Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, 2009. / Submitted by Ruthléa Nascimento (ruthleanascimento@bce.unb.br) on 2015-10-06T16:25:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_MarianaMartinsJuras.pdf: 3263723 bytes, checksum: 2a7cc27b942e842ddf695aedab367146 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ruthléa Nascimento(ruthleanascimento@bce.unb.br) on 2015-10-06T16:25:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_MarianaMartinsJuras.pdf: 3263723 bytes, checksum: 2a7cc27b942e842ddf695aedab367146 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-06T16:25:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_MarianaMartinsJuras.pdf: 3263723 bytes, checksum: 2a7cc27b942e842ddf695aedab367146 (MD5) / O divórcio é um fenômeno crescente em nossa sociedade e, da mesma forma, existe um aumento de ex-cônjuges que buscam a Justiça para resolver seus conflitos familiares. O divórcio destrutivo refere-se a uma dinâmica familiar violenta após o divórcio, em que prevalecem sentimentos agressivos entre os ex-cônjuges, incluindo terceiros no conflito. O presente trabalho aborda a questão dos papéis parentais e conjugais no divórcio destrutivo em que há filhos pequenos e insere-se no contexto jurídico durante a realização do estudo psicossocial de famílias em processos de disputa de guarda e regulamentação de visitas, especificamente no Serviço de Atendimento a Famílias com Ação Cível do Tribunal de Justiça do Distrito Federal e Territórios. A fundamentação teórica reporta-se à Teoria Familiar Sistêmica, além de buscar aspectos do Direito Crítico para complementar o arcabouço teórico deste estudo. Participaram da pesquisa três famílias divorciadas que entraram na Justiça buscando a regularização judicial da guarda e visita dos filhos, todos eles com menos de 12 anos idade. A pesquisa-ação consistiu o método de pesquisa utilizado, a partir da metodologia de Pesquisa Qualitativa, com utilização dos seguintes instrumentos: entrevistas semi-estruturadas com as famílias, genograma familiar, visita domiciliar e desenho da família realizado pelas crianças. A análise dos dados foi baseada na proposta de Análise de Conteúdo de González Rey, com construção-interpretação de zonas de sentido. Os resultados evidenciaram a dificuldade de diferenciação dos papéis parentais e conjugais pelas famílias com dinâmicas destrutivas, em que a disputa conjugal perpetua-se no contexto jurídico, além de ser privilegiada em detrimento dos cuidados parentais. A forma de comunicação predominante entre os ex-cônjuges é a escalada simétrica, em que fatores como competição, auto-promoção, destruição do outro, responsabilização do outro pelo conflito, comunicação rígida, autoritária e violenta, lutas de poder, evitação de contato direto com o ex-cônjuge, paradoxos e triangulações, principalmente com filhos, familiares e profissionais da Justiça, estão presentes. Com relação às crianças, constatou-se que elas freqüentemente são incluídas no conflito e manifestam sentimentos de sofrimento e insatisfação com o conflito conjugal. Por outro lado, elas evidenciaram recursos importantes para o enfrentamento desse divórcio, como o fortalecimento da fratria e busca de estratégias fora do âmbito familiar. Considera-se fundamental a adoção da perspectiva sistêmica para a atuação profissional com dinâmicas familiares que envolvam processo de divórcio destrutivo que compreenda suas complexidades, competências e contradições inerentes aos sistemas humanos. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / Divorce is a growing phenomenon in our society, and similarly, there is an increase of ex-couples who seek justice to resolve their family conflicts. The destructive divorce refers to a violent family dynamics after divorce, in which aggressive feelings prevail among ex-spouses, including third parties in the conflict. This paper addresses the issue of marital and parental roles in destructive divorce with small children and falls within the legal context for the psychosocial study of families in dispute procedures of custody and regulations of visits, particularly in the Customer Service Families with a Civil Action of the Court of the Federal District and Territories (Serviço de Atendimento a Famílias com Ação Cível do Tribunal de Justiça do Distrito Federal e Territórios). The theoretical basis relates to Family Systems Theory, besides seeking Critical Law aspects to complement the theoretical study of this. Participated in the survey three divorced families that came to court seeking a judicial settlement of custody and access to children, all under 12 years old. Action research was the method used, from the methodology of qualitative research, using the following instruments: semi-structured interviews with families, family genogram, home visits and family drawing held by children. Data analysis was based on the proposal of the Content Analysis of González Rey, with construction and interpretation of meaning area. The results showed the difficulty of differentiation of parental and marital roles for families with destructive dynamic in which the marital dispute perpetuates itself in the legal context, and be privileged at the expense of parental care. The predominant form of communication between these ex-couples is symmetrical escalation, in which factors such as competition, self-promotion, destruction of other, holding the other by the conflict, rigid, authoritarian and violent communication, struggles for power, avoidance of direct contact with the ex-spouse, paradoxes and triangulations, especially with children, families and professionals, are present. With respect to children, it was found that they often are included in the conflict and express feelings of distress and dissatisfaction with the marital conflict. Moreover, they showed significant resources to face divorce, as the strengthening of fraternal subsystem and search strategies outside the family. It is essential to adopt the systemic perspective for professional practice with family dynamics involving destructive divorce process to understand its complexities, skills, and contradictions inherent of the human systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-22Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:07:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000807276.pdf: 704969 bytes, checksum: ff10c194ee62e34fee0c1662ec6b1794 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Due to significant technical and technological advances in neonatology, the survival rate of premature babies and babies having very low birth weight increased. Besides the post-discharge care, the importance of further investigation concerning the behavioral aspects of preterm born children, associated with the study of the influences of educational practices and parental beliefs is highlighted. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the educational practices and beliefs about the development of preterm babies parents (37 weeks) and babies with very low birth weight (1.500g) with parents of children born at term (most children born or equal to 37 weeks) of both sexes, age 22-43 months. Besides describing and comparing behavior problems in the same group we finally related educational practices and beliefs about parents development of this population. The results showed that mothers from both groups cared and encouraged their children, but the Preterm Group, stimulated more than they needed, pointing to a possible failure of the early stimulation program that they attended. Moreover, children GPT, according to reports from their mothers, had more behavior problems than children born at term. It was also observed correlation between educational practices and beliefs and behavior problems. However, the best the practices the more behavior problems / Due to significant technical and technological advances in neonatology, the survival rate of premature babies and babies having very low birth weight have increased. Besides the post-discharge care, the importance of further investigation concerning the behavioral aspects of preterm born children, associated with the study of the influences of educational practices and parental beliefs is highlighted. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the educational practices and beliefs about the development of preterm babies parents (37 weeks) and babies with very low birth weigth (1.500g) with parents of children born at term (most children born or equal to 37 weeks) of both sexes, age 22-43 months. Besides describing and comparing behavior problems in the same group we finally related educational practices and beliefs about the parents development of this population. The results showed that mothers from both groups cared and encouraged their children, but the Preterm Group, stimulated more than they needed, poiting to a possible failure of the early stimulation program that they attended. Moreover, children GPT, according to reports from their mothers, had more behavior problems than children born at term. It was also observed correlation between educational practices and beliefs and behavior problems. However, the best the practices the more behavior problems

Orientador: Olga Maria Piazentin Rolim Rodrigues / Banca: Sonia Regina Loureiro / Banca: Paula Inez Cunha Gomide / Resumo: Práticas parentais são comportamentos emitidos pelos pais, determinados por variáveis sociodemográficas de seus filhos. A literatura aponta para a existência de práticas parentais positivas e negativas que influenciaram o desenvolvimento infantil desde os primeiros meses de vida. O presente estudo objetivou descrever, comparar e associar as práticas parentais de mães de bebês, os indicadores de saúde mental materna e variáveis sociodemográficas. Os instrumentos utilizados para avaliação foram: Inventário de Estilos Parentais de Mães de Bebês (IEPMB), Inventário de Ansiedade Traco-Estado (IDATE) e Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL). Participaram 100 mães de bebês com seis a 12 meses de idade que frequentavam um projeto de extensão cujo objetivo era monitorar o desenvlvimento de bebês até 12 meses. As mães que foram convidadas e que aceitaram participar desse estudo, responderam os instrumentos individualmente em horário previamente agendado, em uma sala de uma clínica escola de Psicologia. Os resultados apontaram que mães de bebes apresentaram alta frequência da prática de Monitoria Positiva, mas, também alto frequencia de Punição Inconsciente e Disciplina Relaxada. Mães com mais filhos apresentaram alta frequencia de todas as práticas negativas avaliadas enquanto que mães de família nuclear apresentaram alta frequencia de Negligencia e mães com escolaridade mais baixa alta frequencia de práticas negativas e baixa de Monitoria Positiva. Considerando a presença de indicadores de saúde mental observou-se que mães com estresse com Ansiedade-traço em nível clínico utilizam mais as práticas de Punição Inconsciente quando comparadas às mães sem estresse e às mães com Ansiedade-Traço controlada. Além disso, verificou-se correlação entre níve de estresse materno e uso das práticas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Parenting practices are behaviors used by parents, determined by sociodermographic and maternal characteristics, to educate, socialize and control the behavior of their children. The literature points to the existence of positive and negative parenting practices that influence child development in the first months of life. This study aimed to describe, compare and associate the parenting practices of mothers of babies, indicators of maternal mental health and sociodemographic variables. The instruments used for evaluation were: Parenting Styles Inventory Mothers of Babies (IEPMB), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Train Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI) and Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Lipp (ISSL). Participants were 100 mothers of infants six to 12 months of age who frequented an extension project whose objective was to monitor the development of infants up to 12 months. Mothers who were invited and agreed to participate in this study completed the instruments individually at time previoulsy scheduled, in a room of a clinical shool psychology. The results showed that mothers of babies presented high frequency Practice Monitoring Positive, but also high frequency Punishment Inconsistent and Discipline Relaxed. Mothers with more children showed high frequency of all negative practices evaluated while mothers nuclear family showed high frequency of Negligence and mothers with low schooling showed high frequency of all negative practices and low Positive Monitoring. Considering the presence of mental health indicators observed that mothers with mothers with stress and Trait-Anxiety in level clinical used more practices Inconsistent Punishment when compared to mothers without stress and mothers with Trait-Anxiety controlled. In addition, there was a correlation between the level of maternal stress and use practices... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Olga Maria Piazentin Rolim Rodrigues / Banca: Verônica Aparecida Pereira / Banca: Tania Gracy Martins do Valle / Resumo: Due to significant technical and technological advances in neonatology, the survival rate of premature babies and babies having very low birth weight increased. Besides the post-discharge care, the importance of further investigation concerning the behavioral aspects of preterm born children, associated with the study of the influences of educational practices and parental beliefs is highlighted. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the educational practices and beliefs about the development of preterm babies parents (37 weeks) and babies with very low birth weight (1.500g) with parents of children born at term (most children born or equal to 37 weeks) of both sexes, age 22-43 months. Besides describing and comparing behavior problems in the same group we finally related educational practices and beliefs about parents development of this population. The results showed that mothers from both groups cared and encouraged their children, but the Preterm Group, stimulated more than they needed, pointing to a possible failure of the early stimulation program that they attended. Moreover, children GPT, according to reports from their mothers, had more behavior problems than children born at term. It was also observed correlation between educational practices and beliefs and behavior problems. However, the best the practices the more behavior problems / Abstract: Due to significant technical and technological advances in neonatology, the survival rate of premature babies and babies having very low birth weight have increased. Besides the post-discharge care, the importance of further investigation concerning the behavioral aspects of preterm born children, associated with the study of the influences of educational practices and parental beliefs is highlighted. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the educational practices and beliefs about the development of preterm babies parents (37 weeks) and babies with very low birth weigth (1.500g) with parents of children born at term (most children born or equal to 37 weeks) of both sexes, age 22-43 months. Besides describing and comparing behavior problems in the same group we finally related educational practices and beliefs about the parents development of this population. The results showed that mothers from both groups cared and encouraged their children, but the Preterm Group, stimulated more than they needed, poiting to a possible failure of the early stimulation program that they attended. Moreover, children GPT, according to reports from their mothers, had more behavior problems than children born at term. It was also observed correlation between educational practices and beliefs and behavior problems. However, the best the practices the more behavior problems / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-06-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:17:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nogueira_sc_me_bauru.pdf: 609108 bytes, checksum: eba782a14e0fc2d255744dab62acde39 (MD5) / Práticas parentais são comportamentos emitidos pelos pais, determinados por variáveis sociodemográficas de seus filhos. A literatura aponta para a existência de práticas parentais positivas e negativas que influenciaram o desenvolvimento infantil desde os primeiros meses de vida. O presente estudo objetivou descrever, comparar e associar as práticas parentais de mães de bebês, os indicadores de saúde mental materna e variáveis sociodemográficas. Os instrumentos utilizados para avaliação foram: Inventário de Estilos Parentais de Mães de Bebês (IEPMB), Inventário de Ansiedade Traco-Estado (IDATE) e Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL). Participaram 100 mães de bebês com seis a 12 meses de idade que frequentavam um projeto de extensão cujo objetivo era monitorar o desenvlvimento de bebês até 12 meses. As mães que foram convidadas e que aceitaram participar desse estudo, responderam os instrumentos individualmente em horário previamente agendado, em uma sala de uma clínica escola de Psicologia. Os resultados apontaram que mães de bebes apresentaram alta frequência da prática de Monitoria Positiva, mas, também alto frequencia de Punição Inconsciente e Disciplina Relaxada. Mães com mais filhos apresentaram alta frequencia de todas as práticas negativas avaliadas enquanto que mães de família nuclear apresentaram alta frequencia de Negligencia e mães com escolaridade mais baixa alta frequencia de práticas negativas e baixa de Monitoria Positiva. Considerando a presença de indicadores de saúde mental observou-se que mães com estresse com Ansiedade-traço em nível clínico utilizam mais as práticas de Punição Inconsciente quando comparadas às mães sem estresse e às mães com Ansiedade-Traço controlada. Além disso, verificou-se correlação entre níve de estresse materno e uso das práticas... / Parenting practices are behaviors used by parents, determined by sociodermographic and maternal characteristics, to educate, socialize and control the behavior of their children. The literature points to the existence of positive and negative parenting practices that influence child development in the first months of life. This study aimed to describe, compare and associate the parenting practices of mothers of babies, indicators of maternal mental health and sociodemographic variables. The instruments used for evaluation were: Parenting Styles Inventory Mothers of Babies (IEPMB), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Train Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI) and Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Lipp (ISSL). Participants were 100 mothers of infants six to 12 months of age who frequented an extension project whose objective was to monitor the development of infants up to 12 months. Mothers who were invited and agreed to participate in this study completed the instruments individually at time previoulsy scheduled, in a room of a clinical shool psychology. The results showed that mothers of babies presented high frequency Practice Monitoring Positive, but also high frequency Punishment Inconsistent and Discipline Relaxed. Mothers with more children showed high frequency of all negative practices evaluated while mothers nuclear family showed high frequency of Negligence and mothers with low schooling showed high frequency of all negative practices and low Positive Monitoring. Considering the presence of mental health indicators observed that mothers with mothers with stress and Trait-Anxiety in level clinical used more practices Inconsistent Punishment when compared to mothers without stress and mothers with Trait-Anxiety controlled. In addition, there was a correlation between the level of maternal stress and use practices... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Maria Amália de Figueiredo Pereira Alvarenga / Banca: José Carlos Garcia de Freitas / Banca: Aloysio Augusto de Campos Netto / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por base o estudo do instituto da guarda compartilhada de filhos à luz do sistema normativo brasileiro vigente, averiguando sua compatibilidade com o princípio do melhor interesse da criança e do adolescente, como forma de proporcionar uma responsabilização conjunta entre os pais na criação e educação dos filhos menores de idade e não emancipados. Em razão das transformações enfrentadas pela sociedade, torna-se cada vez mais corriqueiro a ruptura dos vínculos conjugais, muitas vezes, abarcada por conflitos envolvendo mágoas e ressentimentos entre os cônjuges; entretanto, vale destacar que a separação refere-se apenas à conjugalidade e jamais à parentalidade. Assim sendo, a autoridade parental, que diz respeito aos direitos e deveres inerentes aos genitores em relação aos filhos, permanecerá com ambos os pais mesmo que algum destes não resida junto à prole. Diante destas situações, faz-se necessária a aplicação da guarda judicial que poderá ser unilateral, ou seja, é designado apenas um dos pais como guardião, que se responsabilizará pelo cotidiano dos filhos, residindo com eles; ou a guarda compartilhada, que consiste na responsabilização conjunta dos genitores para com seus filhos, mantendo a residência destes no lar que melhor lhes convier. Existem dificuldades na aplicação da guarda compartilhada, em especial, no que se refere à obrigatoriedade desta, após o advento da lei n. 13.058/2014. Para que ocorra a correta aplicabilidade da guarda conjunta é... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present study is based on the study of the shared guardianship of children in the light of the brazilian normative system in force, ascertaining its compatibility with the principle of the best interest of the child and the adolescent, as a way of providing a joint responsibility between the parents in the creation and education of minor and non-emancipated children. Due to the transformations faced by society, it is becoming increasingly common to break marital ties, often involving conflicts involving grievances and resentments between the spouses; however, it is worth noting that the separation refers only to conjugality and never to parenthood. Thus, parental authority, which concerns the rights and duties inherent to the parents in relation to the children, will remain with both parents even if one of them does not reside with the offspring. In view of these situations, it is necessary to apply the judicial custody that may be unilateral, that is, only one of the parents is designated as guardian, who will be responsible for the daily life of the children, residing with them; Or shared custody, which consists of the joint responsibility of the parents to their children, keeping their residence in the home that suits them best. There are difficulties in the application of shared custody, especially with regard to its obligation, after the advent of law n. 13.058/2014. In order for the correct application of joint custody to occur, a minimum of respect and proper commu... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Maria Eliza Buzetti Spinelli.pdf: 985424 bytes, checksum: 083a5ab970b028164d61ead0f91ade99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-23 / ABSTRACT This study focuses on parenting, which herein is defined as shared parenting, whereby both the father and the mother share child caring and are providers. The study observed indications provided by family history of parents who facilitate this type of parenting. Four couples in a stable relationship and living in a double-income household, with ages ranging from 30 to 45, where family income is fifteen to forty minimum salaries and that have one or more children from three to seven years old were interviewed together, using a semi-structured questionnaire based of the genogram s construction. The analysis of colleted material was conducive to the conclusion that familial customs are a strong influence on the constitution of parents who share parenting. Whether by repeating role-models or to learn how to do things differently, father and mother roles and the style of the marriage itself are the basis of shared parenting. The approval of novel mother and father role-models by their own parents seems to be a facilitating element for change, as well as the existence of individuals from preceding generations who showed affection and who are admired by the interviewees parents. The influence of culture and of values of a closely-knit family, and the sound sense of individuality that interviewees were able to establish with their families seem to be determining factors for shared parenting. This study is concluded with the assurance that parenting is undergoing changes at this moment; sharing is still disproportionate, where men and women are overburdened with different aspects; however, due to the recognition given to our interviewees by their families, it seems that an equal relationship is increasingly more desired in relationships / Neste estudo, com base num recorte da parentalidade, que se define como parentalidade compartilhada, em que pai e mãe dividem entre si os cuidados com os filhos e ambos provêem a família, procurou-se encontrar indicativos, nas histórias familiares de alguns casais de pais, do que facilita este tipo de parentalidade. Quatro casais que estão em união estável e em situação familiar de dupla renda, com idades entre 30 e 45 anos, com renda familiar entre quinze e quarenta salários mínimos e que possuem um ou mais filhos na faixa etária de três a sete anos, foram entrevistados, conjuntamente, através da entrevista semi-estruturada, baseada na construção do genograma. A análise do material coletado permitiu concluir que o legado familiar influencia fortemente a constituição dos pais que compartilham a parentalidade; seja pela repetição de modelos ou para aprender a fazer diferente, os modelos de pai e mãe e de casamento estão na base da parentalidade compartilhada. A aprovação dos novos comportamentos de pai e mãe, por seus próprios pais, parece ser um elemento facilitador da mudança, bem como a existência de figuras nas gerações passadas que demonstravam afeto e que são admiradas pelos pais entrevistados. A influência da cultura, com valores de família unida, e a boa diferenciação que os entrevistados conseguiram de suas famílias parecem ser fatores determinantes para a parentalidade compartilhada. Este estudo foi concluído com a certeza de que este é um momento de transição na parentalidade; o compartilhar ainda é desproporcional, sobrecarregando homens e mulheres em aspectos diferentes; no entanto, devido à valorização que nossos entrevistados recebem de suas famílias, parece que, cada vez mais, almeja-se a igualdade nas relações

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula Cazarini Ribas de Oliveira.pdf: 917745 bytes, checksum: 349021c52a86f3e4e8e51d7761e20155 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-21 / This work for the Master´s degree has the aim of analyzing the topic of the parents´ responsibility for the damage caused by their children under majority. It is based on the Civil Code from 2002 that introduced two important changes: the straight responsibility of parents and in case they are not able of doing it or do not have enough possessions for satisfying this duty, the law hold responsible the incapable for the compliance with the obligation for the reparation of the victim. Such changes concerning the constitutional principles of the human being´s dignity, solidarity, equality, liberty and psychophysics integrity, the principle of the whole reparation for the damage suffered by the victim and the principle of the whole protection of the rights for the minor, according to the Child and the Teenage Statute combine with the aim of the general civil responsibility, allow the law to give the rules, that the matter is based on, a different comprehension concerning its content and covering. It is said that parents are responsible by the damage caused by their minor children because they were given cause, therefore they must afford the duty that might appear, independently of their marital status whether they are married (the fact or the right), separated, divorced or even if they were removed from the family power or whether it had been suspended. In any case, there will be solidarity between parents for the compliance with the obligation for the reparation. In this context, hypotheses that move away the parents´ responsibility are reduced. The chances of the victim to obtain the reparation for the damage suffered increase at the same time that there is the guarantee for more protection to the minor who might have his own property reached in case parents neither answer to the obligation of the reparation nor are responsible for it / Esta dissertação de mestrado tem por escopo analisar o instituto da responsabilidade civil dos pais pelos danos causados por seus filhos menores sob o enfoque do Código Civil de 2002, que introduziu, nesta seara, duas importantes modificações: fixou a responsabilidade objetiva dos pais e responsabilizou o incapaz pelo cumprimento da obrigação de reparar a vítima, caso os pais não sejam responsáveis ou não tenham bens suficientes para satisfazer esta obrigação. Tais alterações, associadas aos princípios constitucionais da dignidade da pessoa humana, da solidariedade, da igualdade, da liberdade e da integridade psicofísica; ao princípio da reparação integral do dano sofrido pela vítima e ao princípio da proteção integral dos direitos do menor, fixados pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, combinados com a finalidade da responsabilidade civil geral, permitem atribuir às regras que regem a matéria uma interpretação diferente quanto ao seu conteúdo e alcance. Sustenta-se que os pais são responsáveis pelos danos causados por seus filhos menores porque lhes deram causa, devendo suportar os ônus daí decorrentes, independentemente do estado civil, ou seja, se casados (de fato ou de direito), separados ou divorciados entre si e ainda que sejam destituídos do poder familiar ou tenham este poder suspenso. Em qualquer desses casos haverá solidariedade, entre os pais, pelo cumprimento da obrigação de reparar. Neste contexto, as hipóteses que afastam a responsabilidade dos pais são reduzidas, aumentam as chances de a vítima obter a reparação de seu dano, integralmente, ao mesmo tempo em que se garante maior proteção ao menor, que poderá ter seu próprio patrimônio alcançado se os pais não satisfizerem a obrigação de reparar ou não forem por ela responsabilizados