Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-04T19:21:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KadignaCarlaSilvaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1273103 bytes, checksum: 42e60354cd1cf82d4ae965a4a92de036 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-12T23:33:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 KadignaCarlaSilvaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1273103 bytes, checksum: 42e60354cd1cf82d4ae965a4a92de036 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T23:33:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KadignaCarlaSilvaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1273103 bytes, checksum: 42e60354cd1cf82d4ae965a4a92de036 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-14 / Os morcegos atuam de diversas maneiras na regula??o dos ecossistemas. Dentre seus representantes, Artibeus planirostris ? uma esp?cie frug?vora, que atua tanto como dispersora de sementes quanto como polinizadora. Diante da escassez de estudos sobre a biologia reprodutiva de morcegos, sobretudo em machos, e da car?ncia de informa??es sobre a reprodu??o dos indiv?duos da ordem quir?ptera no Nordeste do Brasil, este estudo teve por objetivo quantificar o processo espermatog?nico de A. planirostris, bem como sua varia??o sazonal, atrav?s de an?lises morfol?gicas e morfom?tricas dos test?culos. Os animais foram coletados nos anos 2013 e 2014, entre as esta??es seca (n=10) e chuvosa (n=10), no campus central da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (Natal-RN). Ap?s eutan?sia os test?culos foram coletados e processados histologicamente para inclus?o em historesina e analise sob microscopia de luz. As l?minas histol?gicas foram fotografadas e a morfometria foi realizada utilizando-se o software Image-Pro Plus. Os resultados obtidos quanto ? morfometria e biometria foram comparados pelo teste de Kruskall Wallis ou pelo teste de Student, considerando-se um n?vel de signific?ncia de 5% (p<0,05). Considerando-se as duas esta??es, os animais apresentaram ?ndice gonadossom?tico m?dio de 0,54%. Os t?bulos semin?feros representaram cerca de 92% do par?nquima testicular, sendo o restante representado pelo intert?bulo. Os t?bulos semin?feros foram compostos por cerca de 27% de l?men, 60% de epit?lio semin?fero e 4% de t?nica pr?pria. Dentre os par?metros morfom?tricos analisados, apenas o l?men apresentou varia??o significativa entre as esta??es, de modo que o maior percentual foi encontrado na esta??o chuvosa, com cerca de 29%. O di?metro tubular e a altura do epit?lio semin?fero apresentaram m?dias de 142 ?m e 43 ?m, respectivamente. Obteve-se comprimento tubular m?dio por grama de test?culo de 64,7 m e ?ndice tubulossom?tico de 0,47 %. A popula??o celular do epit?lio semin?fero mostrou-se composta por espermatog?nias, espermat?citos prim?rios na transi??o de pr?-lept?teno para lept?teno, em zig?teno e em paqu?teno, esperm?tides arredondadas e alongadas e c?lulas de Sertoli. Apenas a popula??o de espermat?citos prim?rios em pr?-lept?teno/lept?teno apresentou varia??o entre as esta??es, com maiores valores na esta??o seca. Obteve-se ?ndice mit?tico anual de 14%, ?ndice mei?tico de 3%, rendimento geral da espermatog?nese de 51 c?lulas e ?ndice de c?lulas de Sertoli de 6 c?lulas. A an?lise da frequ?ncia dos est?dios do ciclo do epit?lio semin?fero mostrou que os est?dios mais e menos frequentes foram, respectivamente, o 1 e o 6. Os est?dios 1 e 4 variaram estatisticamente entre as esta??es, sendo que o est?dio 1 foi mais frequente na esta??o chuvosa e o est?dio 4 foi mais frequente na esta??o seca. O intert?bulo foi composto predominantemente por c?lulas de Leydig, as quais apresentaram maiores percentuais no par?nquima testicular na esta??o seca, assim como a propor??o volum?trica dos vasos linf?ticos. Os demais componentes intertubulares n?o variaram estatisticamente entre as esta??es, bem como os par?metros analisados quanto ? morfometria das c?lulas de Leydig. Estas c?lulas apresentaram n?mero por grama de test?culo com m?dia anual de 5,63x107c?lulas, e ?ndice Leydigossom?tico de 0,005%. Observou-se grande investimento em t?bulos semin?feros, com baixa capacidade de suporte pelas c?lulas de Sertoli, e grande investimento em c?lulas de Leydig no par?nquima testicular, sobretudo na esta??o seca, bem como na popula??o de espermat?citos prim?rios em pr?-lept?teno/lept?teno indicando padr?o espermatog?nico anual cont?nuo no Nordeste do pa?s em A. planirostris. / Bats act in several ways to regulate ecosystems. Among its representatives, Artibeus planirostris is a frugivorous species, which acts both as a seed disperser and as a pollinator. Due to the scarcity of studies on the reproductive biology of bats, especially in males, and the lack of information about the reproduction of the specimens of order chiroptera in the Brazilian Northeast, this study aimed to quantify the spermatogenic process of A. planirostris, as well as its seasonal variation, through the morphological and morphometric analysis of the testes. The animals were collected in the years of 2013 and 2014, between the dry (n = 10) and rainy seasons (n = 10), at the central campus of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (Natal-RN). After euthanasia, the testes were collected and processed histologically for embedding in historesin and analyzed under light microscopy. The histological slides were photographed and the morphometry was performed using the Image-Pro Plus software. The results of morphometry and biometry were compared by the Kruskall Wallis test or by the Student test, with a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). Considering the two seasons, the animals had a mean gonadosomatic index of 0,54%. The seminiferous tubules represented about 92% of the testicular parenchyma, the remaining being represented by the intertubule. The seminiferous tubules were composed of about 27% of lumen, 60% of seminiferous epithelium and 4% of tunica propria. Among the analyzed morphometric parameters, only the lumen showed significant variation between the seasons, so that the highest percentage was found in the rainy season, with about 29%. The tubular diameter and height of the seminiferous epithelium presented a mean of 142 ?m and 43 ?m, respectively. It was obtained a mean tubular length per gram of testis of 64.7 m and tubulesomatic index of 0.47%. The cell population of the seminiferous epithelium was composed of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes in the transition from pre-leptotene to leptotene, zygotene and pachytene, rounded and elongated spermatids and Sertoli cells. Only the population of primary spermatocytes in pre-leptotene/leptotene presented variation between seasons, with higher values in the dry season. The annual mitotic index was 14%, the meiotic index was 3%, the overall spermatogenesis yield was 51 cells and the Sertoli cell index was 6 cells. The analysis of the frequency of the stages that compose the seminiferous epithelium cycle showed that the most and least frequent stages were, respectively, the 1 and the 6. Stages 1 and 4 varied statistically between seasons, with stage 1 being more frequent in the rainy season and stage 4 being more frequent in the dry season. The intertubule was predominantly composed of Leydig cells, which presented higher percentages in the testicular parenchyma in the dry season, as well as the volumetric proportion of the lymphatic vessels. The other intertubular components did not vary statistically between the seasons, as well as the parameters analyzed for Leydig cell morphometry. These cells presented a number per gram of testis with an annual mean of 5,63x107 cells and a Leydyssomatic index of 0.005%. It were observed a large investment in seminiferous tubules, with a low support capacity by Sertoli cells, and great investment in Leydig cells in the testicular parenchyma, especially in the dry season, as well as in the population of pre-leptotene/leptotene primary spermatocyte, indicating annual continuous spermatogenic pattern in the Northeast of the Brazil in A. planirostris.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T17:49:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GersonGN_TESE.pdf: 4714493 bytes, checksum: 3210c67db530dca6c6bf87d19f872722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-09 / This paper analyzes the influence of trade and services in the reconfiguration of urban space in Natal, with the Avenues Bernardo Vieira end Roberto Freire Engineer as privileged analysis. Initially, we discussed the concepts of production and reproduction of urban space, urban centralities, decentralized, services and public policies, especially transport and tourism. Then, we show the construction of urban space from Natal, highlighting the historical formation of the districts of Ribeira, Cidade Alta and Alecrim, pioneers in the service sector, noting that currently there is an ongoing process of decentralization in the city of such activities, to other areas of the urban fabric of Natal. Later, we studied the Avenues Bernardo Vieira to Roberto Freire Engineer, noting, in both the distribution of commercial activities and services, and issues related to transportation, traffic, tourism and socio-economic problems, identified them. Finally, testify that Natal, from the 1980s, underwent a process of decentralization of services, both to the south, and north of the city on the ball. In this process of decentralization we ascertain the role of public policies on transport and tourism, complementing the action of private enterprise, through the real estate market, on Avenue Roberto Freire Engineer. / Este trabalho analisa a influ?ncia do com?rcio e dos servi?os na reconfigura??o do espa?o urbano de Natal-RN, tendo as Avenidas Bernardo Vieira e Engenheiro Roberto Freire como espa?os privilegiados de an?lise. Inicialmente, s?o abordados os conceitos de produ??o e reprodu??o do espa?o urbano, de centralidades e descentralidades urbanas, de servi?os e de pol?ticas p?blicas, principalmente, de transportes e de turismo. Em seguida, mostramos a constru??o do espa?o urbano de Natal, destacando a forma??o hist?rica dos bairros da Ribeira, Cidade Alta e Alecrim, pioneiros no setor de servi?os, observando que na atualidade existe um processo de descentraliza??o em curso na cidade, das referidas atividades, para outras ?reas do tecido urbano natalense. Posteriormente, estudamos as Avenidas Bernardo Vieira a Engenheiro Roberto Freire, ressaltando, em ambas, a distribui??o das atividades comerciais e de servi?os, al?m de quest?es relativas ao transporte, ao tr?fego, ao turismo e aos problemas socioecon?micos, nelas identificados. Finalmente, atestamos que Natal, a partir da d?cada de 1980, sofreu um processo de descentraliza??o dos servi?os, tanto na dire??o Sul, quanto na esfera Norte da cidade. Neste processo de descentraliza??o averiguamos o papel das pol?ticas p?blicas de transportes e turismo, complementando a a??o da iniciativa privada, atrav?s do mercado imobili?rio, sobretudo, na Avenida Engenheiro Roberto Freire.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WallaceSN_TESE.pdf: 8655030 bytes, checksum: d55633f6c1ca42d23115efea83e7b07c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This work deals with the life strategy of an endangered annual fish, Hypsolebias antenori (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), of the Brazilian semiarid region. The eggs of these fish hatch at the onset of the rainy season, grows rapidly and they reproduce during the rainy season. When the water puddles dry out, the entire population dies. The resistant eggs which are buried in the bottom of the dried pools go through diapause stages, during which time the embryonic development becomes temporarily arrested. With the onset of the next rainy season, the eggs hatch and a new generation is formed. Specimens of H. antenori were captured during 2011 and 2013, in temporary water pools located in the hydrographic basin of river Jaguaribe in Cear?, Brazil. Sex ratio, the length-weight relationship, the growth type, first sexual maturity, anatomy and histology of the digestive tract, development of gonads, reproductive strategy, karyotypic pattern of the species, and the conservation status of H. antenori were investigated. The results of this study are presented in the form of eight articles. The first article is about the fish faunal composition of the hydrographic basins of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, wherein the record of H. antenori is included. The second article deals with the sex ratio, secondary sexual characteristics of males, the length-weight relationship and the type of growth. Males show a pattern of intense coloration with well developed fins. The sex ratio showed a significant predominance of females (1M:1.7 F). Males were larger in length and weight. The equation of weight and total length relationship was Wt=0.0271Lt3,8937, showing a positively allometric growth, indicating greater increase in weight than in length. The third article discusses the anatomy and histology of the digestive tract of H. antenori. It is considered as a generalist feeder with characteristics of omnivore, which utilizes different food sources. The fourth article discusses the stages and phases of gonad development and type of spawning of H. antenori. The fifth article is about the r reproductive strategy adopted by H. antenori which helps in successful reproduction over a short period of life. The sixth article deals karyotypic pattern of the species, constituting the first cytogenetic contribution to the genus. The seventh article discusses about the risk of extinction of this species which suffers a series of threats, such as, habitat loss through land use, deforestation, construction of reservoirs, pollution due to domestic and industrial sewage, besides pesticides and agrochemicals. Furthermore, decreasing rainfall and intensification of aridity due to global climate changes, interferes with the reproductive cycle. The eighth article deals with aggressive behavior adopted between males and among females during reproduction. All temporary water pools sampled during this study were in high degree of degradation, mainly due to human action. There is a great need for conservation measures to protect the populations of annual fish, including the creation of protected areas in the semiarid ephemeral aquatic environments of Brazil / Este trabalho trata sobre a estrat?gia da vida de um peixe anual em perigo Hypsolebias antenori (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), do semi?rido brasileiro. Os ovos dessa esp?cie nascem em po?as tempor?rias, crescem rapidamente, reproduzem e no per?odo de estiagem quando a po?a seca, toda a popula??o morre. Os ovos resistentes depositados no substrato da po?a s?o capazes de passar por um est?gio de diapausa, quando seu est?gio de desenvolvimento embrion?rio ? estacionado. Com a chegada do per?odo de chuvas, os ovos eclodem e uma nova gera??o ? formada. Os exemplares de H. antenori foram capturados durante 2011 e 2013, nas po?as tempor?rias localizadas na bacia do rio Jaguaribe no Cear?, Brasil. Foram investigadas a propor??o sexual, a rela??o peso-comprimento, o tipo de crescimento, a primeira matura??o sexual, anatomia e histologia do trato digest?rio, desenvolvimento das g?nadas, estrat?gia reprodutiva, dados cariot?picos da esp?cie, e o estado de conserva??o de H. antenori. Os resultados desse trabalho est?o apresentados sob a forma de oito artigos. O primeiro artigo ? sobre a composi??o da ictiofauna das bacias hidrogr?ficas do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, incluindo o registro de H. antenori. O segundo artigo trata sobre a propor??o sexual, caracter?sticas secund?rios sexuais dos machos, a rela??o pesocomprimento e o tipo de crescimento. Os machos apresentam um padr?o de colora??o intensa com nadadeiras mais desenvolvidas. A propor??o sexual apresentou uma predomin?ncia significativa de f?meas (1M: 1,7F). Os machos foram maiores em comprimento e em peso. A equa??o originada da rela??o peso total e comprimento total foi Wt = 0,0271Lt3,8937, apresentando um crescimento alom?trico positivo, indicando maior incremento no peso do que em rela??o ao comprimento. O terceiro artigo trata sobre a anatomia e histologia do trato digest?rio de H. antenori. ? considerado como um generalista com as caracter?sticas de on?voria, que aproveita fontes alimentares diferentes. O quarto artigo trata sobre os est?dios e fases de desenvolvimento das g?nadas e o tipo de desova de H. antenori. O quinto artigo trata sobre a estrat?gia reprodutiva r adotada pela H. antenori que auxilia na reprodu??o bem sucedida durante um curto per?odo de vida. O sexto artigo trata sobre os dados cariot?picos da esp?cie, constituindo a primeira contribui??o citogen?tica para o g?nero. O s?timo artigo trata sobre o risco de extin??o dessa esp?cie, que v?m sofrendo uma s?rie de amea?as, tais como, a perda de habitats pela ocupa??o do solo, desmatamento, constru??o dos reservat?rios, polui??o devido aos efluentes dom?sticos, industriais, pesticidas e agrot?xicos. Al?m disso, a diminui??o da pluviosidade e intensifica??o da aridez em decorr?ncia das mudan?as clim?ticas globais vem interferindo em seu ciclo reprodutivo. O oitavo trabalho trata sobre o comportamento agressivo adotado entre os machos e entre as f?meas durante a reprodu??o. Todas as po?as tempor?rias amostradas durante este trabalho estavam em um alto grau de degrada??o, principalmente devido ? a??o antr?pica. H? uma grande necessidade de medidas de conserva??o para proteger as popula??es de peixes anuais, entre elas especialmente a cria??o de ?reas de prote??o nos ambientes aqu?ticos ef?meros do semi?rido brasileiro

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MonicaRO_TESE.pdf: 9199361 bytes, checksum: c0ccdbb9830c327846e159e62e15732a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The flyingfish, Hirundichthys affinis (G?nther, 1866) (Exocoetidae) and ballyhoo half beak, Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiramphidae) are marine fish species of commercial value, which contribute to artisanal fishery production of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Besides the economic importance, these fish are important from an ecological point of view, being components in pelagic food chain, where they are the preferred prey of larger predators of high commercial value. This study aimed to determine the reproductive strategies of H. affinis and H. brasiliensis and the fishery production of H. affinis in the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte. The results are presented in the form of six cientific articles and a review paper. The first article presents the morphometric measurements and meristic counts which confirmed the taxonomic status, population structure in length-weight and the gonad development of H. affinis through macroscopic observations of the ovaries and testes. Females of this species were bigger and heavier than males. The second article describes the reproductive tactics, such as, sex ratio, length at first sexual maturity, histological aspects of gonads, fecundity and spawning season, that indicate the reproductive strategy of H. affinis. The third article shows annual changes in the fishery production of H. affinis in Cai?ara do Norte, during the period of 1993 to 2010, emphasizing the relevance of this fish in total fishery production of Rio Grande do Norte, besides registering the fall in production in the years 2008 to 2010. The fourth article describes the population structure, with respect to the length and weight, the length-weight relationship, growth type and sex ratio of Hemiramphus brasiliensis. The fifth article describes the reproductive biology of H. brasiliensis, with details about sex ratio, length at first sexual maturity, fecundity, type of breeding and spawning season. The sixth article deals with the reproductive strategy of H. brasiliensis. The review paper presents the topic of age determination of tropical fish using analysis of otoliths. Both species use the coastal waters of Cai?ara do Norte for reproductive purposes. The flying fish, H. affinis migrates from the oceanic waters to the coastal waters to reproduce, coinciding with the rainy season. H. affinis presents total spawning and a seasonal reproductive strategy. However, H. brasiliensis lives and reproduces in the coastal waters displaying partial spawning and an equilibrium reproductive strategy / O peixe-voador, Hirundichthys affinis (G?nther, 1866) (Exocoetidae) e a agulha preta, Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus,1758) (Hemiramphidae) s?o peixes marinhos de valor comercial, que contribuem para a produ??o pesqueira artesanal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Esses peixes s?o importantes na teia alimentar pel?gica, pois constituem as principais presas preferidas de predadores de alto valor comercial. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as estrat?gias reprodutivas de H. affinis e de H. brasiliensis e a produ??o pesqueira de H. affinis no litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Norte. Os resultados est?o apresentados sob a forma de seis artigos cient?ficos e um artigo de revis?o. O primeiro artigo aborda as medidas morfom?tricas e contagens mer?sticas que confirmaram a taxonomia da esp?cie, a estrutura da popula??o em peso-comprimento e o desenvolvimento das g?nadas de H. affinis, atrav?s de observa??es macrosc?picas dos ov?rios e test?culos. Foi verificado que as f?meas s?o maiores e mais pesados do que os machos. O segundo artigo descreve ?s t?ticas reprodutivas, tais como, propor??o sexual, comprimento da primeira matura??o sexual, aspectos histol?gicos das g?nadas, fecundidade e per?odo de desova, que indicam a estrat?gia reprodutiva de H. affinis. O terceiro artigo mostra a varia??o anual da produ??o de H. affinis em Cai?ara do Norte, durante o per?odo de 1993 a 2010, dando ?nfase a relev?ncia desse peixe na produ??o pesqueira no RN, incluindo o registro da queda na produ??o durante os anos de 2008 a 2010. O quarto artigo apresenta a estrutura populacional, no que tange ao comprimento e peso, a rela??o peso-comprimento, o tipo de crescimento e a propor??o sexual de Hemiramphus brasiliensis. O quinto artigo apresenta a biologia reprodutiva de H. brasiliensis, com detalhes sobre a propor??o sexual, o comprimento da primeira matura??o sexual, a fecundidade, o tipo e o per?odo de desova. O sexto artigo descreve a estrat?gia reprodutiva de H. brasiliensis. O artigo de revis?o aborda o tema de determina??o da idade dos peixes tropicais atrav?s de ot?litos. As duas esp?cies utilizam o litoral de Cai?ara do Norte para fins reprodutivos. H. affinis migra das ?guas oce?nicas para as ?guas costeiras, coincidindo com o per?odo chuvoso. H. affinis apresenta desova total e a estrat?gia reprodutiva do tipo sazonal. Enquanto, H. brasiliensis vive e reproduz nas ?guas costeiras apresentando desova parcelada e uma estrat?gia reprodutiva do tipo de equil?brio

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LaisAAM_DISSERT.pdf: 1507276 bytes, checksum: 23b9ddf330fd173132cb924ee0fb4b51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-26 / As social animals, primates use different sensory modalities (acoustic, chemical, tactile and visual) to convey information about social and sexual status to conspecifics. Among these modalities, visual signals are widely used, especially color signals, since primates are the mammalian group that displays the greatest variety of colors in their skin and fur. Studies with Old World primate species suggest that hormonal variations are related to variations in the colors of individual faces and genitals. Therefore, chromatic cues can be used by conspecifics to identify the reproductive condition of an individual. To date, studies with the same approach are unknown for New World species. However, behavioral and physiological studies suggest that different New World primate species seem to perceive reproductive conditions such as the timing of female conception and gestation. Thus, in this study, our aim was to: i) identify whether there are chromatic cues on the skin of female common marmosets, (Callithrix jacchus) that indicate their reproductive condition; ii) define whether this chromatic variation can be perceived by all visual phenotypes known in this species; iii) identify if these chromatic cues can be perceived under different light intensity levels (dim, intermediate and high). For this, we selected 13 female common marmosets in four distinct reproductive conditions: pregnant female preceding parturition, postpartum mothers, noncycling and cycling females. The coloration of the skin in genital and thigh areas in females was measured using a spectrophotometer. Using mathematical models of visual perception, we calculated the values of quantum catch for each photoreceptor type known in this species, the visual opponency channels and color contrast between those body spots. Our results indicate the occurance of chromatic variations in the genital area during the weeks that precede and follow parturition, forming a U-pattern of variation perceptible to males and females in natural conditions of low and high luminosity. Furthermore, we observed distinct color patterns in the genital skin of pregnant and cycling females that indicate their reproductive conditions. Finally, we present evidence of color contrast in noncycling females that is higher than that of pregnant ones. This study suggests that there is a chromatic xii variation in the genital skin of females that can be perceived by conspecifics and that may be related to hormonal changes typical of pregnancy and the ovarian cycle / Como animais sociais, os primatas usam sinais de diferentes modalidades (ac?stico, qu?mico, t?til e visual) para transmitir informa??es sobre status social e sexual a membros da mesma esp?cie. Dentre essas modalidades, os sinais visuais s?o amplamente utilizados, especialmente os sinais de cor, uma vez que dentre os mam?feros, os primatas formam o grupo com maior variedade de cores em suas peles e pelos. Trabalhos com esp?cies de primatas do Velho Mundo sugerem que varia??es hormonais estejam relacionadas com varia??es crom?ticas vis?veis em ?reas genitais e faces de machos e f?meas. Desta forma, pistas crom?ticas podem ser usadas por coespec?ficos para identificar a condi??o reprodutiva de um indiv?duo. At? o momento, trabalhos com essa mesma abordagem em esp?cies do Novo Mundo s?o desconhecidos. Por?m, estudos comportamentais e fisiol?gicos sugerem que diferentes esp?cies de primatas do Novo Mundo parecem perceber caracter?sticas reprodutivas como o momento da concep??o e a fase da gesta??o em f?meas. Desta forma, neste trabalho buscamos: i) identificar se existem pistas crom?ticas na pele de f?meas de sagui comum (Callithrix jacchus) que indicam a condi??o reprodutiva; ii) determinar se essas pistas s?o percept?veis aos diferentes fen?tipos visuais encontrados na esp?cie; iii) identificar qual seria o efeito de diferentes condi??es de ilumina??o na detec??o dessa colora??o. Para isso, trabalhamos com 13 f?meas de sagui comum em quatro condi??es reprodutivas distintas: gestantes pr?-parto, gestantes p?s-parto, ovulat?rias e n?o ovulat?rias. A colora??o de ?reas da pele das f?meas foi mensurada utilizando um espectrofot?metro e, utilizando modelos matem?ticos de percep??o visual, calculamos os valores de capta??o qu?ntica para cada tipo de fotorreceptor presente na esp?cie, os canais de opon?ncia visual e o contraste crom?tico entre duas ?reas corp?reas. Esse trabalho mostra evid?ncias de varia??o no contraste crom?tico das peles da genit?lia e da coxa nas semanas que antecedem e sucedem o parto, formando um padr?o de varia??o em U percept?vel a machos e f?meas em condi??es naturais de baixa e alta luminosidade. Al?m disso, evidenciamos padr?es de colora??o distintos na regi?o da pele genital para f?meas gestantes que indicam uma sinaliza??o dessa condi??o reprodutiva. Por fim, apresentamos evid?ncias de que o contraste de cor em f?meas x ovulat?rias e n?o ovulat?rias ? superior ao de f?meas gestantes. Este estudo sugere que existe uma varia??o crom?tica na pele genital de f?meas, que essa varia??o ? percept?vel a coespec?ficos e que pode estar relacionada ?s altera??es hormonais acentuadas que ocorrem durante a gesta??o e o ciclo ovariano

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseTAXL_Parte 1.pdf: 5097640 bytes, checksum: 87d585113062c0aafaeaea6c8b1525d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-04 / The present study investigated the reproductive dynamics and parasitism of four species of marine fishes: serra Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus brasiliensis, Atlantic leatherjacks, Oligoplites saurus and O. palometa,, and Atlantic bumper, C. chrysurus, during the period of August, 2005 to July, 2007, in the coastal waters of Southwest Atlantic Ocean, Brazil. The collected fish samples were measured, weighed, dissected, the gonads were weighed and examined to separate the sex. The gonadosomatic index (GSI), fecundity, type of spawning, the breeding season, the macro and microscopic characterization of the gonads were determined. The ectoparasites from the branchial chambers and bucal cavity of the fish were collected, measured, weighed and identified. The sex ratio of the study fish species were approximately 1M:1F, however, there was a predominance of males of O. palometa (3M:2F). The GSI of fishes varied according to their reproductive cycle and the stage of gonadal maturation. The highest values of GSI and the spawning period coincided with the rainy period of the region. The females presented total spawning and the fecundity was positively correlated with the weight of the ovary and the body. Four stages of development of the gonads immature, maturing, mature and spent were identified macroscopically and histological analyses of ovaries revealed the different phases of oocyte development. Three species of isopod parasites were identified in the study fishes: Livoneca redmmanni, Rocinela signata and Cimothoa spinipalpa. The first two species occurred in the branchial cavities of C. chrysurus and S. brasiliensis. The isopod C.spinipalpa (a new species) was registered for the first time in the bucal cavity of O. saurus and O. palometa. The parasitic isopods preferred the branchial chambers and the bucal cavity of the host fishes as these were protected microhabitats. The isopods parasitized the immature, maturing and mature fishes. The prevalence of infection of isopods in the hosts varied from 16 to 21%, though in O. palometa it was 60%. In the rainy period the highest isopod parasitic occurrence was registered, however, this did not prejudice the normal reproductive cycle of the host fish. / O presente trabalho investigou a din?mica reprodutiva e parasit?ria de quatro esp?cies de peixes marinhos: serra, Scomberomorus brasiliensis, tibiros, Oligoplites saurus e O. palometa e palombeta, Chloroscombrus chrysurus, durante os messes de agosto de 2005 a julho de 2007, nas ?guas costeiras do Sudoeste do Oceano Atl?ntico, Brasil. Os peixes foram medidos, pesados, dissecados, as g?nadas pesadas e examinadas para separa??o do sexo. Foram avaliados o ?ndice gonadossom?tica (IGS), fecundidade, tipo e ?poca de desova e a caracteriza??o macro e microsc?pica do desenvolvimento das g?nadas dos peixes. Os ectoparasitos da c?mara branquial e cavidade bucal dos peixes foram coletados, medidos, pesados e identificados. A propor??o sexual dos peixes estudados foram aproximadamente 1M:1F, enquanto ocorreu um predom?nio de machos de O. palometa (3:2). Os peixes apresentaram IGS variando de acordo com seu ciclo reprodutivo e seu est?dio de matura??o gonadal. Os maiores valores de IGS e a ?poca reprodutiva coincidiram com per?odo das chuvas da regi?o. As f?meas apresentaram desova total e fecundidade com correla??o positiva para o peso das g?nadas e do corpo. Quatro est?dios de desenvolvimento das g?nadas foram identificados macroscopicamente: imaturo, em matura??o, maduros e esgotados, e os estudos microsc?picos mostraram o desenvolvimento ovocit?rio dentro de cada est?dio. Tr?s esp?cies de parasitos isopodos foram identificadas nas quatro esp?cies de peixes: Livoneca redmmanni, Rocinela signata e Cimothoa spinipalpa. As primeiras duas esp?cies ocorreram na cavidade branquial de C. chrysurus e S. brasiliensis. Parasitismo por isopodo C.spinipalpa, (uma esp?cie nova) foi registrado na cavidade bucal de O. saurus e O. palometa. O micro-h?bitat preferido pelos parasitos is?podos foram ? c?mara branquial e a cavidade bucal do hospedeiro, ?reas mais protegidas. Os isopodos parasitaram os peixes nos est?dios imaturo, em matura??o e maduros. A preval?ncia de infec??o de isopodos nos hospedeiros variou de 16 a 21%, enquanto que em O. palometa foi de 60%. No per?odo das chuvas foi registrada a maior ocorr?ncia de parasitismo por isopodos, porem, o parasitismo n?o prejudicou o ciclo reprodutivo normal dos hospedeiros.