Although rates of tuberculosis (TB) in much of the western world have steadily declined since the Second World War, this infectious disease remains a leading cause of death among those living in impoverished circumstances. Social science perspectives have argued that TB is as much a reflection of socio-economic inequality and the uneven distribution of power and resources as it is about biological processes. In this thesis I explore the lived experience of TB within the Somali refugee community in Auckland, New Zealand. While migrants and refugees are frequently blamed for the resurgence in TB in Western countries, very little is known about the determinants that underlie this manifestation of the disease. The present research addresses this gap in the literature by employing a transdisciplinary social science approach that considers the determinants of health and illness that range across the social, cultural economic and political domains of human experience. The geographical underpinnings of the work are borne out in the fundamental goal: to (literally and metaphorically) place the lived experience of health, disease (and particularly TB) within the Somali refugee community in the wider context of migration and resettlement. Employing qualitative methods I draw upon participants’ narratives to highlight the different ways in which Somali health beliefs and experiences have been shaped by wider structural forces. I demonstrate that within Auckland, Somalis encounter multiple and overlapping layers of disadvantage. The combined impacts of this disadvantage have a profound influence on their health and illness experience, particularly in terms of the development and ongoing occurrence of TB. Respondents with TB recounted widespread stigma that exacerbated the harm incurred by the illness itself. Although Somalis are highly marginalised, the thesis acknowledges the agency and creativity exerted by people in fashioning the course of their life within the context of considerable structural constraints.

Although rates of tuberculosis (TB) in much of the western world have steadily declined since the Second World War, this infectious disease remains a leading cause of death among those living in impoverished circumstances. Social science perspectives have argued that TB is as much a reflection of socio-economic inequality and the uneven distribution of power and resources as it is about biological processes. In this thesis I explore the lived experience of TB within the Somali refugee community in Auckland, New Zealand. While migrants and refugees are frequently blamed for the resurgence in TB in Western countries, very little is known about the determinants that underlie this manifestation of the disease. The present research addresses this gap in the literature by employing a transdisciplinary social science approach that considers the determinants of health and illness that range across the social, cultural economic and political domains of human experience. The geographical underpinnings of the work are borne out in the fundamental goal: to (literally and metaphorically) place the lived experience of health, disease (and particularly TB) within the Somali refugee community in the wider context of migration and resettlement. Employing qualitative methods I draw upon participants’ narratives to highlight the different ways in which Somali health beliefs and experiences have been shaped by wider structural forces. I demonstrate that within Auckland, Somalis encounter multiple and overlapping layers of disadvantage. The combined impacts of this disadvantage have a profound influence on their health and illness experience, particularly in terms of the development and ongoing occurrence of TB. Respondents with TB recounted widespread stigma that exacerbated the harm incurred by the illness itself. Although Somalis are highly marginalised, the thesis acknowledges the agency and creativity exerted by people in fashioning the course of their life within the context of considerable structural constraints.

Although rates of tuberculosis (TB) in much of the western world have steadily declined since the Second World War, this infectious disease remains a leading cause of death among those living in impoverished circumstances. Social science perspectives have argued that TB is as much a reflection of socio-economic inequality and the uneven distribution of power and resources as it is about biological processes. In this thesis I explore the lived experience of TB within the Somali refugee community in Auckland, New Zealand. While migrants and refugees are frequently blamed for the resurgence in TB in Western countries, very little is known about the determinants that underlie this manifestation of the disease. The present research addresses this gap in the literature by employing a transdisciplinary social science approach that considers the determinants of health and illness that range across the social, cultural economic and political domains of human experience. The geographical underpinnings of the work are borne out in the fundamental goal: to (literally and metaphorically) place the lived experience of health, disease (and particularly TB) within the Somali refugee community in the wider context of migration and resettlement. Employing qualitative methods I draw upon participants’ narratives to highlight the different ways in which Somali health beliefs and experiences have been shaped by wider structural forces. I demonstrate that within Auckland, Somalis encounter multiple and overlapping layers of disadvantage. The combined impacts of this disadvantage have a profound influence on their health and illness experience, particularly in terms of the development and ongoing occurrence of TB. Respondents with TB recounted widespread stigma that exacerbated the harm incurred by the illness itself. Although Somalis are highly marginalised, the thesis acknowledges the agency and creativity exerted by people in fashioning the course of their life within the context of considerable structural constraints.

Although rates of tuberculosis (TB) in much of the western world have steadily declined since the Second World War, this infectious disease remains a leading cause of death among those living in impoverished circumstances. Social science perspectives have argued that TB is as much a reflection of socio-economic inequality and the uneven distribution of power and resources as it is about biological processes. In this thesis I explore the lived experience of TB within the Somali refugee community in Auckland, New Zealand. While migrants and refugees are frequently blamed for the resurgence in TB in Western countries, very little is known about the determinants that underlie this manifestation of the disease. The present research addresses this gap in the literature by employing a transdisciplinary social science approach that considers the determinants of health and illness that range across the social, cultural economic and political domains of human experience. The geographical underpinnings of the work are borne out in the fundamental goal: to (literally and metaphorically) place the lived experience of health, disease (and particularly TB) within the Somali refugee community in the wider context of migration and resettlement. Employing qualitative methods I draw upon participants’ narratives to highlight the different ways in which Somali health beliefs and experiences have been shaped by wider structural forces. I demonstrate that within Auckland, Somalis encounter multiple and overlapping layers of disadvantage. The combined impacts of this disadvantage have a profound influence on their health and illness experience, particularly in terms of the development and ongoing occurrence of TB. Respondents with TB recounted widespread stigma that exacerbated the harm incurred by the illness itself. Although Somalis are highly marginalised, the thesis acknowledges the agency and creativity exerted by people in fashioning the course of their life within the context of considerable structural constraints.

Although rates of tuberculosis (TB) in much of the western world have steadily declined since the Second World War, this infectious disease remains a leading cause of death among those living in impoverished circumstances. Social science perspectives have argued that TB is as much a reflection of socio-economic inequality and the uneven distribution of power and resources as it is about biological processes. In this thesis I explore the lived experience of TB within the Somali refugee community in Auckland, New Zealand. While migrants and refugees are frequently blamed for the resurgence in TB in Western countries, very little is known about the determinants that underlie this manifestation of the disease. The present research addresses this gap in the literature by employing a transdisciplinary social science approach that considers the determinants of health and illness that range across the social, cultural economic and political domains of human experience. The geographical underpinnings of the work are borne out in the fundamental goal: to (literally and metaphorically) place the lived experience of health, disease (and particularly TB) within the Somali refugee community in the wider context of migration and resettlement. Employing qualitative methods I draw upon participants’ narratives to highlight the different ways in which Somali health beliefs and experiences have been shaped by wider structural forces. I demonstrate that within Auckland, Somalis encounter multiple and overlapping layers of disadvantage. The combined impacts of this disadvantage have a profound influence on their health and illness experience, particularly in terms of the development and ongoing occurrence of TB. Respondents with TB recounted widespread stigma that exacerbated the harm incurred by the illness itself. Although Somalis are highly marginalised, the thesis acknowledges the agency and creativity exerted by people in fashioning the course of their life within the context of considerable structural constraints.

This thesis uses the narratives of North Koreans living in South Korea (t'albungmin) to understand how they make sense of their positioning in South Korean society. Based on 21 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Seoul, this study attempts to illuminate the contradictory nature of citizenship for young t'albungmin living under the dictates of neoliberal humanitarian governance in contemporary South Korea. As a result of the specific geopolitical configuration of the Korean peninsula, there are contradictory perceptions of North Koreans as compatriots, victims, and enemies: perceptions both affecting and affected by the role of t'albungmin in South Korea's political economy. I consider citizenship a site of negotiation, influenced by South Korean modes of neoliberal humanitarian governance, which encourage t'albungmin to become autonomous, self-managed subjects at the same time as subjecting them to humanitarian reason which, conversely, rewards passivity and compliance. There is a further contradiction between their automatic entitlement to South Korean citizenship and the neoliberal imperative to demonstrate productivity and deservingness. In light of these contradictory imperatives, perceptions and discourses surrounding issues such as accent, deservingness, and responsibility come to take on significant explanatory power in the lives of young t'albungmin. In this context, South Korean policies and NGOs both discursively and practically construct t'albungmin as different and naturalise them as dependent, with this sense of unequal relations structuring their subsequent relations with South Koreans. I argue that this sense of differentiation reflects a particular mode of governance, which in turn illuminates the workings of citizenship in the South Korean context. I also consider the implications for t'albungmin when supporting them is conceptualised as a humanitarian act. While South Koreans portray their society as a 'community of value' in which t'albungmin are constructed as humanitarian subjects, this thesis illustrates how the narratives of t'albungmin contest this interpretation.

Esta pesquisa teve como ponto de partida inquietações suscitadas no trabalho como psicóloga em um serviço de Atenção Básica do Sistema Único de Saúde, quanto ao lugar deste profissional na atenção a moradores de uma comunidade em processo de reassentamento urbano. A remoção dos habitantes do território Vila Dique e seu reassentamento no conjunto habitacional Porto Novo, em região fronteiriça da cidade, é concomitante às reformas urbanas para receber a Copa do Mundo Fifa 2014 em Porto Alegre, capital do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa buscou visibilizar os modos de vida e experiências urbanas de jovens deste território, problematizando como essas experiências produzem seus territórios existenciais (subjetivação). Os principais orientadores metodológicos são as contribuições de Walter Benjamin, em especial no que concerne ao Método da Montagem, Narração, Flânerie. A pesquisa constituiu-se em um caleidoscópio de memórias, em que a escuta das narrativas dos jovens sobre suas experiências nos lugares de moradia somou-se às lembranças da pesquisadora no encontro com outros jovens em seu contexto de trabalho. Os participantes foram jovens entre 12 e 29 anos vinculados ao Projeto de Extensão Memórias da Vila Dique, parceria entre Faculdade de Educação/ Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e Unidade de Saúde Santíssima Trindade/ Grupo Hospitalar Conceição. A pesquisadora acompanhou as ações do Projeto em 2013: rodas de conversa e video realizado com os jovens sobre suas redes de sociabilidade, práticas culturais e a experiência de reassentamento. O registro foi feito em diários e também foram utilizadas transcrições de materiais colhidos no âmbito do Projeto. As narrativas que aqui apresentamos traduzem a multiplicidade de experiências dos jovens com seus territórios de moradia. A heterogeneidade da vida na Vila Dique/Porto Novo se expressa nos diferentes pontos de vista sobre espaços e situações que poderiam parecer ter sido vividas de modo semelhantes. Mesmo com a pluralidade de experiências descritas, todos os jovens conferem importância ao senso de coletividade, às ações dos moradores pró-comunidade, denotando sensação de pertencimento e identificação com a “causa” do grupo. As histórias compartilhadas, as memórias dos moradores mais antigos, que vão passando de geração em geração através da oralidade – e hoje ganham materialidade através do Projeto Memórias– são vetores que legitimam estes sentimentos, contribuindo para reforçar esta (ilusão de) identidade coletiva. Um efeito disso é a sensação de continuidade entre a Vila Dique e o Porto Novo que aparece nas falas dos jovens, em que a Dique ainda é referência (tanto positiva como negativa). Também foi possível verificar, nesse percurso de pesquisa, que para os jovens o território está intrinsecamente relacionado ao entorno e à cidade. As narrativas que aqui traçamos dizem, ainda, de um desejo de cidadania. Com as questões levantadas na pesquisa, buscamos trazer olhares sobre os jovens moradores de regiões de ocupação que não passem necessariamente pela precariedade e fragilidade decorrente da condição social (discurso corrente acerca dessa população). Interessa-nos contribuir com os estudos sobre juventude e práticas voltadas para esse público nos campos da Psicologia Social e Saúde Coletiva. / The starting point of this research are the concerns raised during my practice as a psychologist in a primary care service of the Public Health System, with people who live in a community in the urban resettlement process. The removal of the inhabitants of the territory Vila Dique and their resettlement in Porto Novo, located on the city´s border region is concomitant with urban reforms to host FIFA World Cup 2014 in Porto Alegre, capital of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The research presents the urban lifestyles and experiences of young people from this territory, questioning how these experiences produce their existential territories (subjectivity) . The main methodological guides used are the contributions of Walter Benjamin, in particular the Literary Montage method, Narration, Flânerie . The research was made up of a kaleidoscope of memories, in which listening to the youngsters´ narratives about their experiences in living places was added to the researcher´s memories while meeting other young people. The participants were young people between 12 and 29 linked to the Project “Memórias da Vila Dique” , a partnership between Faculdade de Educação/ Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and Unidade de Saúde Santíssima Trindade/ Grupo Hospitalar Conceição. The researcher followed the Project´s actions in 2013 : Groups and video performed with the youngsters about their social networks , cultural practices and resettlement experience. The recording was made in a journal and transcriptions of materials collected during the project were also used. The narratives presented here reflect the multiplicity of experiences of young people with their territory of residence. The heterogeneity of life in Vila Dique / Porto Novo is shown in different points of view about spaces and situations that could seem to be experienced in a similar way. Even with the plurality of experiences described, all participants give importance to the sense of community and the pro- community actions by residents, denoting sense of belonging and identification with the group´s "cause ". Shared stories and memories of older residents, ranging from generation to generation through oral tradition - and now through Project “Memórias” are vectors that legitimize these feelings , helping to reinforce the (illusion of) collective identity. One effect of this is the sense of continuity between Vila Dique and Porto Novo that can be noticed in the youngsters´ speech, in which Dique is still the reference (both positive and negative). It was also observed that for the youngsters, territory is intrinsically related to the neighborhood and the city. The narratives we bring here also express a wish of citizenship. The issues raised in the research seek to bring perspectives on youth living in areas of occupation that do not necessarily go through the precariousness and fragility due to their social status (current discourse among this population). This research intends to contribute to studies on youth and social practices in the fields of Social Psychology and Public Health.

abstract: This research examined the perceptions of refugees towards social entrepreneurship in Arizona through focus group discussions with 77 members of the refugee communities that have been organized under nine groups. Business experience, problem solving experience, conception of social entrepreneurship, examples, opportunities, support, and needs emerged as the themes of the study. Available opportunities as well as barriers for refugee social entrepreneurship based on the views of refugees in Arizona were explained. The difference between commercial entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship was highlighted and some examples of refugee social entrepreneurship described. Qualitative data analysis revealed that refugees in Arizona have entrepreneurial characteristics such as risk taking, hardworking, problem solving, and determination. They also have a good understanding of commercial entrepreneurship but very little understanding of social entrepreneurship. The findings underlined that social entrepreneurship can be used as a helpful strategy for self-sufficiency of refugees residing in Arizona. Given their life trajectories, refugees in Arizona have high potential to be social entrepreneurs with the right exposure and training. If supported adequately and planned appropriately, the refugee social entrepreneurship project can lead to self-sufficiency and faster integration of participating individuals to the mainstream society. The findings may spark interest among practitioners, policy makers, and scholars. It may redefine refugee social work practices as the passion of enterprising empowers refugees and helps them to discover self-confidence and rebrand their image. Policy makers may consider incorporating refugee social entrepreneurship in to the current self-sufficiency plan for refugee resettlement. Future research needs to investigate how refugee social entrepreneurs can be successful and focus on the measurement of their success. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Social Work 2015

abstract: The United States resettles more refugees each year than any country, yet little is known about the influence that the Refugee Resettlement Program has on our communities. Program evaluation in the United States is primarily concerned with outcomes and efficiency; while there has been an absence of collecting data to measure the impact that social programs have on communities. This study explores the impact of refugee resettlement on a metropolitan area by surveying professionals with experience working or volunteering with refugee populations. These professionals rate the extent to which they believe refugee resettlement influences social, economic, and environmental variables in the community, and explain the nature of the influence they believe the program has on the community. The data collected from these surveys will introduce the perceived impact of refugee resettlement from the perspective of those with professional experience in the area. By exploring the effects that the Refugee Resettlement Program has on Phoenix, this data can assist in the creation of community assessments for refugee resettlement and comparable social programs. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Social Work 2018

Esta pesquisa teve como ponto de partida inquietações suscitadas no trabalho como psicóloga em um serviço de Atenção Básica do Sistema Único de Saúde, quanto ao lugar deste profissional na atenção a moradores de uma comunidade em processo de reassentamento urbano. A remoção dos habitantes do território Vila Dique e seu reassentamento no conjunto habitacional Porto Novo, em região fronteiriça da cidade, é concomitante às reformas urbanas para receber a Copa do Mundo Fifa 2014 em Porto Alegre, capital do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa buscou visibilizar os modos de vida e experiências urbanas de jovens deste território, problematizando como essas experiências produzem seus territórios existenciais (subjetivação). Os principais orientadores metodológicos são as contribuições de Walter Benjamin, em especial no que concerne ao Método da Montagem, Narração, Flânerie. A pesquisa constituiu-se em um caleidoscópio de memórias, em que a escuta das narrativas dos jovens sobre suas experiências nos lugares de moradia somou-se às lembranças da pesquisadora no encontro com outros jovens em seu contexto de trabalho. Os participantes foram jovens entre 12 e 29 anos vinculados ao Projeto de Extensão Memórias da Vila Dique, parceria entre Faculdade de Educação/ Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e Unidade de Saúde Santíssima Trindade/ Grupo Hospitalar Conceição. A pesquisadora acompanhou as ações do Projeto em 2013: rodas de conversa e video realizado com os jovens sobre suas redes de sociabilidade, práticas culturais e a experiência de reassentamento. O registro foi feito em diários e também foram utilizadas transcrições de materiais colhidos no âmbito do Projeto. As narrativas que aqui apresentamos traduzem a multiplicidade de experiências dos jovens com seus territórios de moradia. A heterogeneidade da vida na Vila Dique/Porto Novo se expressa nos diferentes pontos de vista sobre espaços e situações que poderiam parecer ter sido vividas de modo semelhantes. Mesmo com a pluralidade de experiências descritas, todos os jovens conferem importância ao senso de coletividade, às ações dos moradores pró-comunidade, denotando sensação de pertencimento e identificação com a “causa” do grupo. As histórias compartilhadas, as memórias dos moradores mais antigos, que vão passando de geração em geração através da oralidade – e hoje ganham materialidade através do Projeto Memórias– são vetores que legitimam estes sentimentos, contribuindo para reforçar esta (ilusão de) identidade coletiva. Um efeito disso é a sensação de continuidade entre a Vila Dique e o Porto Novo que aparece nas falas dos jovens, em que a Dique ainda é referência (tanto positiva como negativa). Também foi possível verificar, nesse percurso de pesquisa, que para os jovens o território está intrinsecamente relacionado ao entorno e à cidade. As narrativas que aqui traçamos dizem, ainda, de um desejo de cidadania. Com as questões levantadas na pesquisa, buscamos trazer olhares sobre os jovens moradores de regiões de ocupação que não passem necessariamente pela precariedade e fragilidade decorrente da condição social (discurso corrente acerca dessa população). Interessa-nos contribuir com os estudos sobre juventude e práticas voltadas para esse público nos campos da Psicologia Social e Saúde Coletiva. / The starting point of this research are the concerns raised during my practice as a psychologist in a primary care service of the Public Health System, with people who live in a community in the urban resettlement process. The removal of the inhabitants of the territory Vila Dique and their resettlement in Porto Novo, located on the city´s border region is concomitant with urban reforms to host FIFA World Cup 2014 in Porto Alegre, capital of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The research presents the urban lifestyles and experiences of young people from this territory, questioning how these experiences produce their existential territories (subjectivity) . The main methodological guides used are the contributions of Walter Benjamin, in particular the Literary Montage method, Narration, Flânerie . The research was made up of a kaleidoscope of memories, in which listening to the youngsters´ narratives about their experiences in living places was added to the researcher´s memories while meeting other young people. The participants were young people between 12 and 29 linked to the Project “Memórias da Vila Dique” , a partnership between Faculdade de Educação/ Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and Unidade de Saúde Santíssima Trindade/ Grupo Hospitalar Conceição. The researcher followed the Project´s actions in 2013 : Groups and video performed with the youngsters about their social networks , cultural practices and resettlement experience. The recording was made in a journal and transcriptions of materials collected during the project were also used. The narratives presented here reflect the multiplicity of experiences of young people with their territory of residence. The heterogeneity of life in Vila Dique / Porto Novo is shown in different points of view about spaces and situations that could seem to be experienced in a similar way. Even with the plurality of experiences described, all participants give importance to the sense of community and the pro- community actions by residents, denoting sense of belonging and identification with the group´s "cause ". Shared stories and memories of older residents, ranging from generation to generation through oral tradition - and now through Project “Memórias” are vectors that legitimize these feelings , helping to reinforce the (illusion of) collective identity. One effect of this is the sense of continuity between Vila Dique and Porto Novo that can be noticed in the youngsters´ speech, in which Dique is still the reference (both positive and negative). It was also observed that for the youngsters, territory is intrinsically related to the neighborhood and the city. The narratives we bring here also express a wish of citizenship. The issues raised in the research seek to bring perspectives on youth living in areas of occupation that do not necessarily go through the precariousness and fragility due to their social status (current discourse among this population). This research intends to contribute to studies on youth and social practices in the fields of Social Psychology and Public Health.