The rudimentary cost accounting methods were set up for an organization¡¦s internal planning and controlling, its main function is to provide managers with information of program-control, product cost calculation and performance assessment. At that time, cost-management system had not been affected by external accounting statement.Follow the organization¡¦s growth and expansion,the relationship of external investors and government between businesses is becoming much more closer, the method,that lead to external audit and accounting statement became more important and even supersede the function of old accounting methods. The current costing methods used by ordinary enterprises are traditional ones ,which emphasizing on writing accounting statement, that could not provide managers with real-time and useful management information. After 1980, however, some scholars began to notice these problems and announced new cost accounting methods to solve defects of traditional accounting .On the base of traditional job costing, process costing, standard costing, new accounting ABC and target costing development, this study is to redesign an integrated costing system to meet three major targets---editing financial statement, providing related information about program-control and assessing product cost. According to the research design, to compare advantages and disadvantages of all costing methods firstly ;and then ,take the job costing, process costing and ABC as the actual costing on one hand, and take the standard costing and target costing are as estimated costing on the other hand. And to co-operate costing skills, such as AIS, responsibility center, pricing assignment and balanced scorecard ,integrating these two dimension to form an integrated strategic costing management. Applying this system into a case company can not only assess cost more accurate but also get cost-difference analysis of operation center and usage of company¡¦s resources. In hence, that can satisfy a manager¡¦s information demand, and good for exception management and performance assement.

Bakgrund: För att en organisation ska kunna existera behövs ledarskap, arbetsfördelning, formell och informell kommunikation mellan ansvarsenheter. En ansvarsenhet är en del av ett företag som styrs av en chef och förekommer för att uppnå ett eller flera strategiska mål. Ansvarsenheter kontrolleras och styrs av ansvarsredovisning.Problemformulering: Ansvarsredovisning är ett verktyg som tillämpas för att styra enheter inom större organisationer. Organisationer har problem med att tillämpa ansvarsredovisningens egenskaper på korrekt sätt. Syftet med studien är att undersöka egenskaper i ansvarsredovisning som kan identifieras med Byggföretaget AB. Det här genom att undersöka hur ansvar ser ut i en enhet och hur utvärderingen av en enhetschef utförs.Metod och teori: En fallstudie har genomförts för att besvara syftet. Empirisk data samlades in genom intervjuer med ekonomichefen och en platschef på Byggföretaget AB. Den insamlade data sammanställdes för att jämföras med relevant teori. Teoriavsnittet består av två delar. Första delen beskriver ansvar för att definiera ansvarsredovisning ur ett socialt perspektiv. Andra delen redogör för de grundläggande tekniska begreppen ansvarsenheter, rapportering, decentralisering, organisationsstruktur och internpriser.Resultat: Analys och diskussion leder fram till att Byggföretaget AB tillämpar en divisionaliserad organisationsstruktur vilket har gemensamma egenskaper med ansvarsredovisning. Resultatet tydliggör att specifika egenskaper som kontroll, uppföljning, ansvarsfördelning och rapportering finns i ansvarsredovisning och Byggföretaget AB / Program: Civilekonomprogrammet

This thesis is focused for accounting responsability, which purpose is capturing the responsibility of individual economic centers and evaluation of their performance. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part explains the basic concepts of responsibility accounting. The practical part is already focused on the application of responsibility accounting in selected company. First, it is characterized by the company and its line of business. Furthermore, it analyzes the organizational structure of the company, based on results together with the scope of business are proposed economic centers. Individual departments are compiled results of operations and established key performance indicators used to evaluate the performance of departments. The work could especially contribute to the eventual development of society.

This thesis describes a meteorological products market from one company's perspective. It describes inner organization of this meteorological company, its costs, profits and price creation. Thesis lists and describes contemporary management accounting methods and applies them to the decision making of such small company. The research part describes possibilities of applying management accounting methods and valuates the usability of such methods in this particular company.

An opening part of the thesis explains the role of responsibility accounting within overall management control system of a company. Individual chapters are focused on the key specific aspects of businesses with a divisionalized organizational structure. A description of principal characteristics related to this type of an organizational structure is followed by a detailed explanation of various types of responsibility centers. A subsequent chapter deals with bookkeeping aspects of responsibility accounting as well as with transfer prices. A theoretical part is concluded after a comprehensive analysis of a characteristic features related to responsibility centers' financial management on different levels of a corporate's hierarchy. An application part of the thesis is based on an assessment of responsibility accounting environment within a chosen responsibility center inside a real divisionalized corporation.

This diploma thesis focuses on Managerial Accounting and its tools and techniques. The main part of it would serve to review whether theoretical principles of Managerial Accounting are efficiently implemented and whether Key Performance Indicators are properly set to fulfil their essential functions to measure, motivate and manage achievement of performance goals. It further investigates Responsibility Accounting, Performance Management and how they influence and impact the reward system and the motivation of employees. This thesis would provide a general overview related to modern techniques such as Management Control Systems, which are nowadays popularly used to coordinate development of human resources, their motivation, assessment and other factors influencing performance. The practical part of this thesis includes analysis of the remuneration system in concrete company, namely Philip Morris ČR a.s. The last chapter also summarizes strengths and weaknesses of the current system and suggests improvements to influence performance and employees motivation more positively and how to prosper from the application of Managerial Accounting tools.

Text in Afrikaans / The purpose of the research is to compare the quantity and quality of reporting on the employees of companies with the profitability and size of the top 100 companies over a four year period. The research is limited to the availability of quality information on employees in the financial statements of companies. A literature study is followed by an emperical inquiry into a comparison of the reporting on employees with the profitability and size of companies. The results reflect the following: * the quantity and quality of reporting on the employees of companies does not inevitably show an increase; * a significant relationship exist between the size and profitability of companies; * the role of reporting on the employees of companies is significant with regards to profit determination; and * some of the companies performed uniquely with regards to the quantity and quality of reporting on the employees of companies. / Accounting / M.Comm.(Accounting)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao_Luis_Priori_Porto.pdf: 700948 bytes, checksum: 320e3f05c7ba8e849823f10635ca8cb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / The objective of this research was to verify the level of disclosure of the risks associated with climate change in the reports of companies of the corporate sustainability index stock (ISE) of (BM&FBOVESPA). To acomplish this objective a content analysis was performed in the Environmental or Sustainability Reports, Financial Statements, and in the Management Report of the year 2008, from companies that have remained members of ISE, for three consecutive years, in the period from 2006 to 2008. The level of disclosure was assessed on the basis of the types and characteristics of disclosure: (declarative, quantitative, monetary , monetary and quantitative). Understanding that is relevant not only to investigate the level of risk disclosure, other specific objectives were established related to risk management, mitigating actions and opportunities related to climate change disclosure. The results showed that in the sustainability reports, for the period under examination and, in the set of categories analysed, a total of 228 disclosures for a total maximum possible of 322, i.e. 65%. In the Management Report this percentage is reduced to 27% and in the explanatory notes to 6%. In the Sustainability reports, of 14 companies analysed, 4 have a disclosure index above 80%, 7 companies showed indexes between 50 and 80% and 3 between 30 to 48%. The category with the largest index of disclosure was the strategic analysis of climatic risks whose index reached 84%, the ISO 14000 certification subcategory was disclosed in 100% of the companies. Although most of the information disclosed be as declarative type, the category Mitigating Actions presented the largest monetary quantitative information index, the subcategory Environmental Investments had its values available for 100% of the companies. It was also found in the category Opportunities, a companies' concern to disseminate information on new products (57%), alternative energy sources (86%) and information about ecoefficiency (100%). / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar o n??vel de divulga????o dos riscos associados ??s mudan??as clim??ticas nos relat??rios das empresas integrantes do ??ndice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) da Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros do Estado de S??o Paulo (BM&FBOVESPA). Nesse sentido, foram analisados os relat??rios ambientais ou de sustentabilidade, as demonstra????es cont??beis e os relat??rios da administra????o, do ano de 2008, das empresas que permaneceram integrantes do ISE, por tr??s anos consecutivos, no per??odo de 2006 a 2008. O n??vel de divulga????o foi avaliado com base nos tipos ou caracter??sticas da informa????o (declarativa, quantitativa n??o monet??ria, quantitativa monet??ria, quantitativa monet??ria e n??o monet??ria). Considerando relevante n??o somente investigar o n??vel da divulga????o dos riscos, foram estabelecidos objetivos espec??ficos relacionados ?? divulga????o da gest??o dos riscos, das a????es mitigadoras e das oportunidades relacionadas ?? mudan??a clim??tica. Os resultados demonstram que, nos relat??rios de sustentabilidade, no per??odo analisado e, no conjunto das categorias analisadas, o n??mero total evidenciado foi de 228 divulga????es para um total m??ximo poss??vel de 322, ou seja, 65%. No relat??rio da administra????o, esse percentual se reduz para 27% e nas notas explicativas para 6%. Nos relat??rios de sustentabilidade, das 14 empresas analisadas, 4 apresentaram ??ndice de divulga????o acima de 80%; 7 empresas apresentaram ??ndices entre 50 e 80% e 3 entre 30 a 48%. A categoria com maior ??ndice de divulga????o foi a de an??lise estrat??gica dos riscos clim??ticos, cujo ??ndice atingiu 84%, destacando-se a subcategoria certifica????o ISO 14000 divulgado em 100% das empresas. Embora a maior parte das informa????es divulgadas seja do tipo declarativa, a categoria a????es mitigadoras apresentou o maior ??ndice de informa????es quantitativo monet??rio, sendo que a subcategoria investimentos ambientais teve seus valores divulgados em 100% das empresas. Constatou-se, tamb??m, na categoria oportunidades, uma preocupa????o, por parte das empresas, em divulgar informa????es sobre novos produtos (57%), fontes alternativas de energia (86%) e informa????es sobre ecoefici??ncia (100%).

Text in Afrikaans / The purpose of the research is to compare the quantity and quality of reporting on the employees of companies with the profitability and size of the top 100 companies over a four year period. The research is limited to the availability of quality information on employees in the financial statements of companies. A literature study is followed by an emperical inquiry into a comparison of the reporting on employees with the profitability and size of companies. The results reflect the following: * the quantity and quality of reporting on the employees of companies does not inevitably show an increase; * a significant relationship exist between the size and profitability of companies; * the role of reporting on the employees of companies is significant with regards to profit determination; and * some of the companies performed uniquely with regards to the quantity and quality of reporting on the employees of companies. / Accounting / M.Comm.(Accounting)

Corporate reporting has changed from the traditional form of reporting which covered financial information only to the modern form of reporting called integrated reporting which covers, financial, corporate governance and sustainability information. The levels of corporate disclosure among corporate entities within any country and between countries are thus likely to have been affected by this change. Motivated by the IMF/World Bank (2006) that observed that corporate reporting improved in Botswana during the previous five years, without indicating what the actual level was or how it compares with that of other countries; this study sought to determine the actual level of corporate disclosure of two samples of companies: 23 companies listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) and the top 40 companies (by market capitalisation) that are listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). The study also shows how the two levels of corporate disclosure compare. This study is qualitative and descriptive by design; and involves analysing the content of the corporate annual report of each company in a sample using a corporate disclosure checklist; and determining the level of corporate disclosure for each sample of companies. The process ends with a comparative analysis of the levels of corporate disclosure of the companies from the two samples. Consistent with the IMF/World Bank report, the study revealed that the level of corporate disclosure in the BSE sample was low but increasing. However, the increase in the level of corporate disclosure varied from sector to sector and the specific information items. The study also showed that integrated reporting was not practised at all by the companies in the BSE sample. Comparatively, companies in the JSE sample had a higher level of corporate disclosure than that of companies in the BSE sample; and the rate of increase was much higher than that in the BSE sample. The study further found integrated reporting practiced in the entire JSE sample, although at different levels. xi This study also noted that although in principle it is sensible to benchmark from the best, other fundamental factors need to be considered before carrying out the exercise. Furthermore, the study indicated that the prevalent low level of corporate disclosure in the BSE sample was evidence that the corporate reporting environment in which the BSE lies was not conducive for the theories of corporate disclosure to fully explain corporate disclosure. A number of recommendations were made including establishing corporate disclosure indices and creation of a corporate environment in which all the theories discussed in the study can explain corporate disclosure. This study contributes to the literature on cross-country corporate disclosure and cautions companies with low levels of corporate disclosure not to embark on benchmarking without creating an environment conducive for corporate reporting. The study also offers useful insights to policymakers in Botswana and South Africa; and stimulates further research on cross-country corporate disclosure. The academia too will be able to identify areas for further research from this study. / Business Management / M. Com. (Accounting)