Accumulative family risk factors can have a detrimental impact on young children's social emotional development and future school readiness. Identifying family risk and resilience factors can be a first step in linking families to needed services. Programs that serve families and children need a brief and valid screening tool that can quickly assess family strengths and needs. This study examined the validity and utility of the Environmental Screening Questionnaire (ESQ), a brief caregiver report of the family's situation. Participants included 324 parent/child (ages 3-60 months) dyads from a sample of programs that serve at-risk families (n = 72) and an online sample of caregivers (n = 252). Results from data analyses evaluating the validity and utility were promising. Validity was investigated by examining convergent validity using the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form. Caregivers from the online sample who had more family risk factors, as identified in the ESQ, were more likely to have elevated levels of stress (r = .23). Moreover, children from families with increased risk factors tended to have higher scores on the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional (ASQ:SE) for two age intervals, 6 and 48 months, for the online sample. Utility data were gathered from caregivers and program staff. Results suggest the ESQ is an effective and useful screening measure that can help professionals identify areas of resource need, organize referral information, and monitor family outcomes. Caregivers found the ESQ to be helpful in understanding personal areas of risk and how risk and resilience factors can affect children's social emotional development. This study assisted in developing preliminary "red flag" risk factors that may be useful to programs serving families and children. Testing of the "red flags" is discussed for future research. / 10000-01-01

Aims There is an increasing focus on factors associated with resilience in parents of children with disabilities. Two such resilience factors are hope and locus of control. This thesis aimed to review the existing literature on hope and its relationship to psychological outcomes, in parents of children who have a disability. A research study aimed to explore relationships between two resilience factors, hope and locus of control, and their links with knowledge of behavioural principles and challenging behaviour. Methods To address the first aim, a systematic review of the literature was conducted for hope (operationalised using Snyder’s model of hope). Nine online databases were systematically searched using a set of pre-defined criteria. Eligible papers were rated for quality using an established tool (SIGN, 2008) adapted for this review. Secondly, a cross-sectional research study sampled mothers of children with an intellectual disability (N=32) who completed four self-report measures online: State Hope for the Child Scale (based on the State Hope Scale), Parental Locus of Control Scale (child control and parental control subscales), Behavior Problems Inventory for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities – Short Form, and the Knowledge of Behavioural Principles Questionnaire (KBPQ), which was developed for the study. Results The systematic review identified 11 papers; three were rated as good quality, seven rated as fair quality and one rated as poor. Studies included participants whose children had a range of disabilities. Participants in the following groups were overrepresented: white, middle to high socio-economic status mothers, educated to college or graduate degree level and who self-selected to participate. For all studies, mean hope was higher than the median value for each scale used, suggesting the presence of hope in most parents. Hope was positively associated with a range of variables, such as, quality of life, and negatively associated others, including stress. There were differences in the interactions between hope components of agency and pathways, and psychological variables. There were also differences between how maternal and paternal hope related to psychological variables. The characteristics of those recruited to the research study mirrored those found in previous research. The majority of participants were married/cohabiting mothers, living in areas of higher socio-economic status, and caring for a child with a moderate or severe ID. In addition, there was a higher incidence of children with autism spectrum disorder in this sample. Mothers reported feeling hopeful, although they experienced a range of challenging behaviours (mean 14.6 behaviours per child). Due to poor psychometric properties of the KBPQ, data was not included in the analysis; however, some areas of strength and weakness in knowledge were evident. Correlational analysis showed that higher levels of resilience factors were associated with lower levels of self-injurious and aggressive/destructive behaviour. Stereotyped behaviour was not associated with either hope or locus of control. In contrast to previous research, higher hope was associated with a more external locus of control for the child control subscale. Conclusions and implications Hope is an established resilience factor in the general population. Findings from both the systematic review and research study suggest that hope is present in parents and caregivers of children with a disability. The systematic review demonstrated consistent adaptive relationships between hope and psychological variables. This highlights hope’s role as a resilience factor in parents of children with a disability. The research study added to the literature on how maternal hope and locus of control inter-relate in this population. Generalisability of study results was limited by sample size, population characteristics and by scales used. However, overall findings suggest that it would be beneficial to consider resilience factors when planning and evaluating interventions and research. Furthermore, examining specific aetiologies of disability, such as ASD, might also clarify whether these affect the relationships between hope and other psychological variables.

Après avoir analysé au travers d'une recherche exploratoire et clinique, certains des facteurs de protection mis en jeu lors d'un traumatisme, une investigation approfondie de la littérature internationale a été menée afin de mettre en évidence la pertinence d'un instrument permettant d'appréhender la présence d'un panel plus large de facteurs de résilience. Face auxlimites des outils psychométriques actuels et en vue de les pallier, une échelle de mesure a été élaborée. Ainsi, cette thèse sur travaux rapporte les étapes de développement et de validation d'un outil construit afin d'évaluer les facteurs de protection concourant à la résilience. Une analyse factorielle exploratoire des données a été conduite auprès de 299 participants francophones dans le but d'éprouver la structure de l'I.F.R-40 (Inventaire des Facteurs de Résilience). La validité convergente, la stabilité temporelle de même que la cohérence interne de l'outil ont fait l'objet d'une évaluation. Les résultats obtenus soutiennent une structure en trois dimensions (facteurs de protection personnels, familiaux et extra-Familiaux) et appuient la validité ainsi que la fidélité de l'I.F.R-40. D'autres analyses ont également été menées afin devalider la structure factorielle de l'Inventaire des Facteurs de Résilience (I.F.R-40) au moyen d'une A.F.C (Analyse Factorielle Confirmatoire). Les analyses réalisées confirment la présence de trois facteurs, interprétés en termes de facteurs de protection familiaux, facteurs de protection individuels et facteurs de protection extrafamiliaux. L'étude de la validité divergente confirme les liens prédits entre l'I.F.R-40 et l'échelle composite de dépression de Berndt et Kaiser (1999). Enfin, l'I.F.R-40 différencie les adolescents exposés à un traumatisme présentant des scores de dépression à la MDI-C de ceux ne manifestant pas de dépression. Ainsi, l'I.F.R-40 est une échelle tridimensionnelle présentant des propriétés psychométriques satisfaisantes. Les résultats sont discutés à la lumière de leurs implications à la fois théoriques et pratiques. / After having analysed through an exploratory and clinical research, some protection factors playing a part after a traumatism, an in-Depth investigation of international literature was conducted in order to bring to light the relevance of an instrument enabling to comprehend the presence of a larger set of resilience factors. Confronted with the limits of actual psychometric tools and in order to overcome them, a measurement scale has been worked out. Thus, this thesis reports the development and validation steps of a tool constructed with the aim of evaluating the protection factors working together towards resilience. An exploratory factorial data analysis was conducted on 299 French-Speaking participants to test the structure of the I.R.F-40 (Inventory of Resilience Factors). The convergent validity, the temporal stability as well as the internal consistency of the tool have been assessed. The results obtained approve of the three dimension structure (personal, familial and extra-Familial protection factors) and support the validity as well as the reliability of the I.R.F-40. Other analyses have also been conducted in order to validate the factorial structure of the Inventory of Resilience Factors (I.R.F-40) thanks to C.F.A (Confirmatory Factorial Analysis). The analyses conducted confirm the presence of three factors, interpretedin terms of familial protection factors, individual protection factors and extra-Familial protection factors. The study of the divergent validity confirms the predicted links between the I.R.F-40 and Berndt and Kaiser’s composite depression scale (1999). Finally, the I.R.F-40 differentiates the adolescents exposed to a traumatism and who have depression scores atMDI-C to those who experience no depression. Therefore, the I.R.F-40 is a three dimension scale presenting satisfactory psychometric properties. The results are discussed in the light of both their theoretical and practical implications.

People with disabilities are likely to experience difficulties overcoming the impact of natural disasters. Few scholars have focused on this population's ability to recover and handle stress following a natural disaster. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and describe coping strategies and resilience factors that people with physical or mental disabilities used in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. Resilience theory was used as the theoretical framework. Through face-to-face interviews, 10 persons with disabilities shared their experiences of coping and resilience. A lens of interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to identify emergent themes related to persons with disabilities' experiences of overcoming challenges and sustaining wellbeing in the aftermath of this natural disaster. According to study results, religion, recreation, and relaxation techniques were the main coping strategies used, and self-determination and independent skills were resilience factors that helped persons with disabilities remain positive and overcome challenges following the hurricane. Participants reported experiencing emotional reactions and identified the dislocation as the greatest stressor. The findings of this study have the potential to effect positive social change by informing stakeholders such as policymakers, community, and state agencies, and related professionals to help them recognize and address the health and psychological needs of persons with disabilities following a hurricane. Knowing which coping strategies and resilience factors persons with disabilities use to create awareness of the positive ways in which persons with disabilities manage the aftermath of this natural disaster.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第23316号 / 情博第752号 / 新制||情||128(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 多々納 裕一, 教授 畑山 満則, 准教授 大西 正光 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DGAM

People with disabilities are likely to experience difficulties overcoming the impact of natural disasters. Few scholars have focused on this population's ability to recover and handle stress following a natural disaster. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and describe coping strategies and resilience factors that people with physical or mental disabilities used in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. Resilience theory was used as the theoretical framework. Through face-to-face interviews, 10 persons with disabilities shared their experiences of coping and resilience. A lens of interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to identify emergent themes related to persons with disabilities' experiences of overcoming challenges and sustaining wellbeing in the aftermath of this natural disaster. According to study results, religion, recreation, and relaxation techniques were the main coping strategies used, and self-determination and independent skills were resilience factors that helped persons with disabilities remain positive and overcome challenges following the hurricane. Participants reported experiencing emotional reactions and identified the dislocation as the greatest stressor. The findings of this study have the potential to effect positive social change by informing stakeholders such as policymakers, community, and state agencies, and related professionals to help them recognize and address the health and psychological needs of persons with disabilities following a hurricane. Knowing which coping strategies and resilience factors persons with disabilities use to create awareness of the positive ways in which persons with disabilities manage the aftermath of this natural disaster.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Climate change poses a major threat to both the well-being of people and the environment. Subsistence farmers are particularly affected because they rely on local supply systems that are sensitive to climate variation. The aim of the study was to explore psychological resilience factors associated with climate change adaptation by subsistence farmers in a rural farming community in Maruleng Municipality in Limpopo Province (South Africa). The objectives of the study were to: investigate subsistence farmers' notions of climate change and adaptation; determine the psychological resilience factors influencing the farmers’ adaptation the climate change; determine strategies that the farmers use to cope with climate change; and, based on the farmers’ notions of climate change and adaptation, and the associated resilience factors, develop a psychological explanatory model on climate change adaptation by subsistence farmers. Data were collected through direct interactions with participants using a grounded theory research design. An open-ended interview guide was used to collect data with a sample of 15 participants selected through theoretical sampling within the Maruleng Municipality. The research findings indicate that farmers have limited conceptual knowledge relating to climate change and its causes. The results further indicated that participants have become resilient to climate change through mitigation strategies including mulching, adaptive irrigation techniques and being innovative. From a psychological perspective, the subsistence farmers’ resilience factors that emerged included passion for farming, hope, enthusiasm, courage, acceptance or tolerance, livelihood and a coherent belief system. Based on the findings of the study, a psychological explanatory model in climate change adaptation by subsistence farmers was developed. The explanatory model suggests that resilience factors are influenced by notions and adaptations of climate change. The study is concluded by, among others, recommending that counseling services be made available to farmers to help them deal with the stress associated with the negative impact of climate change.

The main aim of this study was to attempt to determine which factors that contribute to resilience are absent in adolescents who are considered to be ”at risk”. The research was undertaken with white adolescent learners between Grades 8 and 12, in a former Model-C secondary school. Several definitions of resilience, a historical view of resilience, the characteristics of a resilient adolescent, several definitions of adolescence, the stages and tasks of adolescence and who the adolescent is in psycho-educational terms, were explored. In this qualitative study, the Vulnerability Questionnaire and the Resilience Questionnaire were given to twelve educators who were requested to select the participants for the study. A qualitative assessment, using the Child and Youth Resilience Measure, was used to determine why certain adolescents are more resilient than others. Each participant also completed a collage which was analysed. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)

The main aim of this study was to attempt to determine which factors that contribute to resilience are absent in adolescents who are considered to be ”at risk”. The research was undertaken with white adolescent learners between Grades 8 and 12, in a former Model-C secondary school. Several definitions of resilience, a historical view of resilience, the characteristics of a resilient adolescent, several definitions of adolescence, the stages and tasks of adolescence and who the adolescent is in psycho-educational terms, were explored. In this qualitative study, the Vulnerability Questionnaire and the Resilience Questionnaire were given to twelve educators who were requested to select the participants for the study. A qualitative assessment, using the Child and Youth Resilience Measure, was used to determine why certain adolescents are more resilient than others. Each participant also completed a collage which was analysed. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)

The purpose of this study was to develop a way of identifying resilient and non-resilient middle-adolescent learners, by means of an instrument or otherwise, in a former Model C-school. The research paradigm is pragmatism and a methodology of mixed methods was used. A questionnaire was developed and qualitative interviews were conducted to verify the results of the questionnaire. The theoretical framework of resilience as well as the developmental phase of middle-adolescence were studied. After conducting a pilot study, the necessary changes were made and an experimental version of the questionnaire was compiled on the basis of Kumpfer’s Transactional Model. This framework includes both processes and outcomes and six main constructs were specified, viz. stressors or challenges, the environmental context, person-environment-transactional process, internal resilience factors, resilience processes and outcomes or means of reintegration. Focus was placed on internal resilience factors. The “Veerkragtigheidsvraelys vir Middel-adolessente (toets)” (VVM-A(t)) (Resilience Questionnaire for Middleadolescents (test)), was compiled consisting of forty two self-evaluation questions using a continuum scale. This self-evaluation scale gives the respondent the opportunity to respond on a continuum line between not like me at all and exactly like me. The place of research, a secondary school in an area reflecting the diversity of the South-African population, was selected by means of convenience sampling and all the grade 8 and 9 learners (294 participants) completed the VVM-A(t). Two factors were identified by means of factor analysis viz. internal locus of control and external locus of control. The VVM-A, consisting of 22 items, was finalised from these results and the participants’ scores were recalculated for the selected items. Interviews for the purpose of verification or rejection of the VVM-A were conducted with twelve participants, four from the group with high scores, four from the group with low scores and four learners that grouped near the median. The in-depth interviews confirmed the results on the VVM-A. This instrument can therefore be regarded as valid and reliable to identify the resilient and non-resilient middle-adolescent learner. / Dissertation (MEd (Educational Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted