Objetivos: este estudo se propôs avaliar a correlação entre atividade do músculo masseter e alteração óssea mandibular, posterior ao último implante, um ano após a reabilitação com próteses implantossuportadas, em pacientes com fissura labiopalatina já reparada. Material e Método: As alterações dimensionais ósseas foram medidas em radiografias panorâmicas digitalizadas realizadas antes e um ano após a reabilitação de dezessete pacientes. A eletromiografia dos músculos masseteres foi realizada durante a contração voluntária isométrica máxima (CVIM) por 5s, mastigação habitual de cenoura (MH), mastigação unilateral direita (MUD) e esquerda (MUE) de látex. Resultados: ocorreu aumento ósseo significativo na mandíbula de 1,98mm (p<0,001) para o tipo de prótese inferior overdenture implantossuportada. O lado direito é maior que o esquerdo em 0,9mm. Um significante aumento da amplitude para a MH (9V) e para a MUE (19V) foi observado, independente do tipo de prótese. Um aumento significante para a MUE (19V) foi observado para a prótese overdenture. Ocorreu um aumento estatisticamente significante para o ato mastigatório durante os três tipos de mastigação (MH=0,13s, MUD=0,06s, MUE=0,12s), independente do tipo de prótese. Para o ciclo mastigatório também foi observado aumento estatisticamente significante, independente do tipo de prótese durante a MH (0,12s) e MUE (0,11s). Conclusão: Ocorreu aposição óssea na região posterior da mandíbula para a prótese overdenture e apesar do aumento da atividade muscular, não foi encontrada correlação estatisticamente significante com a atividade muscular do masseter. / Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between masseter muscle activity and changes occurred in mandibular bone height, posterior to the last implant, one year after implant-supported prosthesis rehabilitation in repared cleft lip and palate patients. Materials and Methods: changes in mandibular bone height were measured in digitalized images of panoramic radiographies taken before and one year after oral rehabilitation of seventeen repared cleft lip and palate patients (Radiocef 2 Radiomemory). Parameters for electromyography of masseter muscle were: maximum voluntary isometric clench (MVC) for 5s, habitual chewing of carrots (HC) and unilateral right (URL) and left (ULL) chewing of latex. Results: a mean increase in mandibular bone height of 1,98mm (p<0,001) for the implant retained overdenture was observed. Bone apposition was higher in the right side. Significant increase in the amplitude was observed during HC (9V) and during ULL (19 V), regardless prosthesis type and side. A significant increase was observed during URL (19 V) for the implant retained overdenture. A significant statistical increase for the masticatory act was observed during the three types of mastication (HC=0,13s, URL=0,06s, ULL=0,12s), regardless prosthesis types. A significant statistical increase was observed for the masticatory cycle during HC (0,12s) and ULL (0,11s), regardless prosthesis type. Conclusion: Mandibular bone apposition in the posterior region to the last implant, in patients using implant retained overdentures and improvement in muscular activity in both types of prosthesis were observed, although no significant correlations were encountered between them.

Orientadores: Darcy Flavio Nouer, Alexandre Augusto Zaia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T13:09:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdrighi_HeloisaCristina_M.pdf: 2289569 bytes, checksum: bcde01911735e0d26e087dee77c34794 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar, radiograficamente, a média e a freqüência da reabsorção radicular externa apical, correlacionando com a movimentação ortodôntica, bem como avaliar a presença de dimorfismo sexual, em 100 incisivos centrais superiores, de 50 pacientes, sendo 25 do sexo masculino e 25 do sexo feminino, leucodermas, portadores de maloclusão Classe II, divisão I de Angle. Os pacientes foram tratados pela técnica de Edgewise, Filosofia de Tweed, e todos os tratamentos envolveram extrações dos primeiros pré-molares. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados: a) teste t de Student; b) teste de regressão linear; c) coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e d) estatística das ordens assinaladas. Concluiu-se, frente os resultados obtidos, que: 1. A freqüência da reabsorção radicular externa apical nas classes de 1 a 2mm e 2 a 3 mm foi 46% e 44%, respectivamente, representando 90% do experimento; 2. A média de reabsorção radicular externa apical no sexo feminino foi de 2,19mm e no sexo masculino de 1,83mm, sendo verificada, portanto, a presença de dimorfismo sexual; 3. Os movimentos de retração e intrusão predispõem mais a reabsorção radicular externa apical do que o movimento de torque, embora todos tenham sido estatisticamente significantes. 4. A reabsorção radicular verificada neste estudo não comprometeu a estabilidade e longevidade dos dentes analisados, sendo clinicamente irrelevante / Abstract: This present study analysed, by lateral cephalograms and periapical x-ray films, the average and frequency of external apical root resorption, correlationing to orthodontic movement, as well as avalue the sexual dimorphism, in 100 upper central incisors, of 50 patients (25 male and 25 female), with malocclusion Class II, division 1. All the patients were treated by Edgewise technique, Tweed Philosophy, and all treatments envolved extraction of first premolars. For the statistic analysis we used Student t test; linear regression test, Pearson test and a non parametric test. From these data, we conclued that: 1. External apical root resorption frequency between 1 to 2mm and 2 to 3 mm were 46% and 44%, representing 90% of this present study; 2. The average of external apical root resorption in girls and boys were 2,19mm and 1,83mm, was noted the sexual dimorphism; 3. Distal body retraction and incisor intrusion were more predictive of external apical root resorption then torque movement, although all of them were statistic significant. 4. Root resorption analysed in this study didn't compromise the stabilíty and longevity of the examined teeth, being irrelevant in the clinic / Mestrado / Ortodontia / Mestre em Odontologia

Orientadores: Francisco Humberto Nociti Junior, Enilson Antonio Sallum / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:59:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Menezes_JulianaBezerraSaldanha_D.pdf: 805559 bytes, checksum: eb703f4648ccb1fb4eeab1900b79a4aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência do consumo de cigarros sobre as alterações dimensionais que ocorrem no rebordo alveolar após a extração dentária. Foram selecionados 21 pacientes, com extrações indicadas de elementos anteriores na maxila, por causas periodontais, fraturas ou presença de cáries. Cada participante foi designado para um dos seguintes grupos: grupo 1 (n=11)- não fumantes ou grupo 2 (n=10)-pacientes que fumam um mínimo de 10 cigarros/dia. No período máximo até 7 dias após a extração, os participantes foram submetidos a uma tomografia linear, para determinação da altura e da largura do rebordo alveolar, e a uma radiografia periapical, para cada dente extraído, que foi utilizada para determinação da densidade radiográfica. Os parâmetros foram reavaliados com 6 meses após a extração. A análise intragrupos (teste t-pareado) revelou uma redução estatisticamente significante para o parâmetro altura óssea, no grupo dos não-fumantes (P=0,019) e dos fumantes (P<0,001), entretanto quando as médias de altura dos dois grupos foram comparadas entre si, não houve diferença estatística, em nenhum dos tempos avaliados (teste-t). Para os parâmetros de largura média e coronária, apenas o grupo dos fumantes apresentou uma redução significante do início aos 6 meses do experimento. A densidade radiográfica no centro do alvéolo diferiu estatisticamente, no grupo dos fumantes, na análise intragrupo (P=0,011) e intergrupos (P=0,006), na reavaliação. As análises intergrupos, nos dois períodos de avaliação, apresentaram médias de densidade radiográfica do osso íntegro significativamente inferiores, no grupo dos fumantes. Dentro dos limites do presente estudo, pode-se concluir que o consumo de cigarros influencia negativamente o processo de remodelação do rebordo alveolar pós-extração / Abstract: The aim of the present study was to radiographically evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on dimensional alveolar bone changes following teeth extraction. Twenty-one subjects were included and designated to one of the groups, regarding their smoking status: group 1(n=11)- non-smoking and group 2 (n=10)- smoking. After tooth extraction, linear tomography images and conventional periapical radiographs were taken to evaluate the following parameters: height, width and density of alveolar ridge. The radiographic examinations were repeated after six months. The intragroup analysis (paired t-test) demonstrated statistically significant difference for the bone height in smokers (P<0,001) and non-smokers (P=0,019), although no differences were noted between smokers and non-smokers (P> 0,05). The smoking group experienced a significant loss in bone width, in the middle (P=0,009) and coronary (P<0,001) region of the alveolar ridge, over six months. The radiographic density of the socket area in smokers was statistically lower than in non-smokers, after six months (P=0,006). In addition, smokers experienced a radiographic density loss over six months (P=0,011). The radiographic density in a well-defined area apical to the socket was also statistically significant different between smokers and non-smokers at baseline (P=0,036) and after 6 months (P=0,023). Within the limits of the present study, it was concluded that cigarette smoking may negatively influence the alveolar ridge remodeling after tooth extraction / Doutorado / Periodontia / Doutor em Clínica Odontológica

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Different pathology associated with impacted wisdom teeth in the oral cavity showed that it is prevalent and may lead to varied dental complications. This study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional retrospective analytical design in order to examine hard tissue features associated with the presence of impacted third molars in a random sample of 2998 digital panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of patients' records in Tygerberg Oral Health Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Western Cape. The specific objectives of the study were to categorize the type of impactions in the DPRs of patients and to determine the prevalence of distal cervical caries (DCC) in second molars, any radiolucent (RL) /radiopaque (RO) lesions or external root resorption (ERR) complications associated with impacted wisdom teeth. Results of the pantomographs and clinical records of patients indicated that the most prevalent type of impaction (TOI) is Mesioangular (MA) Impaction (65%) followed by Horizontal (H) Impaction (17%), Vertical (V) Impaction (15%), Transverse (TVS) Impaction (2 %) and Distoangular (DA) Impaction (1.2 %), respectively. The least prevalent type was Inverted (INV) Impaction with a frequency count of 0.5%. The results further indicated varied dental complications resulting from impaction, ranging from ERR with a frequency of 3% of which 66.70% was associated with MA type of impaction, followed by H with a frequency of 26.7%. The association of Gender and RL/ RO lesions was significant (p-value=0.04) while association between DCC and types of impaction was also significant (p-value =0.0017). The study concluded that the high prevalence of MA among all populations and genders over the years may be related to the anatomical normal inclination of the third molars to the mesial surface. The low prevalence of DA observed in the study sample on the other hand might be attributable to gender and demographic factors. Lastly, this study has only one radiopaque lesion and the high prevalence of RL lesions in males and in the older age group suggests that these complications take a while to develop. Future research is needed to raise more awareness and encourage patients to seek treatment of symptomatic and asymptomatic third molars before complications arise.

Abstract Changes of cellular polarity in osteoclasts during resorption cycle was studied. Targeting of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G-protein has earlier been studied in epithelial cells and in neurons, in which it serves as a basolateral or dendritic marker protein, respectively. In osteoclasts it occupied only the peripheral parts of the circulation facing basal membrane, but not ruffled border membrane or sealing zone area. Apical or axonal markers including Influenza A haemagglutinin were neither targeted to ruffled border area. Instead, they were transported to a limited area in the middle of the osteoclast basal surface. This membrane domain also showed staining for organic bone matrix components. Further works were done to find out the route of degraded bone matrix components to this membrane domain. It is shown in the confocal laser scanning and transmission electron microscopic level that osteoclasts take both organic and inorganic bone matrix dissolution products into intracellular vesicles which then are transcytosed to basal surface and finally exocytosed. One biological function to the new membrane domain seems to be to serve as an endpoint for intracellular handling of degraded bone matrix components, and as a final secretion point to release these components to circulation. This specialized membrane area is named as functional secretory domain (FSD) in this study. Membrane associated fine structures on the FSD area showed some novel membrane associsted structures. Their appearance and amount correlated to the resorption activity of osteoclasts suggesting that these new structures, termed clastosomes and debris, could be directly involved in the handling of bone degradation products during resorption. It is also shown that the bone matrix itself has effect on the resorption activity of cultured osteoclasts.

Introduction: Root resorption is an undesired but frequent side effect of orthodontic treatment. Several studies have already aimed to evaluate the performance of CBCT on this topic. However, none have addressed the peculiarities of the most common daily orthodontic scenario. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of CBCT scans on the diagnosis of artificial external root resorption in the apical third of anterior teeth. Materials and methods: One hundred extracted human anterior teeth were randomly assigned to 2 uneven groups (51 as the control and 49 as the experimental group). A limited area of the apical third of the root of the teeth of the experimental group was selected and a buffer solution was used to induce tooth subsurface demineralization. Before CBCT image acquisition, each tooth was coated with an approximately 0.3 mm thick layer of utility wax to simulate the radiographic appearance of the periodontal space and placed into an empty mandibular anterior socket of a partially edentulous dry human mandible. The mandible was placed into a polystyrene box filled with water prior to the CBCT examination to simulate soft-tissue attenuation and scattering. The CBCT images were obtained on an i-CAT unit (i-CAT Next Generation, Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA) according to three protocols: (I) half scan (180°), 0.40 mm voxel size; (II) full scan (360°), 0.40 mm voxel size; and (III) full scan (360°), 0.125 mm voxel size. The 300 resultant CBCT DICOM volumes were imported into InVivo software (InVivo5, Anatomage, San Jose, CA) for evaluation by three blinded, previously calibrated observers using a five-point confidence rating scale. Cohen’s kappa was used to calculate observers’ agreement. The diagnostic values of sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp) and accuracy (Ac) were performed by pooling observer responses for every image modality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were built and the areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated. The Sn, Sp and Ac values were compared by Cochran’s Q test. The AUC values were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The observers’ agreement ranged from 0.63 to 0.71, which was interpreted as a substantial agreement. Protocol III (0.125 mm voxel size) displayed the highest Sn (81.63 %), Ac (80.67%) and AUC (0.807). There were statistically significant differences between protocol III and the other two protocols (p < 0.001). The specificity of protocol I (84.97 %) was greater than that of protocols II (69.93 %) and III (79.74 %); however statistically significant difference was only found between protocols I and II (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Although there was no difference in accuracy between the degrees of rotation (half and full scan) within the same voxel size (0.4 mm), there was a considerable difference between those and the smallest voxel size (0.125 mm). In fact, it may be suggested that a more dedicated, high resolution scan should be acquired when one intends to investigate the early stage of external root resorption during orthodontic treatment.

Background: Postmenopausal osteoporosis which results in a reduction of bone quality and bone density is one of the most prevalent diseases affecting people around the world. Cathepsin K (CatK) is one of the most potent proteases in lysosomal cysteine proteases family, of which main function is to mediate bone resorption. Currently, the Odanacatib (ODN) developed by Merck & Co. is the only Phase III CatK inhibitor candidate with high efficacy in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis. Unfortunately, the development of ODN was finally terminated due to the cardio-cerebrovascular adverse effects. In order to enhance the specificity of ODN to osteoclasts for suppression of bone resorption in postmenopausal osteoporosis, we have previously designed and synthesized (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate by linking ODN with a promising osteoclast-targeted moiety D-Asp8. The data showed that D-Asp8 could facilitate the conjugated ODN specifically approaching osteoclasts, with reduced distribution in non-bone tissues, to inhibit the functional CatK activity within bone tissues in healthy rats. In this thesis, we hypothesized that the in vitro antiresorptive effects of (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate were comparable with that of ODN. On the other hand, we also developed a QQQ-LC/MS method for quantitation of (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate in plasma, which will be a valuable tool to support further pre-clinical studies. Aim: (1) To compare the antiresorptive effect between (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate and ODN in vitro. (2) To develop and validate a practicable method for pharmacokinetic profile of (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate in rats. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effect of (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate and ODN were evaluated and compared by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The effect of (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate and ODN on Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclasts formation and osteoclast function-related genes were evaluated and compared by Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effect of (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate and ODN on osteoclast bone resorption activities were evaluated and compared by bone resorption pit assay. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic profile of (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate in rat plasma was determined by using triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (QQQ-LC/MS) system. Result: The cytotoxicity of (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate was significantly lower than that of ODN on the murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate had no effect on RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, which was comparable with that of ODN. (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate had no effect on the mRNA level of CTSK, but it could upregulate the mRNA levels of ACP5 and OSCAR, which was comparable with that of ODN. (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate inhibited osteoclast bone resorption activity, which was comparable with that of ODN. The newly established QQQ-LC/MS protocol had good precision and accuracy for detecting (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate in rat plasma. Finally, the pharmacokinetic profile of (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate in rat plasma was determined. Following subcutaneous administration, the time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) was 1.0 h, the antibiotics area under the concentration time-curves from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) was found to be 27.78 ug·mL-1·h and the terminal half-life (t½) was 1.4 h. Conclusion: (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate had no effect on RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, which was comparable with ODN. The antiresorptive effect of (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate was comparable with that of ODN. On the other hand, a new QQQ-LC/MS protocol has been established for the pharmacokinetic profile of (D-Asp8)-ODN conjugate in rat.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of anti-inflammatory drugs (4- methoxybenzophenone) and (kavain) on bone formation and bone resorption models using a three-dimensional (3D) live calvarial bone METHODS: Utilizing neonatal mouse calvarial bones on a grid system with media designed to cause bone formation or resorption. These models were used to study the effect of 4- methoxybenzophenone and kavain on bone remodeling. The spent media were evaluated by quantitative analysis of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium release. The calvaria were stained with neutral red and silver nitrate for histological analysis. RESULTS: Kavain and 4-methoxybenzophenone affected the calvarial bone remodeling by inhibiting resorption. Kavain stimulated bone formation as shown by ALP activity and prevented the transformation of macrophages into osteoclasts as shown by neutral red staining. Kavain prevented resorption as shown by silver nitrate staining. Histological examination of kavain treated bone showed new osteoid formation. The other factor, 4-methoxybenzophenone, had inconsistent effects on bone. Neutral red staining showed no osteoclast differentiation and silver nitrate staining showed no resorption. However calcium release increased in the resorption model and calcium uptake increased in the formation model. There was no effect on ALP or trap activities in either model.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Understanding the factors that increase patients susceptibility to orthodontically induced root resorption is of the utmost importance to the practicing clinician. Numerous studies have been conducted that investigated contributing and etiological factors that tend to increase the amount of external apical root resorption a patient may incur during orthodontic treatment. However, there has been little research that has attempted to determine if patients treated with different slot size orthodontic brackets exhibit the same amount of external apical root resorption. The purpose of this research was to determine if patients treated with the 0.018 x 0.025 slot size bracket and patients treated with the 0.022 x 0.028 exhibited similar amounts of external apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Pre and Post treatment panoramic films from 91 consecutively treated orthodontic patients from a private orthodontic practice were used for this study. Each case that was included in the study had been treated with standard edgewise brackets using the Tweed-Merrifield philosophy of treatment. Forty-three cases from the 0.018 group and 48 from the 0.022 group were obtained. Each film that was analyzed was blinded prior to measuring to minimize observer bias. Mitutoyo Digimatic® calipers accurate to the nearest tenth of a millimeter were used for obtaining tooth measurements. Measurements were made from the Cemento-enamel junction and from incisal/occlusal to most apical portion of each incisor and all first molars. Statistical analysis was performed and the results showed no significant correlation between the size of the bracket and the amount of root resorption. No significant correlations existed between the groups for patient age, time in treatment, gender, and angle classification. Statistically significant differences were noted for cases in which extraction of four bicuspids was performed. Subjects belonging to the extraction group demonstrated significantly more external apical root resorption than those in which extractions were not done. This study demonstrated that the incidence of EARR that a patient may incur during treatment is independent of the size of the slot of the orthodontic bracket.

SAMMANFATTNING Syfte: Syftet med studien var att granska periapikala intraorala röntgenbilder avseende extern apikal rotresorption på överkäkens incisiver, före och efter retentionsbehandling med avtagbar retentionsapparatur. Syftet var också att registrera intra och inter-observatör överrensstämmelse vid bedömning av rotresorption. Metod: Studien utfördes som en randomiserad klinisk prövning. Patientmaterialet omfattade75 patienter och insamlades på specialistkliniken för ortodonti i Ystad, Sverige. Patienterna behandlades för trångställning mellan år 2001-2007 och behandlingen involverade extraktion av fyra pre-molarer följt av fast ortodontisk apparatur i båda käkarna. Patienterna randomiserades till tre olika retentionsgrupper för retentionsbehandlingen (25 patienter i varje grupp). Intraorala periapikala röntgenbilder togs i överkäksfronten före ortodontiska behandlingens start (T0), vid retentionsbehandlingens start (T2) samt efter retention (T2.1). Genom observation av intraorala periapikala röntgenbilder angavs ett index (0-4) för rotresorptionen för respektive överkäksincisiv. Fyra observatörer granskade var för sig samtliga röntgenbilder, och vid ett senare tillfälle granskades 20 stycken slumpvis utvalda bilder. Resultat: Studien visar att rotresorption förekommer under den ortodontiska behandlingen med fast apparatur och signifikanta skillnader i rotresorption registrerades av två av fyra observatörer under retentionsbehandlingen (p<0.05). Inter-observatörs överrensstämmelsen var generellt låg, medan intra-observatör överrensstämmelsen var något högre. Konklusion: Enligt denna studie förekommer rotresorption under den ortodontiska behandlingen med fast apparatur, och till viss del även under retentionsperioden med avtagbar apparatur. / ABSTRACTAim: The overall aim of the study was to register external apical root resorption in maxillary incisors before and after retention phase with removable appliance. A secondary aim was to register intra- and inter-observer agreement during the assessment of root resorption. Method: The study was carried out as a randomized clinical trial. The patient sample consisted of 75 patients with dental crowding that were treated at specialist orthodontic clinic in Ystad, Sweden. The patients were treated between year 2001-2007 and the treatment involved extraction of four premolars followed by fixed appliance in both jaws. The patients were randomized into three retention groups with 25 patients in each group. Intraoral periapical radiographs were taken on maxillary incisors before orthodontic treatment (T0), before start of retention phase (T2) and after retention (T2.1). An index ranging from 0-4 was used to assess root resorption for each maxillary incisor. At the first assessment, four observers individually analyzed all radiographs. 20 patients were randomly selected for a second assessment. Results: The study shows that root resorption occur during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance (p<0.05). Statistical significant root resorption occurred during the retention period according to two of four observers. The inter-observer agreement was generally low, while the intra-observer agreement was higher. Conclusion: According to this study, root resorption occurs during fixed orthodontic treatment and to some extent during the retention period with removable appliances.