Introdução: Fungos são alérgenos cuja importância nas doenças alérgicas respiratórias é subestimada por falta de extratos alergênicos adequados para diagnóstico, quer através de testes cutâneos, quer através de dosagem de IgE específica. Botucatu possui características próprias por se localizar numa \"cuesta\" e possuir vegetação variada que cobre grande parte da cidade. A partir das plantas os fungos ganham o ar através da esporulação podendo ser inalados e sensibilizar pacientes com alergias respiratórias. Este trabalho se propõe a estudar quais os fungos mais prevalentes em Botucatu e a taxa de sensibilização dos principais gêneros entre os portadores de asma e rinite procedentes dessa região. Casuística e Métodos: Foi desenvolvido um aparelho caça esporos para a captura dos mesmos em quatro pontos da cidade. Foram feitas cinco coletas/ponto/semana durante um ano para contagem e identificação das UFC (unidades formadoras de colônias). Foram selecionados pacientes de Botucatu e região com asma e rinite, nos quais se aplicou testes de puntura para os principais alérgenos, incluindo onze diferentes fungos. Foram também realizados testes intradérmicos com extratos de fungos nos pacientes cujo teste de puntura ao fungo em questão tenha sido negativo. Resultados: Foram identificados 67 gêneros sendo os mais prevalentes: Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Levedura, Aspergillus, Helminthosporium, Nigrospora, Monilia, Fusarium, Hyalodendrum, Penicillium, Curvularia, Humicola, Alternaria, Trichoderma e Sphaerosporium. Foram selecionados 207 pacientes dos quais 118 (57%) apresentaram pelo menos um teste positivo a fungo. O teste intradérmico foi responsável por 88% do diagnóstico de sensibilização A dosagem de IgE específica mostrou baixa sensibilidade (4%). Os fungos mais sensibilizantes foram: Aspergillus, Neurospora, Candida, Penicillium e Cladosporium. Observou-se maior positividade a fungos no grupo de asma grave, sendo que Aspergillus, Neurospora e Candida foram mais prevalentes nesse grupo. Encontrou-se associação positiva entre pacientes com asma atendidos em Pronto-Socorros durante o ano estudado e o total de UFC nesse período. Conclusões: Os fungos mais prevalentes no planeta são também encontrados em Botucatu, embora haja fungos característicos dessa região; a sensibilização a fungos é expressiva na população estudada e guarda relação com maior gravidade da asma; o teste intradérmico foi o melhor meio diagnóstico para sensibilização a fungos / Purpose: Fungi are allergens whose importance has been underestimated due to the absence of reliable extracts for the diagnosis of sensitization in vivo or in vitro. Botucatu has unique characteristics because of its location on a \"cuesta\" and its varied vegetation which cover a large area of the city. The fungi reach the air from the plants through sporulation and they can be inhaled and sensitize patients with allergic diseases. Here we studied the most prevalent fungi in the air of Botucatu and the rate of sensitization to the main fungi genus among patients with asthma and rhinitis. Methods: We developed a spore trap to catch the spores from the air in four points in the city. Five collections were taken weekly during a whole year. Colony forming units (CFU) were counted and the fungi on Petri dishes were classified. Patients with asthma and rhinitis have been selected and submitted to prick tests with the main allergens including eleven different types of fungi. Intradermal tests with fungi extract were also performed in the patients whose prick test to these fungi had been negative. Results: Sixty-seven genus of fungi have been identified and the more prevalent were: Cladosporium, Epicoccum, yeast, Aspergillus, Helminthosporium, Nigrospora, Monilia, Fusarium, Hyalodendrum, Penicillium, Curvularia, Humicola, Alternaria, Trichoderma and Sphaerosporium. Two hundred and seven patients have been selected and 118 (57%) have been at least one positive test to fungus. Intradermal test made the diagnosis in 88% of all diagnostics of sensitization, whereas \"in vitro\" specific IgE had low sensibility (4%). The more sensitizer fungi were: Aspergillus, Neurospora, Candida, Penicillium and Cladosporium. There was a significant correlation between severe asthma and fungi sensitization and the fungi more prevalent in that group of patient were: Aspergillus, Neurospora and Candida. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the number of asthmatic patients attended in Emergencies and the total of CFU in the study period. Conclusion: We recognize in the air fungi specific to Botucatu although the most prevalent fungi are the same found in other places in the world; the fungi sensitization among patients with allergic respiratory diseases is meaningful and correlated with asthma severity; the intradermal test was the best mean to diagnose fungi sensitization

O experimento foi realizado para avaliar um sistema de termonebulização com desinfetante para o controle de infecções respiratórias, utilizando como indicadores o ganho de peso diário (GPD) na terminação e as lesões no trato respiratório por ocasião do abate. Foram analisados 1134 animais divididos em três tratamentos de 378: T1, controle, sem termonebulização; T2, termonebulização a cada 48 horas até 30 dias após o alojamento; T3, termonebulização a cada 24 horas até 30 dias após o alojamento. O desinfetante utilizado na termonebulização tinha como princípio ativo um peróxido. Os animais foram pesados na chegada e aos 30, 50 e 110 dias de alojamento. No abate foram avaliadas as lesões de pulmão (através do índice IPP) e de cornetos nasais (através do índice IRA). O GPD durante o período de terminação foi maior (P<0,005) no T2, seguido pelo T1 e T3 (1,025±0,006 Kg, 1,001±0,007 Kg, 0,960±0,004 Kg, respectivamente). Os animais do T1 tiveram menor IPP (P=0,0237) e tenderam a ter menor IRA (P<0,0825), em comparação aos animais do T2 e T3. Não houve correlação entre IRA e o GPD do período avaliado. Observou-se que apenas no grupo T1 houve tendência (P=0,065) de menor GPD nos animais com consolidação pulmonar em comparação aos sem consolidação (1,019±0,009 Kg vs. 0,995±0,008 Kg). Houve tendência (P<0,075) do T1 ter maior número de animais tratados para tosse em comparação aos demais grupos (10,8%, 6,9% e 7,1% para T1, T2 e T3, respectivamente). O GPD foi menor e a ocorrência de lesões de pleurite, abscesso e/ou nódulos foi maior nos animais que foram medicados para tosse nos grupos T1 e T3, mas não no T2. A taxa de mortalidade, número de animais enfermos, número de carcaças desviadas ao Departamento de Inspeção Final (DIF), tipo de lesão no DIF e destino da carcaça não diferiram entre os grupos experimentais (P>0,3586). Apesar de ter apresentado valores de IPP e IRA elevados, os animais submetidos ao sistema de termonebulização a cada 48 horas tiveram GPD significativamente maior na fase de terminação. Além disso, no T2, o sistema demonstrou ser eficiente, pois animais que apresentavam ou não consolidação pulmonar no abate tiveram GPD similares na fase de terminação. / The experiment was performed to assess the efficiency of a system of thermal fogging with disinfectant in order to control respiratory diseases, using as indicators daily weight gain (DWG) in finishing pigs and respiratory slaughter checks of the respiratory tract. 1134 animals were split into three experimental groups of 378: T1 – control, without thermal fogging; T2 – thermal fogging at each 48 hours until 30 days after arrival in the finishing unit; and T3 – thermal fogging each 24 hours until 30 days after arrival. The disinfectant used was base on peroxide. The animals were weighed at arrival and at 30, 50 and 110 days after housing. At slaughter, lung lesions were assessed (establishing a pneumonia index, IPP) and nasal turbinates were examined (establishing a rhinitis index, IRA). DWG during the finishing stage was higher (P<0.005) in T2, followed by T1 and T3 (1.025±0.006 Kg, 1.001±0.007 Kg, 0.960±0.004 Kg, respectively). Animals from T1 presented lower IPP (P=0.0237) and tended to have lower IRA (P<0.0825), when compared to animals of T2 and T3. There was no correlation between IRA and GPD in the experimental period. It was observed that only T1 showed a tendency (P=0.065) of having lower GPD in pigs with lung consolidation when compared to those without consolidation (1.019±0.009 Kg vs. 0.995±0.008 Kg). Animals of T1 showed a tendency (P<0.075) to need more treatments for coughing when compared to T2 and T3 (10.8%, 6.9% and 7.1% to T1, T2 and T3, respectively). DWG was smaller and the occurrence of pleuritis, abscesses and/or nodules was higher in animals that were treated for cough in groups T1 and T3, but not in T2. Mortality rate, number of diseased animals, number of carcasses condemned by the Department of Final Inspection (DIF), and the type of lesion considering the different carcass destination did not differ between experimental groups (P>0.3586). In spite of presenting high IPP and IRA, animals submitted to fogging at every 48 hours had a DWG significantly higher in the finishing phase. Besides, in T2, the system proved to be efficient, as animals with or without lung consolidation presented similar GPD.

Submitted by ADRIAN BLANCO MACHIN null (adrianbmachin@gmail.com) on 2017-03-14T13:29:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adrian Blanco Machín-Dissertação de Mestrado- final 14-03-2017.pdf: 1853025 bytes, checksum: 544dbb6da4b5dcfa7c906eb007faba28 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-03-20T22:11:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 machin_ab_me_guara.pdf: 1853025 bytes, checksum: 544dbb6da4b5dcfa7c906eb007faba28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-20T22:11:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 machin_ab_me_guara.pdf: 1853025 bytes, checksum: 544dbb6da4b5dcfa7c906eb007faba28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-06 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A poluição do ar é uma das principais causas de internação por doenças do aparelho respiratório. Efeitos negativos na saúde devido à exposição aos poluentes atmosféricos vêm causando aumentos nas internações hospitalares. O objetivo desse estudo consiste em identificar a associação entre a exposição ao material particulado fino, ajustado pelo monóxido de carbono sobre as internações hospitalares da rede pública por algumas doenças respiratórias na população de Cuiabá, MT, no período de 01 de janeiro de 2012 a 31 de dezembro de 2013. A metodologia utilizada fundamenta-se na pesquisa de estudo ecológico de série temporal. A variável dependente considerada foi o número de internações hospitalares concernentes às doenças: traqueite e laringite (J04.0 - J04.9), pneumonia (J12.0 - J18.9), bronquite e bronquiolite (J20.0 - J21.9), doença pulmonar obstructiva cônica (J44.0 - J44.9) e asma (J45.0 - J45.9), que representam em torno de 75% do total das doenças respiratórias (J00.0 – J99.9) e cujos códigos correspondem à CID 10, esses dados foram obtidos do DATASUS. As variáveis independentes consideradas foram as concentrações diárias dos poluentes PM2,5 e CO, estimados pelo modelo matemático CCATT-BRAMS. Os dados temperatura mínima e umidade relativa do ar foram obtidos do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e número de focos de queimadas do Sistema de Informações Ambientais. A abordagem estatística utilizou o modelo linear generalizado da regressão de Poisson com defasagens de 0 a 7 dias. Foram estimados custos financeiros e aumentos no número de internações decorrentes de aumentos na concentração de PM2,5 no ar. Os coeficientes fornecidos pela regressão de Poisson foram convertidos em risco relativo de internação adotando alfa = 5%. Foram 4998 internações segundo diagnóstico J-00 a J99 no período estudado, sendo 3876 internações (76,8%) por doenças específicas. A exposição ao PM2,5 quando ajustado com o CO, constitui fator de risco de internação nos 7 lags considerados, com valores entre RR=1,09 (IC95% 1,06 - 1,12) no Lag 7 e RR=1,12 (IC95% 1,09 – 1,15) no Lag 0, devido a que o CO potencializou a ação do PM2,5. Um aumento de 5 µg/m3 na concentração de PM2,5 implicou num aumento de até 1670 internações e custos acima dos R$ 1,68 milhão para o Sistema de Saúde Pública. Verificou-se portanto a associação da exposição a poluentes do ar e internações por doenças respiratórias bem como a exeqüibilidade de uso de modelo matemático. / Air pollution is one of the main causes of hospitalization for respiratory diseases. Negative health effects due to exposure to air pollutants are causing increases in hospital admissions. The objective of this study is to identify the association between exposure to fine particles, adjusted for carbon monoxide and hospitalizations in Public Health System by some respiratory diseases in the population of Cuiabá, MT, in the period of January 1, 2012 To December 31, 2013. The methodology used is based on the ecological study of time series. The dependent variable was the number of hospital admissions in relation to diseases: tracheitis and laryngitis (J04.0 - J04.9), pneumonia (J12.0 - J18.9), bronchitis and bronchiolitis (J20.0 - J21. 9), congestive pulmonary disease (J44.0 - J44.9), and asthma (J45.0 - J45.9), which account for about 75% of all respiratory diseases (J00.0 - J99.9) And whose codes correspond to ICD-10, these data were obtained from DATASUS. The independent variables were the daily concentration of pollutants PM2,5 and CO, estimated by the mathematical model CCATT-BRAMS. Data of minimum temperature and the relative humidity were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology and the number of fires from the system of environmental information. The statistical approach used the linear model of Poisson regression with delay of 0 to 7 days (lag0 to lag7). Financial expenses and increases in the number of hospitalizations due to the increase in the PM2,5 concentration in the air were estimated. The coefficients provided by the Poisson regression became the relative risk of hospitalization considering alpha = 5%. There were 4998 hospitalizations according to J-00 to J99 diagnoses in the study period, with 3876 hospitalizations (76.8%) for the specific diseases. Exposure to PM2,5 when adjusted for CO, constitutes a risk factor for hospitalization in the 7 considered lags, ranging from RR = (CI 95%: 1.06 to 1.12) 1.09 in Lag 7 and RR = 1.12 (95% CI: 1.09 to 1.15) in Lag 0, because CO increases the action of PM2,5. An increase of 5 µg/m3 in the concentration of PM2,5 resulted in an increase up to 1670 hospitalizations and costs of R$ 1,68 million for the Public Health System. Therefore, the association of exposure to air pollutants and hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases, as well as the viability of the mathematical model in use, were verified. / CNPq:190432/2014-4

Background: Vitamin D is known to be associated with inflammatory diseases, but its relationship with allergic diseases is unclear. The study objective is to determine the association of serum vitamin D levels and markers of wheeze, asthma and atopy. Methods: Data (n = 9,463) on serum vitamin D levels and atopy were obtained from 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum vitamin D level was categorized into four groups: Normal (≥30ng/ml), Insufficient (21-29ng/ml), Deficient (11-20ng/ml) and Severely Deficient (≤10ng/ml). Atopy was defined as at least 1 positive allergen-specific IgE level measured for a panel of 5 common aeroallergens- cat, dog, house dust mite, cock roach and Alternaria species. Doctor-diagnosed asthma and wheeze in the previous 12 months were assessed by means of questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association of serum vitamin D with wheeze, asthma and atopy adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking, outdoor physical activity, body mass index and poverty income ratio. Results: Overall, 15%, 14% and 28% of subjects had wheeze, asthma and atopy, respectively. Approximately 21% had normal serum vitamin D levels, while 35%, 28% and 5% had insufficient, deficient and severely deficient levels. Compared to subjects with normal vitamin D levels, those with insufficient, deficient and severely deficient levels had increased relative odds of wheeze and atopy with highest adjusted estimates in subjects with severe vitamin D deficiency (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.31, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.73-3.10 for wheeze; OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.17-1.89 for atopy). Conclusion: Low serum vitamin D levels were found to be associated with wheeze and atopy. Findings contribute to ongoing efforts to understanding the role of vitamin D in atopic diseases.

<p>The study proposed to conduct a descriptive study related to the correlation of infant feeding (EFF or EBF) and occurrence of morbidity diarrhoea and/or respiratory infections, in infants by 14 weeks of age. The study adopted a quantitative epistemological approach in seeking to describe the correlation of infant feeding and the occurrence of diarrhoea or respiratory infections by 14 weeks of age. The researcher embarked on a descriptive survey design and employed the questionnaire method during the data collection process. The Amathole District of the Eastern Cape Province was selected due to the accessibility of the targeted population. The unique demographic profile and rural-urban setting allows for a potentially rich data source whilst simultaneously reducing the potential incidence of bias in the data collection. The study sample was drawn from routine immunization and growth monitoring clinics in the Amathole district.</p>

published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

Tyrimo problema. Medikams ir sveikatos specialistams nerimą kelia blogėjanti moksleivių sveikata. Lietuva pagal nepakankamai fiziškai aktyvių moksleivių dalį užima paskutiniąsias vietas. Daugėja moksleivių laiką leidžiančių prie kompiuterio ir televizoriaus ekranų. 2008 metų tyrimo duomenimis 50,4 proc. Lietuvos berniukų ir 64,4 proc. mergaičių yra nepakankamai fiziškai aktyvūs. Privalomojo sveikatos draudimo informacinės sistemos SVEIDRA duomenimis 2009 m. Lietuvoje buvo užregistruota 780 vaikų susirgimų ar traumų iš 1000. Vaikams (0–17 m.) dažniausiai registruojamos kvėpavimo sistemos ligos (567,8 sirgusiųjų 1000 vaikų 2009 m.), t.y. apie 57 proc. visų vaikų bent kartą buvo sirgę ūminėmis viršutinių kvėpavimo takų infekcijomis ir gripu. Kitomis ligomis vaikai sirgo gerokai mažiau. Lyginant 2008 m. ir 2009 m. rodiklius, reikia pabrėžti, kad 9,3 proc. padaugėjo vaikų sergančių ūminių viršutinių kvėpavimo takų infekcijomis ir gripu (Lietuvos sveikatos statistika, 2009 m.). Mokslinėje literatūroje neteko rasti straipsnių, analizuojančių statinių ir dinaminių pratimų poveikį vaikų sergamumui kvėpavimo sistemos ligomis. Darbo tikslas. Nustatyti statinių ir dinaminių pratimų ryšį su 8–9 metų moksleivių sergamumu kvėpavimo sistemos ligomis. Hipotezė. Statiniai ir dinaminiai pratimai turėtų sumažinti vaikų sergamumą kvėpavimo sistemos ligomis. Tyrimo metodai ir organizavimas. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas Panevėžio Vysk. K. Paltaroko gimnazijoje. Tyrimas vyko vienerius mokslo metus (201... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research problem. Doctors and health experts are worried about deteriorating children’s health. Lithuania, by insufficient physical activity of students, takes the last place. The number of students who spend time at computer and TV screens is increasing. According to the 2008 research data, 50,4% of Lithuanian boys and 64,4% of girls are not physically active enough. According to the data of an information management system for the public healthcare service SVEIDRA, in 2009 in Lithuania out of 1000 children 780 cases of diseases and traumas were reported. For children (from 0 to17 years old) the respiratory system diseases are most commonly reported (567,8 children out of 1000 in 2009), i.e. about 57% of all children who had at least one record of acute upper respiratory tract infection and influenza. The number of other reported children’s diseases was significantly lower. To have compared the indicators of 2008 and 2009, it should be noted that the number of children who suffered from acute upper respiratory tract infections and influenza has risen by 9.3 percent (Lithuanian Health Statistics, 2009). Research aim. To determine the relation of static and dynamic exercises with 8–9–year–old children’s incidence of respiratory diseases. Hypothesis. Static and dynamic exercises are reducing the incidence of child respiratory diseases Research methods and organization. The research has been carried out in Panevezys, K. Paltarokas Gymnasium. It took one academic year (2010 – 201... [to full text]

<p>The study proposed to conduct a descriptive study related to the correlation of infant feeding (EFF or EBF) and occurrence of morbidity diarrhoea and/or respiratory infections, in infants by 14 weeks of age. The study adopted a quantitative epistemological approach in seeking to describe the correlation of infant feeding and the occurrence of diarrhoea or respiratory infections by 14 weeks of age. The researcher embarked on a descriptive survey design and employed the questionnaire method during the data collection process. The Amathole District of the Eastern Cape Province was selected due to the accessibility of the targeted population. The unique demographic profile and rural-urban setting allows for a potentially rich data source whilst simultaneously reducing the potential incidence of bias in the data collection. The study sample was drawn from routine immunization and growth monitoring clinics in the Amathole district.</p>

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniviversitet, 2006. / Härtill 7 uppsatser.