČÚL to financial statements under IAS/IFRS in a certain company. As a result of such transformation, certain lines disclosed under the balance sheet and the income statement show different figures and they have impact on the closing amounts and the profit/loss of the company. The outcome of the practical part are reports prepared under ČÚL and under IAS/IFRS and in the end I assess the influence of different methods used on the reported data. I focused only on two most important parts of financial statements, i.e. balance sheet and income statement.

This study aimed to identify at what level the accounting information both in the Brazilian and U.S. markets respond to the requirements of the initial adoption of IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standards. The global movement towards the convergence of International Accounting Standards ruled by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) resulted in the requirement for adoption of IFRS (mentioned above) for publicly traded Brazilian companies by the Securities Commission (known as CVM in Brazil) on CVM Instruction 457/07. A Descriptive Research was carried out as far as using statistics about the method of procedures, techniques of documentary research and classical content analysis. Financial statements prepared for the year of 2008 were analyzed in accordance both with U.S. GAAP and GAAP of 20 Brazilian companies from 10 economic sectors listed at the same time on the Stock Exchange of New York (NYSE) and the Stock Exchange (BOVESPA). The index of disclosure was calculated such as it was proposed on Lopes and Rodrigues study carried out a couple of years ago (2007) for Portuguese companies. The results point to indexes calculated for the disclosure of Form 20F higher than those calculated for the Standard Financial Statements (DFP), confirming a greater degree of convergence between U.S. GAAP and IFRS. It suggests that depending on the adoption of IFRS the consolidated accounting in GAAP tend to change substantially, increasing that way, the level of disclosure. Furthermore the results confirmed both by the sample and literature, that the sector of activity and size of enterprises directly influence the disclosure of information. In relation to the auditors the fact that the statements be audited by global audit companies known as the Big Four has not determined the extent of the disclosure. / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral identificar em que nível as informações contábeis, divulgadas nos mercados: brasileiro e norte-americano, atendem aos requisitos da adoção inicial das IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards. O movimento mundial de convergência rumo às Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade do International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) culminou na exigência de adoção das IFRS, para as companhias abertas brasileiras, pela Comissão de Valores Mobiliário (CVM), na Instrução CVM no 457/07. Por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva, quanto aos seus objetivos, utilizando-se da estatística como método de procedimentos e das técnicas de pesquisa documental e de análise de conteúdo clássica foram analisadas as demonstrações contábeis elaboradas para o ano de 2008, de acordo com os US GAAP e os BR GAAP de 20 empresas brasileiras de 10 setores econômicos, listadas simultaneamente na Bolsa de Valores de Nova York (NYSE) e na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BOVESPA), e calculou-se o índice de disclosure proposto na pesquisa de Lopes e Rodrigues (2007) para empresas portuguesas. Os resultados apontam para índices de disclosure calculados para o Form 20F maiores do que aqueles calculados para as Demonstrações Financeiras Padrão (DFP), confirmando um nível de convergência maior entre US GAAP e IFRS e sugerindo que, em função da adoção das IFRS, as demonstrações contábeis em BR GAAP tendem a se modificar substancialmente, aumentando o nível de divulgação. Além disso, os resultados confirmam, para a amostra, o exposto na literatura selecionada de que o setor de atuação e o tamanho das empresas influem diretamente no disclosure das informações. Em relação aos auditores, o fato de as demonstrações serem auditadas pelas empresas globais de auditoria conhecidas como Big Four não foi determinante na extensão do disclosure. / Mestre em Administração

Financial accounting is a deep source of information, which should offer true data about the company. Accounting has a lot of forms and one of them {--} the creative accounting {--} is the topic of this diploma thesis. The term ``creative accounting{\crqq} means falsification of financial and audit reports about company{\crq}s real situation and offering the fictitious ones. The possible way to regulate ``the creative accounting{\crqq} is the process of accounting harmonization. Within this process, there is an effort to create a uniform, comprehensive system which will be clear to everyone and which can offer true image of the accounting. The aim of this work is to estimate the Czech accounting legislation (ČÚL) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) at situations, allowing ``the creative accounting{\crqq}, which will lead to the conclusion how can the different bookkeeping influent the range of economic result.

The master thesis compares the differences between Czech Accounting Legislation and International Financial Reporting Standards regarding long-term assets. The thesis is divided into two major parts, such as theoretical and practical The theoretical part of the master thesis comprises theoretical information concerning issues of long-term assets. Firstly, there is the definition of long-term assets, then the ways of acqusition, valuation, depreciation and elimination are described from the point of view of the Czech Accounting Legislation. According to the International Financial Reporting Standards long-term assets are defined by two main standards which deal with their issues. The aim of the theoretical part is to analyse differences between the Czech Accounting Legislation (CAL) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in the field of long-term assets. In this part of the master thesis the key differences between these two accounting systems are to be found and described. The aim of the practical part is to apply the differences between CAL and IFRS on the particular subject. The theoretical findings are applied on the concret examples on which is explained how accounting transactions affect profits and balance sheet both in terms of the Czech Accounting Legislation and the International Financial Reporting Standards.

The goal of my diploma thesis is to give a comprehensive interpretation on the issue of accounts compiled by entities in the Czech Republic. I describe the operations and activities before, during and after its compilation. I also briefly refer to International Financial Reporting Standards and the appreciation of assets and liabilities. Finally I'm doing an analysis of a final accounts of the real company.

Technical provisions representthe most important item of the liabilities of insurance companies. First chapter of this thesis deals with the characteristics and the sense of provisions in any accounting entity. The next chapters are concerned with the regulation of provisions according to the current czech account and tax law and to the IAS/IFRS. The next chapter is the most extensive. This chapter describes technical provisions and rules for their creation, accountig, measurement according to the current valid law in the Czech republic. The subchapters describe the particular technical provisions and their differenties and calculation. The related topics of the reinsurance and the financial placing are presented here too. The examplas for accounting of the technical provisions int the life and the non-life insurance company are shown in the practical part of this thesis.

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are required or permitted for use in over 100 countries across the world. IFRS are developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The IASB, with no formal or legal mandate, is performing a task normally reserved for national standard-setters. This study sought to establish the legitimacy of IFRS by assessing the due process of the IASB. The study established that countries have different motivations for choosing IFRS which raises legitimacy concerns. The global financial crisis compounded the legitimacy challenges of IFRS by exposing due process vulnerabilities. The study established that the IFRS governance structures are dominated by powerful stakeholders especially members of the G-20. Although the due process procedures provide opportunities for participation, actual participation is still dominated by constituents from Europe. Africa and South America still account for very low proportions of governance seats and participants in standard-setting projects. / Financial Accounting / M. Com. (Accounting)

El presente trabajo de investigación presenta como objetivo general determinar el impacto financiero de la Norma Internacional de Información Financiera 9: Instrumentos financieros, relacionado con la Gestión Financiera en las empresas agrarias de cultivos con fundos en la Región Ica que siembran y/o comercializan uvas y arándanos, año 2018. A raíz de los nuevos cambios en la normativa contable con el objetivo de mostrar más fiables los instrumentos financieros. La investigación es de tipo aplicada. Nuestra población consta de 21 empresas agrícolas que poseen fundos en la región de Ica dedicadas al cultivo que siembran y/o comercializan uvas y arándanos. Con la finalidad de obtener un mejor entendimiento se realizaron entrevistas a dos expertos de una firma auditora, de los cuales una se caracteriza por ser experta en la revisión financiera de NIIF del sector, y uno es experto en NIIF. Así como encuestas a los encargados de la evaluación del impacto de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera y aplicación en la empresa. De esta forma, la investigación se diseñó en 5 capítulos. En el primer capítulo, se desarrolló el Marco Teórico, donde se describen las variables y dimensiones de la tesis con el contexto en el cual se ubica nuestra investigación. En el segundo capítulo, se describe el problema, los objetivos e hipótesis general y específicos. En el tercer capítulo, se describió la metodología de investigación donde se define el tipo de investigación, diseño, población, muestra para el análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo. En el cuarto capítulo, se desarrolló la aplicación de los instrumentos y el desarrollo de casos prácticos con el propósito de medir el impacto de la NIIF 9. Por último, en el quinto capítulo se analizó los resultados obtenidos en los instrumentos, conclusiones y recomendaciones finales donde se concluyó que la NIIF 9: Instrumentos Financieros no impacta en la Gestión Financiera en las empresas agrarias de cultivos con fundos en la Región Ica que siembran y/o comercializan uvas y arándanos, año 2018. / Tesis

The Diploma Thesis deals with an intangible assets reporting in different accounting systems. The purpose of the Diploma Thesis is a comparison of intangible assets in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), Czech and Slovak accounting rules. It presents the impact of the found problematic scopes on the relevance of data reporting in the concrete companies. It points out the necessity of harmonization of national accounting legislations.

The topic of the diploma thesis „Reporting of intangible assets in accordance with Czech Accounting Standards, IFRS and US GAAP“ is a determination and presentation of intangible assets under Czech Accounting Standards and two predominant accounting frameworks in use – International Accounting Financial Standards and US Generally Acepted Accounting Principles. The analytical part of thesis is focused on impacts in a particular entity which arise from different accounting treatment.