Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2002.

Essen, Universiẗat Diss., 2003--Duisburg.

Το πληροφοριακό σύστημα ERP μιας επιχείρησης αποτελεί στρατηγική επιλογή. Δημιουργεί υποδομή και παρέχει εργαλεία που στηρίζουν την ανταγωνιστικότητα και την ανάπτυξη για πολλά χρόνια. Ένα σύστημα ΕRP (Enterprise Resource Planning) αποτελεί μία ακολουθία από άμεσα υλοποιήσιμα πακέτα εφαρμογών, που καλύπτουν όλες τις λειτουργίες μίας επιχείρησης και διαθέτουν την απαραίτητη ευλυγισία για τη δυναμική προσαρμογή τους στις απαιτήσεις και τις μεταβολές που συμβαίνουν σε αυτή. Επιπλέον παρέχει ολοκληρωμένες πληροφοριακές λύσεις για την καλύτερη και αποδοτικότερη διαχείριση και προγραμματισμό των πόρων και δίνει επίσης τη δυνατότητα στην επιχείρηση να λειτουργεί συντονισμένα σαν ενιαίο σύνολο, καθοδηγούμενη από τις πληροφορίες που δέχεται από το περιβάλλον. Σύνοψη Στην παρούσα εργασία γίνεται απόπειρα αποτύπωσης της πορείας της πληροφορίας από την απόκτησή της έως την επεξεργασία και τη χρησιμότητά της, μέσω της χρήσης των ολοκληρωμένων πληροφοριακών συστημάτων διαχείρισης πόρων (Enterprise Resourse Planning (ERP) Systems) με εφαρμογή (μελέτη περίπτωσης - case study) στο πληροφοριακό σύστημα της εταιρίας SAP, η οποία κατέχει τα τελευταία χρόνια την πρωτιά στην αγορά των συστημάτων αυτών. Ειδικότερα: Στο 1ο κεφάλαιο δίνεται μικρή εισαγωγή σχετικά με τη χρησιμότητα των πληροφοριακών συστημάτων διαχείρισης πόρων. Πραγματοποιείται επίσης σύντομη αναφορά του περιεχομένου της εργασίας. Στο 2ο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται η ροή της πληροφορίας από την εννοιολογική της προσέγγιση και την απόκτησή της έως την αποθήκευση, την επεξεργασία και τη διαχείρισή της με τη χρήση προηγμένων πληροφοριακών συστημάτων. Στο 3ο κεφάλαιο γίνεται εισαγωγή στα Πληροφοριακά Συστήματα Επιχειρησιακής Οργάνωσης (Enterprise Resource Planning - ERP) κάνοντας μια διαδρομή στην ιστορική τους εξέλιξη & αναφέροντας βασικές έννοιες, οφέλη & μειονεκτήματα από τη χρήση τους, ενώ πραγματοποιείται - επίσης - σύντομη παρουσίαση για την αγορά των ανωτέρω πληροφοριακών συστημάτων και την παρουσία τους στην Ελλάδα. Στο 4ο κεφάλαιο δίνεται η γενική δομή των Συστημάτων Επιχειρησιακής Οργάνωσης (ERP), οι ομάδες εφαρμογών στις οποίες εντάσσονται τα υποσυστήματά τους και οι περιφερειακές εφαρμογές που δύναται να χρησιμοποιηθούν συμπληρωματικά. Στο 5ο κεφάλαιο εξειδικεύεται η μελέτη των επιχειρησιακών λογισμικών ERP με το παράδειγμα της εταιρίας SAP. Το κεφάλαιο αυτό αναφέρεται στην παρουσία της εταιρίας SAP τόσο στην Ελλάδα όσο και στο εξωτερικό, όπως επίσης στη δομή και τη λειτουργία των εφαρμογών που υποστηρίζει το επιχειρησιακό λογισμικό SAP ERP. Επιπρόσθετα, γίνεται αναφορά στα συμπληρωματικά συστήματα που δύναται να υποστηρίζουν το ανωτέρω λογισμικό και περιγράφεται ο τρόπος υλοποίησης έργων SAP ERP. Το 6ο κεφάλαιο είναι μια μελέτη περίπτωσης εφαρμογής συστήματος SAP ERP. Ειδικότερα, αποτυπώνεται ο τρόπος χρήσης του ανωτέρω επιχειρησιακού λογισμικού στη διαχείριση ενός ερευνητικού έργου στο SAP ERP της Επιτροπής Ερευνών του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. / --

Background: Due to the rapid development of globalization, increased competition has led to significant market changes. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) has been a crucial part of gaining competitive advantage, but implementing an ERP system have shown to be complicated and expensive. Hence, understanding the critical success factors (CSF) when implementing an ERP system is vital as it can provide a successful implementation. Previous research has mainly focused on the general perspective, whereas the user perspective towards the CSFs has been lacking. This thesis complements the research by concentrating on the operational user and their perception towards the importance of each CSF as well as in which implementation phase each CSF is essential.  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the CSFs of an ERP implementation from a user perspective and why these are important in different implementation phases.  Method: As this study adopted a qualitative approach, a multiple case study of three case companies was conducted with an inductive research approach. The empirical data have been gathered through semi-structured interviews. A theoretical framework has been used for the literature in this study. The empirical data was then analyzed and compared to the literature. By analyzing the data in a within-case analysis before combining the findings in a cross-case analysis, it enabled the possibility to compare and derive a conclusion covering all case companies.  Conclusion: The results of this thesis shows that users from the case companies believed that more users should be involved in the ERP implementation. Furthermore, two case companies believed each 13 CSFs to be critical in an ERP implementation, whereas one case company believed 12 CSFs to be important. Where the CSFs ‘minimum customization', ‘education and training,' ‘technical possibilities' and ‘performance measurement' were perceived to be essential in this study compared to previous research when users did not perceive these CSFs as important. Lastly, a first attempt at grouping the CSF with the phases of an ERP implementation was made. The findings from the cross-case analysis revealed that there is a shared perception across some of the companies of why the CSFs are essential concerning the specific phases.

Orientador: Olimpio José Pinheiro / Banca: José Carlos Placido da Silva / Banca: Tomas Queiroz Ferreira Barata / Banca: Ana Thudichum Vasconcelos / Banca: Rita Assoreira Almendra / Resumo: A pesquisa propõe-se a desenvolver um estudo de análise interpretativa que focaliza predominantemente as necessidades e possibilidades do design de produto contemporâneo, inserido no contexto de uma possível sociedade sustentável que se posiciona além da atual cultura material baseada no consumismo. Deste modo, leva-se em conta a inter-relação do trinômio arte-design-espiritualidade em paralelo com o fenômeno, em sentido amplo, da globalização. A análise do corpus de pesquisa incide sobre o estudo de caso da obra de design (teórico-prática) do Professor Stuart Walker, PhD, atualmente pela University of Lancaster, Reino Unido. O foco primordial do design walkeriano visa a "resignificação" de objetos funcionais de uso cotidiano através de proposições formais (tangíveis) que vão desde abordagens incrementais de "desmascaramento" e reaproveitamento de materiais, até concepções filosóficas complexas. Utilizando-se de uma metodologia radical, que prevê um distanciamento entre academia e economia em prol de um processo criativo cíclico ("thinking-and-doing"), focaliza a associação entre ética, estética, sustentabilidade e espiritualidade, a partir do resgate e apropriação simbólica de elementos advindos de tradições religiosas milenares. Com esta referência procuramos contribuir não apenas com a percepção/conscientização ecológica, mas principalmente com a reflexão de projetos em design de produto, nos quais se articulem harmoniosamente a função estética à função prática e à função ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The research proposes to develop an interpretive case study that focuses predominantly on the needs and possibilities of contemporary product design, inserted in the context of a possible sustainable society that positions itself beyond the current material culture based on consumerism. In this way, we take into account the interrelationship of the trinomial art-design-spirituality in parallel with the phenomenon, in a broad sense, of globalization. As a case study, the analysis of the research corpus focuses on the design work (theoreticalpractical) of Professor Stuart Walker, PhD, currently of the University of Lancaster, UK. The primary focus of walkerian design is the "re-signification" of everyday functional objects through formal (tangible) propositions ranging from incremental approaches of "unmasking" and reusing materials to complex philosophical conceptualizations. Using a radical methodology that distances itself from academia and economics in favour of a cyclical creative process (thinking-and-doing), it focuses on the association between ethics, aesthetics, sustainability and spirituality, from the rescue and symbolic appropriation of elements derived from religious traditions of millennia. With this reference, we seek to contribute not only to ecological perception/awareness, but also mainly to a new product design, in which the aesthetic function is harmoniously inter-related to the practical function and the symbolic function, in order to focus and favour a "S... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

There is a continued effort for organisations to invest in resources that enable them to reduce costs while increasing productivity to meet the needs of the customers in order to maximise profits. Such investments also empower them to gain competitive advantage in the market. In an endeavour to achieve this, organisations invest in implementing Information Technology (IT) software to assist in increasing efficiency. There are varieties of available software solutions that are used at various stages of the value-chain. One of these is the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. Bakeries are no exception in exploring ways in which operations can be run more efficiently to reduce costs in the various levels of the supply chain through use of ERP systems. Although bakeries have invested many funds in implementing this system, they fail to enjoy the full returns on their investment of this system. The study compares the use of ERP systems between three leading bakers in Port Elizabeth, as part of convenience sampling, to identify any possible ineffective business practice applications and recommend some applicable solutions. In pursuing this study, a qualitative research was conducted. A critical literature review drawing on academic sources was conducted on the Supply Chain Management SCM. It provides an overview of SCM, and the effectiveness of ERP is SCM. Additionally, it provides benefits of using ERP in SCM. Furthermore, various tools that are used in measuring effectiveness of ERP systems were discussed. These tools included, Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness, part of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the balanced scored card. This was followed by a content analysis of web-based content of the three bakeries. Interview schedules were conducted using close-ended and open-ended questionnaires with the procurement, production, and distribution officers in the three bakeries to get a deeper understanding of the experience of the respondents. The questionnaires were distributed to twenty-seven (27) potential participants but interviews were conducted with only five (5) respondents. This constitutes a (5/27) 18.5% response rate. The questions on the questionnaires required a deeper understanding of the experiences of the respondents on their use of ERP. The questions were adopted from a balanced score card questionnaire that was previously used in measuring the performance of ERP systems.The study used Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use within the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to measure the effectiveness of ERP systems that are used in bakeries The analysis revealed that some production departments did not use the ERP system altogether while others used it as an archive and stuck to manual tasks resulting in duplication of tasks, which increase the workload of the departments. It also discourages interdepartmental information integration because other departments do not have easy and quick access to information from their production department. This department must share information to other departments through email. It was discovered that some end-users do not undergo formal training that affect their use of the system making it ineffective. Some found that their system was not user-friendly and increased their workload. Recommendations are made to the management of the bakeries on how to make the use of ERP effective for those planning to upgrade their current baking management systems.

This thesis deals with the issue of information systems targeted at Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The theoretical part defines basic terminology and creates thereby the theoretical base of the issue of a company´s information systems (IS). Then an analysis of the influence of implementation of information technologies into SMEs is carried out determining the development of the region. The practical part of the thesis is based on a case study dealing with the implementation of the information system QI for a medium-sized project construction company. The case study captures the whole process consisting of the selection of the product, pre-instalment analysis, implementation of the IS, training of the users leading to the system fully operating live. Built on that is then the following economic calculation of the implementation of the IS. The portability of the used solution is then assessed and the resulting outcome of the IS for the company is then evaluated. Drawbacks of the whole process are identified and their solutions are suggested.

MARTINS, Pedro Augusto de Deus. O sistema integrado de gestão SAP R/3 na Companhia Energética do Ceará. 2005. 111 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Atuária, Contabilidade e Secretariado, Fortaleza-CE, 2005. / Submitted by Dioneide Barros (dioneidebarros@gmail.com) on 2016-09-26T16:59:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_padmartins.pdf: 1236569 bytes, checksum: 7ecefd09f96cbbfbd2514c8177a83432 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Dioneide Barros (dioneidebarros@gmail.com) on 2016-09-27T16:15:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_padmartins.pdf: 1236569 bytes, checksum: 7ecefd09f96cbbfbd2514c8177a83432 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T16:15:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_padmartins.pdf: 1236569 bytes, checksum: 7ecefd09f96cbbfbd2514c8177a83432 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / The aim of this application is to analyse the implementation process and degrees of perceivability of internal users of SAP R/3 at the company of electric energy distribution: Companhia Energética do Ceará (COELCE), controled by ENERSIS, a multinational group. For the compliment of this purpose, a research was developed by people responsible for the implementation process and also with internal users, from October to December, 2004. Besides, to consolidate the information of the first set of this research, interviews with the directors, responsible for the referred project, were made, besides documents prepared by the control group of the company and by the company itself, for the execution of system consulting project. The perception research of SAP R/3 impact was developed through a questionary application, sent by e-mail, through the company electronic list addresses, answered by the system internal users. The perception research was organized in a way to evaluate the impacts of these four considerable aspects: productive on the job, innovation on the job, users’ satisfaction and management control. Each one of these aspects is compound by three questions, which sum up twelve, for each questionary, allowing a small assessment, say a specific analysis of each question. A consolidated analysis was also made, concerning on, questions of each aspect. For both analysis, the medium, the standard-deviation and the variation coefficient were calculated. The analysis were distributed among users belonging to the operational and management levels, but because of the low number of replies from this last level, the focus of the analitical research stays on the operational level. It follows that the implementation process follows, basically, the procedures of industrial companies, as well as other researches evidences. It was also observed that, according to the system users, the main perceived impact is the management control, an average of 3,52, in the Likert’s scale that goes from 1 to 5, that signs that the system is well accepted by them as an instrument of jobs control process and resources. On the other hand, there a surprising result, because, in relation to innovation on jobs, 2,72, points, out a subutilization of the system, and it is known that implementations of systems, like this, work on as opportunities of reviewing the process and innovate the ways of working. At the end, it was concluded that users’ perception level increases as the time SAP R/3 uses, but the exception is the aspect of innovation on the job, that can sign that as the time of using advances, the users reduce the perception of the innovation proposed by the system. The sequence of aspects, parting from the results, was the same, for both lanes of time, on system’s utilisation. / Objetiva-se, aqui, analisar o processo de implantação e o grau de perceptibilidade dos usuários internos do SAP R/3, na empresa de distribuição de energia elétrica Companhia Energética do Ceará (COELCE), organização controlada pelo grupo multinacional ENERSIS. Para o cumprimento destes objetivos, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa junto aos responsáveis pela implementação e aos usuários internos, nos meses de outubro a dezembro de 2004. Ademais, para consolidar as informações da primeira parte da pesquisa, foram estruturados questionários com os diretores responsáveis pela implementação do projeto. Também foram utilizados documentos redigidos pelo grupo controlador da empresa, assim como pela própria empresa ou ainda elaborados pela consultoria de sistemas, responsável pela execução do projeto. A pesquisa de percepção do impacto do SAP R/3 foi desenvolvida através da aplicação de questionário, distribuído por e-mail, usando-se a lista de endereços eletrônicos da empresa, junto aos usuários internos do sistema, organizada de modo a avaliar os impactos com relação a quatro aspectos relevantes: produtividade no trabalho, inovação no trabalho, satisfação do usuário e controle gerencial. Cada um dos aspectos compreende três questionamentos, totalizando, assim, doze, para cada questionário, permitindo a feitura de uma micro avaliação, isto é, análise específica de cada questionamento. Procedeu-se, também, a uma análise consolidada dos questionamentos, por aspecto. Para ambas as análises, foram calculadas: a média, o desvio-padrão e o coeficiente de variação. As análises foram divididas entre usuários de nível operacional e os de nível gerencial, sendo que, devido ao baixo número de retornos neste último nível, o foco analítico da pesquisa elegeu o nível operacional. Conclui-se, então, que o processo de implantação segue, basicamente, os procedimentos das empresas industriais, tal como evidenciado em outras pesquisas. Constata-se, também, que, segundo os próprios usuários do sistema, o principal impacto reside no âmbito do controle gerencial, com média de 3,52, na escala Likert, indo de 1 a 5, indicadora de que o sistema é bem recebido como instrumento de controle dos processos de trabalho e de recursos. Por outro lado, há um resultado surpreendente: o aspecto inovação no trabalho, com média de 2,72, parece apontar para uma subutilização do sistema, tendo em vista que implantações de sistemas, desta natureza, funcionam como oportunidades de rever processos e inovar formas de trabalho. Por fim, conclui-se que o nível de percepção dos usuários é maior à medida em que aumenta o tempo de utilização do SAP R/3, ocorrendo a única exceção no aspecto inovação do trabalho, sinalizando que, à proporção em que aumenta o tempo de utilização do sistema, os usuários diminuem a percepção das inovações por ele proporcionadas. Há de ser ressaltado que a sequência dos aspectos, a partir dos resultados, foi igual, para ambas as faixas de tempo de utilização do sistema.

SERPA, Patrícia Maria Ramos. Fatores críticos de sucesso na implementação do SAP R/3 na Petrobras. 2006. 159 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Atuária, Contabilidade e Secretariado, Fortaleza-CE, 2006. / Submitted by Dioneide Barros (dioneidebarros@gmail.com) on 2016-12-22T14:08:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_pmrserp.pdf: 1009003 bytes, checksum: 7320414333eaae284c7844cfd6037b9a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Dioneide Barros (dioneidebarros@gmail.com) on 2016-12-22T17:23:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_pmrserp.pdf: 1009003 bytes, checksum: 7320414333eaae284c7844cfd6037b9a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T17:23:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_pmrserp.pdf: 1009003 bytes, checksum: 7320414333eaae284c7844cfd6037b9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / ERP is a very useful IT tool for business, incorporating the best management practices and contributing for speeding up the decision making process, reducing costs, increasing productivity, and adding competitive advantages, as long as the fundamental requirements for success are followed. This research discusses the Critical Success Factors (CSF) in the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) SAP R/3 at Petrobras. Specific objectives of the study were: select research CSF, based on literature review, validating, prioritizing and verifying what’s new or irrelevant in this context; establish positive or negative factors in the implementation of SAP R3 main modules; and verify the effectiveness of implantation of the system at Petrobras. The research was motivated by the complex implantation of an ERP software in a such huge Company with extreme operational diversity. The study was defined as qualitative and exploratory, and it was used the procedure documental research and an unique case study, due to the fact of being a rare and contemporary case. The source for the Critical Success Factors (CSF) was literature review For data collecting, to support the scientific study, a literature and documental review were conducted, a quiz was applied and people were informally interviewed. Data analysis was done based on the quiz answers, having established cause and effect relationships with the other tools used: documents, interviews and theoretical reference. The results of the study confirmed the objectives of the research. The case study CSF were analyzed and prioritized by their relevance. Some deficiencies were observed that can be improved in future implementations. In the validation and prioritization of CSF, new requirements were indicated as more relevant than other classic ones. Differences in performance and effectiveness of SAP R3 modules were observed, but nothing that could’ve been prejudicial to the effectiveness of SAP R/3 implantation at Petrobras. / Os sistemas integrados de gestão (SIG) configuram-se como uma ferramenta de grande utilidade para os negócios, incorporam as melhores práticas da gestão e oferecem benefícios, tais como agilidade nas decisões, redução de custos, e aumento de produtividade, em geral, agregando vantagem competitiva, desde que, sejam atendidos requisitos fundamentais para o seu sucesso. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar os Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) na implementação do sistema integrado da gestão SAP R/3 na Petrobras. Como objetivos específicos, pretendeu-se selecionar os FCS da pesquisa, com base na revisão de literatura, validá-los e priorizá-los no estudo de caso, verificando-se algo novo ou requisito sem relevância neste contexto; especificar fatores positivos ou negativos na implementação dos principais módulos do SAP R/3 e verificar a eficácia da implantação do sistema como um todo na Petrobras. O estudo foi motivado pela complexa implementação, especialmente numa empresa de grande porte e de extrema diversidade operacional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e exploratória quanto aos objetivos. A pesquisa caracteriza-se quanto aos procedimentos em pesquisa documental e Estudo de Caso Único, por tratar-se de um evento do tipo raro e contemporâneo. A fonte de seleção dos FCS foi a revisão bibliográfica. Foram adotados como instrumentos de coleta de dados, visando a dar sustentação ao estudo científico: a pesquisa documental, entrevistas informais e um questionário. A análise dos dados ocorreu, fundamentalmente, na análise das respostas do questionário, buscando-se estabelecer relações de causa e efeito com os demais instrumentos: documentos, entrevistas e referencial teórico. Os resultados da pesquisa corroboram o atendimento aos objetivos da investigação. Os FCS do estudo foram analisados e priorizados no que se refere à sua relevância. Como ponto de atenção, verificaram-se lacunas em alguns requisitos a serem observadas em futuras implementações. Na validação e priorização dos FCS, novos requisitos foram apontados como mais relevantes do que outros clássicos. Foram constatadas oscilações no desempenho e eficácia dos módulos do SAP R/3. As lacunas apontadas, contudo, não comprometeram a eficácia percebida com que transcorreu a implantação do SAP R/3 na Petrobras.

Esta tese apresenta abordagens apoiadas em métodos de otimização para solucionar problemas relacionados ao planejamento de recursos físicos de um bloco cirúrgico (BC) hospitalar. Na tese, tais abordagens são divididas em cinco artigos que inicialmente identificam os métodos atualmente empregados na literatura em geral e pelo hospital acadêmico utilizado como referência neste estudo, para propor novos métodos de solução para problemas estratégicos, táticos e operacionais de extrema relevância no contexto da gestão eficiente dos recursos físicos de um BC. Os métodos otimizantes apresentados nesta tese se referenciam nos tempos históricos de realização das cirurgias e no tempo esperado de permanência dos pacientes nos leitos da unidade de recuperação pós-anestésica (URPA) para alocar, em nível tático, os blocos de tempo das salas de cirurgia (SC’s) às especialidades cirúrgicas e, em nível operacional, sequenciar as cirurgias para atender a demanda de cirurgias eletivas e maximizar a utilização de capacidade dos recursos físicos do BC. Em nível estratégico, os problemas abordados na tese se referem ao dimensionamento da quantidade requerida de SC’s e de leitos de recuperação da URPA, e do compartilhamento ótimo desses recursos entre as especialidades cirúrgicas, utilizando os blocos de tempo das SC’s como variáveis de decisão para atender a demanda de cirurgias eletivas das especialidades cirúrgicas do BC. / This thesis presents optimising approaches for solving resource planning problems in an operating theatre (OT). The approaches are presented in five articles which start identifying current methods used in the literature as well as in the academic hospital for proposing new optimising solution methods for relevant strategic, tactical and operational problems concerning to efficient OT’s resource utilisation. The methods presented in the thesis take as the reference the historical surgery times of the surgical specialities to calculate their expected number of surgeries per working shift and their expected patient’s length of stay in the recovery beds of the post anesthesia care unit (PACU). Such metrics are essential for allocating the operating room block times, at tactical level, and for sequencing the surgeries in the operating rooms, at operational level, in order to comply with the elective surgeries demand and miximise OT’s resource utilisation. The problems at strategic planning level refer to the dimensioning of the required number of operating rooms and PACU recovery beds to comply with the surgical demand and determining the optimal allocation mix within the surgical specialities, taking the operating room block times as the decision variables of both problems.