In three chapters, I focus on how, and which, policy parameters of Canada’s public pension system affect seniors’ labour supply decisions. First, I study seniors’ labour supply responses to a series of reforms in 2012 and 2013 that incentivized many pensioners to extend their working lives; second, I assess how and whether receipt of public pension benefits affects seniors’ retirement timing differentially for those with different past earnings at ages 50-53; and, finally, I investigate older immigrants’ retirement and pension claiming decisions and how these decisions are impacted by permanent residency requirements for benefit eligibility. My analyses were carried out using income-tax and related panel data from the Longitudinal Administrative Databank (LAD), a 20% sample of taxpayers spanning the years 1982-2019 at the time of writing. In addition to detailed income-tax information, it contains information on receipt of non-taxable transfer income. / Dissertation / Candidate in Philosophy

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Faculty of Economics and Commerce, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 310-326)

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.

We use the labor force ad hoc module "transition from work into retirement" to analyze the link between individual as well as pension system characteristics and planned retirement age within the European Union. We find that timing of retirement is correlated between partners who are, already at the stage of retirement planning. In richer countries of the EU15, standard retirement age seems to have a larger effect on planned retirement age than in poorer EU15 states or in new EU member states. The effect of pension wealth is largest in the new EU member states and smallest in rich EU15 countries. Furthermore, industry and occupation effects differ by country type. (authors' abstract)

A estrutura da provisão habitacional torna-se relevante para o Estado de Honduras a partir da segunda metade do século XX, quando foram realizadas as primeiras legislações voltadas à produção de moradias para o setor de baixa renda. Em 1957, o Instituto Nacional de Habitação (INVA) foi criado. Provisão posteriormente reforçada com a produção semi estatal promovida pelos Institutos de Aposentadoria e Pensões (IJPs). Sob esta abordagem, o objetivo da pesquisa é caracterizar a estrutura de provisão através da implementação das políticas de moradia decretadas, identificando os agentes, os programas realizados, a produção habitacional desenvolvida e as modalidades de financiamento. Por meio de uma investigação histórica documental de dados primários em arquivos públicos, buscam-se compreender quais eram as lógicas e os objetivos que impulsionaram as ações de 1957 a 2002. Analisa-se o contexto econômico, político e social que motivou a implementação das políticas publicas de habitação e origina uma análise da produção desenvolvida pelas IJPs e os resultados alcançados. Os números mostram que a produção habitacional promovida pelo Estado e pelos IJPs entre 1957-1982 foi de aproximadamente 76.639 unidades. A produção habitacional teve como objetivo proporcionar uma resposta habitacional aos dois maiores setores do Estado, funcionários públicos e sector de educação. Ao analisar essa produção em termos de distribuição espacial, os dados mostram que os dois principais centros urbanos, Tegucigalpa e San Pedro Sula, beneficiaram-se de 73% do total da produção urbana desenvolvida no período. / The housing provision structure becomes relevant for the State of Honduras in the second half of the 20th century, when the first legislations aimed at housing production for the low income sector were undertaken. In 1957, the National Housing Institute (INVA) was created. This provision was later reinforced with the semi-state production promoted by the Retirement and Pension Institute (IJPs). Under this approach, the objective of the research will be to portray the housing provision structure through the implementation of the housing policies, identify the agents, the programs undertaken, the housing production developed and the financing methods. Through a historical investigation of documents of primary data in public archives, the goal is to understand the reasoning and objectives that drove the actions from 1957 to 2002. The economic, political and social context that motivated the implementation of the public housing policies will be examined and starts an analysis of the production by the IJPs and the results achieved. The figures show that the housing production promoted by the State and the IJPs between the years of 1957 and 2002 was approximately 76,639 units. Housing production aimed at providing a housing response to the two largest sectors of the State, public officials and the teacher sector. When analyzing this production in terms of spatial distribution, the data shows that the two main urban centers, Tegucigalpa and San Pedro Sula, benefited from 73% of the total housing production during the period.

A estrutura da provisão habitacional torna-se relevante para o Estado de Honduras a partir da segunda metade do século XX, quando foram realizadas as primeiras legislações voltadas à produção de moradias para o setor de baixa renda. Em 1957, o Instituto Nacional de Habitação (INVA) foi criado. Provisão posteriormente reforçada com a produção semi estatal promovida pelos Institutos de Aposentadoria e Pensões (IJPs). Sob esta abordagem, o objetivo da pesquisa é caracterizar a estrutura de provisão através da implementação das políticas de moradia decretadas, identificando os agentes, os programas realizados, a produção habitacional desenvolvida e as modalidades de financiamento. Por meio de uma investigação histórica documental de dados primários em arquivos públicos, buscam-se compreender quais eram as lógicas e os objetivos que impulsionaram as ações de 1957 a 2002. Analisa-se o contexto econômico, político e social que motivou a implementação das políticas publicas de habitação e origina uma análise da produção desenvolvida pelas IJPs e os resultados alcançados. Os números mostram que a produção habitacional promovida pelo Estado e pelos IJPs entre 1957-1982 foi de aproximadamente 76.639 unidades. A produção habitacional teve como objetivo proporcionar uma resposta habitacional aos dois maiores setores do Estado, funcionários públicos e sector de educação. Ao analisar essa produção em termos de distribuição espacial, os dados mostram que os dois principais centros urbanos, Tegucigalpa e San Pedro Sula, beneficiaram-se de 73% do total da produção urbana desenvolvida no período. / The housing provision structure becomes relevant for the State of Honduras in the second half of the 20th century, when the first legislations aimed at housing production for the low income sector were undertaken. In 1957, the National Housing Institute (INVA) was created. This provision was later reinforced with the semi-state production promoted by the Retirement and Pension Institute (IJPs). Under this approach, the objective of the research will be to portray the housing provision structure through the implementation of the housing policies, identify the agents, the programs undertaken, the housing production developed and the financing methods. Through a historical investigation of documents of primary data in public archives, the goal is to understand the reasoning and objectives that drove the actions from 1957 to 2002. The economic, political and social context that motivated the implementation of the public housing policies will be examined and starts an analysis of the production by the IJPs and the results achieved. The figures show that the housing production promoted by the State and the IJPs between the years of 1957 and 2002 was approximately 76,639 units. Housing production aimed at providing a housing response to the two largest sectors of the State, public officials and the teacher sector. When analyzing this production in terms of spatial distribution, the data shows that the two main urban centers, Tegucigalpa and San Pedro Sula, benefited from 73% of the total housing production during the period.

Pension insurance and demographic development in the Czech Republic Abstract The aim of this thesis is to describe the development of the pension insurance in the Czech Republic and changes in retirement age in relation to the development of life expectancy and changes in the age structure of the population of the Czech Republic. In the first part of the work, there demographic changes of the population are described and in particular, changes in the age structure of the population of the Czech Republic. The second part provides an overview of the historical development of pension insurance in the territory of today's Czech Republic, in particular the development of the most important laws, but also statistical data as well as basic concepts and characteristics of the current pension scheme. In the third part of this thesis are analyzed the changes in the age structure of the population and their relation to raising retirement age in the pension scheme of Czech Republic. Keywords: pension insurance, retirement age, the age structure of the population, life expectancy.

Itinerários da Primeira Previdência Privada no Brasil, de uma iniciativa eclesial (1864) à consolidação de uma entidade aberta de previdência complementar (1993) é uma narrativa histórico-interpretativa da saga previdenciária de uma instituição eclesiástica de confissão luterana oriunda da imigração alemã no Brasil. Desde 1864, pastores alemães enviados ao Brasil, possuidores de cultura previdenciária, inspirados no associativismo que fundamentam o mutualismo, buscaram resolver seus problemas de desamparo previdenciário num ambiente em que sua religião era apenas tolerada pelo Império brasileiro e num contexto em que vigia ainda a escravidão, e onde as soluções previdenciárias oficiais eram patrocinadas e proporcionadas apenas pelos montepios. Sem nenhum apoio estatal, financeiro ou legal, por iniciativa privada e associativa, fundaram discretamente em 1 de março de 1883, no Rio Grande do Sul, o que a história maior deve laurear como a primeira previdência privada no Brasil. Característica desse modelo organizacional e do conceito moderno de previdência complementar é que se tratava de uma organização de pessoas físicas, de capital privado e gestionada pelos próprios associados que visava o pagamento de renda mensal vitalícia a clérigos inválidos, suas viúvas e órfãos, uma verdadeira previdência privada. Ao longo desses 130 anos de história as iniciativas e as soluções, ora foram dadas pelos próprios associados, ora pela Igreja Territorial da Prússia (Alemanha), alternando-se os patrocínios dos modelos, no Brasil e na Alemanha, quando das Primeira e Segunda Guerras Mundiais, até o encaminhamento final a partir de 1952, depois 1974, quando foi possível aos religiosos filiarem-se ao sistema oficial de previdência social no Brasil, para, por fim, consolidar-se como a última entidade aberta de previdência privada, sem fins lucrativos, a ser autorizada a funcionar no Brasil, com o nome de Luterprev, em 1993, atual etapa desse processo histórico previdenciário que se apresenta como cíclico e evolutivo. Essa singular história da previdência privada é representativa não apenas no âmbito da Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil, cuja confissão teológica está presente no País desde 1824, como também significativa no bojo da história maior da previdência privada no Brasil, pois inaugura, de forma inédita, a temática na historiografia eclesiástica brasileira, contribuindo igualmente, do específico para o geral, para a historiografia previdenciária no Brasil. Do ponto de vista da ciência administrativa é proposta uma discussão, aplicável a vários tipos de organizações humanas, eixos questionadores às fases históricas estabelecidos como eticização, profissionalização e capitalização, como sendo um diálogo entre a teoria das organizações e a teologia. Na perspectiva histórica, deve-se ainda registrar esse feito como uma nova contribuição da imigração alemã no País quando em 2014 se comemora 190 anos dessa imigração ao Brasil. / Itineraries of the First Private Pension Plan in Brazil, from an ecclesial initiative (1864) to the consolidation of an open entity for complementary pension funds (1993) is an interpretative historical narrative of the pension plan saga of an ecclesiastical institution of Lutheran confession originating with the German immigration in Brazil. As of 1864, German pastors sent to Brazil, having a pension plan culture, inspired in the associativism which gives foundation to mutualism, sought to resolve their problems of the lack of pension support in an environment in which their religion was only tolerated by the Brazilian Empire and in a context in which slavery still existed and where the official pension solutions were sponsored and granted only by the montepios (private social pension associations).Without any state financial or legal support, through a private and associative initiative, they discreetly founded, on March 1st of 1883, in Rio Grande do Sul, what the broader history should honor as the first private pension plan in Brazil. Characteristic of this organizational model and of the modern complementary pension plan, this was an organization of physical persons, with private capital and managed by the members themselves which aimed at paying a life time monthly income to invalid clergy, their widows and orphans, a true private pension plan. Throughout these 130 years of history the initiatives and the solutions were sometimes taken by the members themselves, sometimes by the Territorial Church of Prussia (Germany), the sponsorship of the models alternating between Brazil and Germany, due to the First and Second World Wars, until finally, as of 1952, and later 1974, it was possible for these religious people to join the official social security system in Brazil, and in the end they were able to consolidate the last open private pension plan non-profit entity, to be authorized to work in Brazil with the name of Luterprev, in 1993. This is the current stage of this pension plan historical process which presents itself as ciclical and evolutionary. This unique history of the private pension plan is representative not only in the area of the Evangelical Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil, the theological confession of which has been present in the country since 1824, but is also significant in the midst of the broader history of private pension systems in Brazil, since it inaugurates, in an unprecedented way, the theme within the Brazilian ecclesiastical historiography, equally contributing, from the specific to the general, to the pension historiography in Brazil. From the administrative science point of view a discussion is proposed, which is applicable to various types of human organizations, about questioning axes related to the established historical phases such as ethicization, professionalization and (financial) capitalization as being a dialog between the theory of organizations and theology. From the historical perspective, this accomplishment should also be registered as a new contribution of the German immigration in the country when in 2014 190 years of this immigration to the country is commemorated.

Establishing retirement age is a key issue for each and every pension system. How this issue is resolved is palpable for every citizen and also has a major political dimension. The main reasons for increasing the retirement age - which is occurring in all European countries - are demographic development and economic factors, such as higher life expectancy, increasing the proportion of pensioners to the number of economically active people, and the growing costs for the pension system. This thesis describes the current reform steps in Europe and provides a thorough analysis of factors which are relevant for dealing with retirement age issues. The analysis is based on official statistical data, which are scrutinized even in mutual correlations. The need for an interdisciplinary approach which eliminates unilateral vistas and biased application of data lifted out of context and long-term trends is emphasized. Special attention is paid to the genesis and current solutions regarding the retirement age in the Czech Republic. This thesis offers reasoning which supports setting 65 years of age as the statutory retirement age, including the mechanism for increasing it depending on how the life expectancy factor develops. How the retirement age issues are dealt with is based on the fundamental ethical...

This Master´s thesis deals with the topic of optional saving for retirement. The pension schemes of selected European countries and of the Czech Republic are described. Also the current situation and the problems these schemes are facing are analyzed. The thesis focuses on the forthcoming pension scheme reform in the Czech Republic. Further, the possible ways of the complementary pension scheme pillar financing using saving products are analyzed in detail. The objective of the thesis is to design an expert system for optimal saving product selection according to client´s individual requirements.