This thesis investigates the impedance of acoustic liners, to attenuate noise originating from jet engines and enable compliance with international standards and regulations regarding noise from airplane jet engines. Experimental tests of two supplied liners were conducted in an impedance tube; one liner with known and predictable properties, and one liner with unknown properties. The tests included tonal excitations in the formats of stepped sine and random noise with frequencies within set boundaries. After post-processing of the captured data, the desired impedance could be analysed in terms of excitated frequencies and sound pressure levels. The conclusions from this project are that both of the liners deviated from their expected behavior, which was that liner 1 should have been unaffected by the alternated sound pressure levels, and liner 3 should have shown bigger affection due to the changed sound pressure level. Since the results were different than expected, there might have been minor sources of error during the measurements. It could be investigated if there is leakage from the mounting of the liners, or if the 3D printing resolution is sufficient. Because of limitations in time, there is more left in this project to investigate. Therefore, conducting similar studies where more frequencies, sound pressure levels, and multi-tonal measurements can be included, is suggested as future work.

The thesis deals with the microstrip filter design using defected ground structure (DGS). The difference between standard asymmetric microstrip technique and DGS is in using the structures etched in the microwave substrate ground plane. The DGS resonant characteristics are then used in filter design. The thesis consists of three factual parts. The first one (chapter 4) introduces the use of the DGS resonators in the lowpass filter design. It involves experimental analysis of one type of the lowpass filter. The second part (chapter 5) deals with a novel microstrip lowpass filter design method using DGS. The proposed method is verified by simulations and several samples are realized and measured. Finally, the third part (chapters 7 and 8) deals with the bandpass filter design using specific defected ground structure as a resonator. The resonators are used in a coupled resonator structure. Filters of various orders and resonator configurations are designed and simulated. A combination of the DGS resonators and half-wavelength microstrip resonators is introduced as well. Selected samples are realized and measurement results are compared with simulations.

Excessive fluid-borne noise in hydraulic systems is a problem the fluid power industry has long struggled to address. Traditional noise control devices such as Helmholtz resonators, tuning coils, and Herschel-Quincke tubes are generally too large for fluid power systems unless the speed of sound in the device can be reduced. A compliant lining can achieve this effect, but compliance (and lossy compliance) has had little attention in noise control in general, and in fluid power in particular. One means to achieve compliance in these devices, especially at elevated pressures, is through a liner made of syntactic foam, which in this case is a urethane host matrix with embedded hollow, polymer microspheres. The material properties at elevated pressure are unknown by the liner manufacturer, but are known to be pressure- and temperature-dependent. Therefore, the effect of hydrostatic pressures from 2.1-21 MPa and temperatures from 20-45 C on the liner properties, thus the device performance, are studied. For a Helmholtz resonator, a theoretical model is fit to experimentally-measured transmission loss of the device using a least-squares routine, which solves the inverse problem for the complex bulk modulus of the liner. These material properties are used to compare a predictive model of a tuning coil to experimental data, and in a parameter study of a Herschel-Quincke tube. The compliance of the liner is found to lower the effective sound speed by an order of magnitude and decrease the volume of the cavity of a Helmholtz resonator by up to two orders of magnitude. This work is expected to result is more compact noise control devices for fluid power systems.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / In this paper design and development of a PC- Based S- Band Down Converter/ FM Telemetry Receiver are discussed. With the advent of Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) & Phase Locked Loop (PLL) technology, availability of GaAs & Silicon MMICs, Coaxial Resonator Oscillator (CRO), SAW Oscillator, SAW Filters and Ceramic Filters, realisation of single card PC- Based Down Converter and Telemetry Receiver has become a reality. With the availability of Direct Digital Synthesis and Phase Locked Loop devices having microprocessor bus compatibility, opens up many application in Telemetry and Telecommunications. In this paper design of local oscillator based on hybrid DDS & PLL technique, Coaxial Resonator Oscillator and Front-end are discussed in detail.

Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Due to a more densely packed frequency spectrum, there is an increasing demand for narrow band filters with asymmetrical transfer function characteristics. The resulting coupling matrices contain both positive and negative couplings, cross couplings and individual resonator frequency offsets.

Sensitive nonlinear acoustic methods are suitable for material characterization. This thesis describes three nonlinear acoustic methods that are proven useful for detection of defects like cracks and delaminations in solids. They offer the possibility to use relatively low frequencies which is advantageous because attenuation and diffraction effects are smaller for low frequencies. Therefore large and multi-layered complete objects can be investigated in about one second. Sometimes the position of the damage is required. But it is in general difficult to limit the geometrical extent of low-frequency acoustic waves. A technique is presented that constrains the wave field to a localized trapped mode so that damage can be located.

Les systèmes de télécommunications requièrent de plus en plus l’utilisation des composants passifs hyperfréquences. La commercialisation de ces composants nécessite la miniaturisation de leurs tailles, l’augmentation de leurs performances et la réduction de leurs coûts. Parmi ces composants passifs, nous citons le coupleur directionnel qui est un quadripôle destiné à répartir la puissance sur deux ports de sortie, le quatrième port reste isolé. Les travaux relatés dans ce manuscrit ont pour objectifs la conception et la réalisation d’un coupleur à accès coplanaires obtenu à partir d’un résonateur auquel nous avons appliqué des lignes de couplage. Un modèle équivalent approché a été mis en évidence par un logiciel de simulation circuit. Une étude paramétrique a été réalisée à l’aide d’un logiciel électromagnétique 3D pour fixer une règle de conception qui permet un dimensionnement convenable du composant pour un intervalle de fréquences prédéfinies. Un fonctionnement bi-bandes a été exploité pour chaque raccordement de la fréquence. Une deuxième structure de couplage a été déduite en reliant directement les lignes couplées sur le résonateur. Une étude paramétrique ainsi qu’une règle de conception ont mis en évidence un fonctionnement de coupleur mono-bande de cette structure à des fréquences prédéfinies. Une troisième structure qui fonctionne en coupleur a été exploitée en remplaçant le filtre résonateur par deux circuits en méandres. Ce nouveau coupleur à méandres présente des bandes passantes assez larges ainsi qu’un fonctionnement possible en bi-bandes. Ces coupleurs mis en œuvre peuvent assurer un couplage de l’ordre de 3 ; 6 ; 8 et 10 dB et d’un déphasage entre les deux ports de sortie de 180° pour les deux premières structures et de 90° pour le coupleur à méandres. Plusieurs séries de prototypes sont ensuite fabriquées à partir des structures optimisées en simulation. Les caractérisations hyperfréquences de ces composants montrent la performance des dispositifs réalisés / Telecommunications systems require more use of passive microwave components. The commercialization of these components requires the miniaturization of their size, increasing their performance and the reduction of their costs. Among these passive components we cited the directional coupler which is designated to spread the power between two outputs, the fourth port being isolated. The ambition of this work is to study and fabricate a coupler with coplanar access obtained from a resonator where we applied coupling lines. An equivalent approximate model was obtained using circuit simulation software. A parametric study was made using 3D electromagnetic software to fix a design rule that allows a suitable design for the component in a predefined frequency range. Dual-band operation has been exploited for each frequency. A second coupling structure was deduced by directly connecting the coupled lines to the resonator. A parametric study and a design rule have shown the operation of this structure as a single band coupler at predefined frequencies. A third structure which operates like a coupler has been exploited by replacing the resonator filter by two meandering circuits. This new meandering coupler presents a wide bandwidth and a possible operating in dual-band. These implemented couplers provided a coupling factor of 3, 6, 8 and 10 dB and a phase shift between the two output ports of 180° for the two first structures and a 90° phase shifter for the meandering coupler. Several sets of prototypes are then made. The microwave characterizations show the performance of the fabricated device

La supraconductivité induite par effet de proximité dans du graphène CVD macroscopique décoré de nanoparticules d'étain (G/Sn) est le thème central de cette thèse. Dans ce manuscrit, deux projets expérimentaux sont présentés. Le premier de ces projets a consisté à développer et étudier un nouveau matériau manipulable et flexible au sein duquel les corrélations supraconductrices s'étendent à des échelles macroscopiques. Ce matériau est un film composite qui résulte de l'empilement de trois ingrédients originaux: un film fin de parylène d'une épaisseur de quelques micromètres, une monocouche de graphène de plusieurs centimètres carrés et un film discontinu métallique obtenu par démouillage naturel de l'étain en surface du graphène.Des mesures de transport à basses températures ont permis de mettre en évidence l'émergence d'un effet de supraconductivité induite à l'échelle macroscopique. Le courant critique de la transition supraconductrice des films composites a pu être contrôlé par une tension de grille avec une sensibilité de cent nanoampères par volt. Le comportement sous champ magnétique transverse des films composites est similaire à celui des supraconducteurs comportant des joints de grains et est caractérisé, en particulier sous faible champ magnétique, par une forte sensibilité de la transition supraconductrice. Une étude approfondie a enfin montré que le matériau hybride G/Sn est un système percolant bidimensionnel qui se comporte, à l'approche de la transition supraconductrice, comme une jonction unique de taille micrométrique.Dans le cadre du second projet, des cavités supraconductrices radiofréquences (RF) ont été développées. Des pistes G/Sn ont été intégrées à ces circuits supraconducteurs dans l'optique de créer des résonateurs dont la fréquence de résonance est contrôlable par une tension de grille. Un procédé d'intégration de pistes G/Sn conjointement à plusieurs cavités à partir d'un seul transfert (pleine plaque) de graphène a été mis au point. Des mesures en transmission dans des conditions cryogéniques ont été effectuées pour caractériser ces dispositifs hybrides et étudier leur comportement dans le domaine RF. / Superconducting proximity effect in macroscopic CVD-grown graphene decorated by tin nanoparticles is the central topic of this thesis. In this manuscript, two experimental projects are presented.The first of these projects consisted in developing and studying a new easy to handle and flexible material in which superconducting correlations extend over macroscopic scales. This material is a composite film made from the stacking of three original components: a few micrometers thin plastic film in parylene, a several centimeters squares layer of graphene, and a cluster of nanoparticles achieved by natural dewetting of tin on the graphene surface.Cryogenic transport measurements highlighted an induced superconductivity on the scale of the studied composite films pieces dimensions, of the order of the centimetre square. The superconducting critical current of the composite films showed gate tunability of about one hundred nanoamperes by volt. The behaviour of the composite films under a transverse magnetic field is similar to the one of granular superconductors and is characterised, especially under weak transverse magnetic field, by a high sensitivity of the superconducting transition. An in-depth study showed that the G/Sn hybrid material is a bidimensional percolating system that, when approaching the superconducting transition, behaves like a single mesoscopic Josephson junction.Within the framework of the second project, superconducting radiofrequency (RF) cavities have been developed. G/Sn patches have been integrated into these superconducting circuits in order to build gate tunable resonators. A process allowing to integrate G/Sn patches jointly to a series of several cavities from a single graphene transfer have been developed. Transmission measurements in cryogenic conditions have been performed to characterise these hybrid devices and to study their radiofrequency response.

Ce travail de thèse porte sur la conception et la réalisation de capteurs optiques ultracompacts et sensibles utilisant le mode d’interrogation en intensité pour la détection d’analytes chimiques et biologiques. Deux approches, l’intégration hybride et l’intégration monolithique, ont été explorées durant cette thèse. Après un descriptif des outils d’analyse et de conception de guides d’onde et de micro résonateurs en anneaux, le manuscrit présente l’intégration hybride d’un laser Fabry-Perot en semiconducteur III-V avec un résonateur en anneau basé sur du matériau SOI. Le laser Fabry-Perot à faible coût fonctionnant en multimode longitudinal a été utilisé comme peigne de référence pour le résonateur en anneau en contact avec un échantillon liquide. L’effet Vernier a été implanté dans le système de détection en utilisant le mode d’interrogation en intensité. La largeur spectrale étroite du laser avec sa densité de puissance élevée ont permis d’obtenir un capteur de plus haute sensitivité en comparaison avec le capteur en double anneaux réalisé précédemment. Une étude numérique d’un capteur composé d’un laser Fabry-Perot et deux résonateurs en anneaux permettant de compenser la fluctuation de température a été ensuite présentée. Concernant l'intégration monolithique, l'interface entre oxyde et non-oxyde après l’oxydation de AlGaAs a été étudiée au Central de Technologies du LPN/CNRS. Un phénomène d’oxydation verticale de GaAs ou AlGaAs avec une faible teneur en aluminium activée par une couche voisine oxydée de AlGaAs avec une forte teneur en aluminium a été identifié expérimentalement. Afin de limiter l’oxydation verticale et de réduire la rugosité des interfaces, des guides d’onde basés respectivement sur une structure intégrant un super-réseau et sur une structure standard ont été fabriqués et caractérisés. L’impact de l'hydrogène sur l'activation du processus d'oxydation de GaAs ou AlGaAs avec une faible teneur en Al a été mis en évidence. Enfin, ce manuscrit décrit la réalisation et la caractérisation d’un laser Fabry-Perot fonctionnant en mode TM. Ce laser constitue une brique important vers l’intégration monolithique d’un capteur extrêmement sensible. / The objective of the thesis is to realize the integrated optical sensors with high sensitivity using intensity interrogation method for chemical and biological analyte detection. For this purpose, two approaches, hybrid integration and monolithic integration, have been explored theoretically and experimentally during this thesis. After a review of the design and analysis tools of optical waveguide and micro-ring resonators, the manuscript reports an experimental demonstration of a highly-sensitive intensity-interrogated optical sensor based on cascaded III-V semiconductor Fabry-Perot laser and silicon-on-insulator ring resonator. The low-cost easy-to-fabricate Fabry-Perot laser serves as a reference comb for the sensing ring in contact with liquid sample. The Vernier effet has been exploited in the detection scheme using intensity interrogation mode. The sharp emission peaks of the FP laser with high spectral power density result in a high sensitivity for the sensor compared to previously investigated all-passive double-ring sensor. The temperature compensation method has also been investigated numerically to improve the performance of the sensor. Concerning the potential monolithic integration of laser and sensing waveguide, the interface between oxide and non-oxide after wet oxidation of buried AlGaAs has been investigated at the Technology Centre of LPN/CNRS. The vertical oxidation of GaAs or AlGaAs with low Al content activated by a neighbouring oxidized Al-rich AlGaAs layer has been discovered experimentally. To limit the vertical oxidation and reduce the roughness of the interface, the waveguides with buried oxide layer on superlattice sample and standard sample have been fabricated and characterised. The key role of hydrogen incorporation in the activation of the oxidation process for GaAs or AlGaAs materials with low Al content has been shown experimentally. Finally, this thesis reports the fabrication and the characterisation results of a Fabry-Perot laser working on TM mode which is an important building block for highly-sensitive monolithically-integrated circuit.

"Photonic crystals have recently been the subject of studies for use in optical signal processing. In particular, a Coupled Resonator Optical Waveguide (CROW) structure has been considered by M. F. Yanik and S. Fan in “Stopping Light All Optically” for use in a time-varying optical system for the storage of light in order to mitigate the effects of waveguide dispersion. In this thesis, the effects of the thermal field on the state stored in such a structure is studied. Through simulation, this thesis finds that when this structure is constructed of gallium arsenide cylinders in air, loss of the signal was found to be caused by free-carrier absorption, and the decay of the signal dominates over thermal spreading of the optical signal’s spectrum."