Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-19T11:49:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Michel Jos? Sales A. Helayel.pdf: 11350186 bytes, checksum: ab1a4bf6f150ee6e971e58207f995bff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T11:49:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Michel Jos? Sales A. Helayel.pdf: 11350186 bytes, checksum: ab1a4bf6f150ee6e971e58207f995bff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of acetamid in experimental poisoning by Pseudocalymma elegans in sheep, goats and rabbits, in order to prove indirectly that monofluoroacetate (MF) is responsible for the clinical signs and death of animals that ingested the plant. Experiments were performed to determine for sheep and goats the lethal dose of P. elegans collected in Rio Bonito, RJ, in different seasons, and to adjust the dose of acetamid to be administered. In the first experiment, four animals received 1.0g/kg of fresh P. elegans, and two others were pretreated with 2.0g/kg of acetamid. None of the animals showed clinical signs or died. Possibly, the plant could be less toxic, since it was collected at the end of the rainy season. In the second experiment, two sheep and two goats received 0.67 and 1.0g/kg of the dried plant, after pretreatment with 2.0 and 3.0g/kg of acetamid, respectively. All animals died, as the administered doses of P. elegans were very high. In the third experiment, two sheep and two goats received 0.333g/kg of dried P. elegans after previous administration of 2.0g/kg of acetamid; a week later, the protocol above was repeated, but without the antidote. In experiments with rabbits, doses of 0.5 and 1.0g/kg of dried P. elegans were given after administration of 3.0g/kg of acetamid; seven days later, the same protocol was repeated, except the administration of acetamide. This procedure, when acetamid was administered before, prevented the appearance of clinical signs and death of sheep, goats and rabbits. But the animals not treated with acetamid showed symptoms of poisoning and died. Clinically, the sheep and goats had tachycardia, engorged jugular vein, positive venous pulse, lateral recumbence, and muscle tremors. In the "dramatic phase?, the animals fell into lateral position, stretched the limbs, were paddling and died within minutes. The rabbits showed apathy, muscle tremors, vocalization and lateral decumbence minutes before death. At postmortem examination, the sheep and goats had engorged jugular veins and atria, dilated Vena cava cranialis and caudalis, as well as pulmonary edema, hepatic congestion and edema of the gallbladder subserosa. In rabbits, the main macroscopic alterations were dilated atria, engorged Vena cava cranialis and caudalis, and congested liver and diaphragm vessels. Histopathology revealed, in two sheep and one goat, vacuolar-hydropic degeneration of the distal convoluted kidney tubules, together with caryopicnosis. In the rabbits, the liver showed severe congestion with numerous shock corpuscles. The experimental results show indirectly that MF is to be held responsible for death of the animals that ingested P. elegans; since "acetate donor" compounds, such as acetamid, are capable to reduce the competitive inhibition of MF for the same active site (Coenzyme A) which prevents the formation of fluorocitrate, its active metabolite, formed in the body through the socalled "lethal synthesis". / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito protetor da acetamida nas intoxica??es experimentais por Pseudocalymma elegans (Bignoniaceae) em ovinos, caprinos e coelhos, com a finalidade de comprovar indiretamente que o monofluoroacetato ? respons?vel pela sintomatologia e morte dos animais que ingerem essa planta. Foram realizados experimentos para determinar a dose letal da planta coletada em Rio Bonito, RJ, em diferentes ?pocas do ano para ovinos e caprinos e ajustar a dose de acetamida a ser administrada. No primeiro experimento, dois ovinos e dois caprinos receberam 1,0 g/kg de P. elegans fresca e um animal de cada esp?cie foi tratado previamente com 2,0 g/kg de acetamida. Nenhum animal apresentou altera??es cl?nicas ou morreu. Ao que tudo indica a planta poderia estar menos t?xica, j? que foi coletada no fim da esta??o das ?guas. No segundo experimento, dois ovinos e dois caprinos receberam 0,67 e 1,0 g/kg da planta dessecada, ap?s tratamento pr?vio, com 2,0 e 3,0 g/kg de acetamida, respectivamente. Todos os animais morreram, pois administramos doses muito altas de P. elegans. No terceiro experimento, dois ovinos e dois caprinos receberam, 0,333 g/kg de P. elegans dessecada, ap?s administra??o pr?via de 2,0 g/kg de acetamida. Uma semana depois, o protocolo acima foi repetido, por?m sem o ant?doto. Nos experimentos com coelhos, foram administradas doses de 0,5 e 1,0 g/kg de P. elegans dessecada ap?s a administra??o de 3,0 g/kg de acetamida. Sete dias depois, o mesmo protocolo foi repetido, com exce??o da administra??o de acetamida. Esta, quando administrada previamente, evitou o aparecimento dos sinais cl?nicos e a morte dos ovinos, caprinos e coelhos, j? os animais n?o tratados com acetamida apresentaram sintomatologia e morreram. Clinicamente, os ovinos e caprinos manifestaram taquicardia, jugulares ingurgitadas, pulso venoso positivo, dec?bito esternal e tremores musculares. Na ?fase dram?tica?, os animais ca?am em dec?bito lateral, esticavam os membros, faziam movimentos de pedalagem e morriam em poucos minutos. Nos coelhos observaram-se apatia, tremores musculares, dec?bito lateral e vocaliza??o minutos antes da morte. A avalia??o macrosc?pica revelou, nos ovinos e caprinos, jugulares ingurgitadas, aur?culas, veia cava caudal e cranial dilatadas, al?m de edema pulmonar, congest?o hep?tica e edema na subserosa da ves?cula biliar. Nos coelhos as principais altera??es observadas foram aur?culas dilatadas, veia cava caudal e cranial ingurgitadas, f?gado e vasos do diafragma congestos. O exame histopatol?gico revelou, em dois ovinos e um caprino, degenera??o hidr?pico-vacuolar dos t?bulos urin?feros contornados distais associada ? cariopicnose. Nos coelhos havia congest?o hep?tica acentuada com numerosos corp?sculos de choque. Nossos resultados comprovam, de forma indireta, que o MF ? respons?vel pela morte dos animais que ingerem essa planta, uma vez que compostos ?doadores de acetato? como a acetamida, s?o capazes de reduzir a inibi??o competitiva do MF pelo mesmo s?tio ativo (Coenzima A), o que impede a forma??o do fluorocitrato, seu metab?lito ativo, formado no organismo por meio da denominada ?s?ntese letal?.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-20T14:14:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - NAIARA DE MIRANDA BENTO RODRIGUES.pdf: 1508318 bytes, checksum: bbf2aebb5d43033339bf559d73461919 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T14:14:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - NAIARA DE MIRANDA BENTO RODRIGUES.pdf: 1508318 bytes, checksum: bbf2aebb5d43033339bf559d73461919 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPQ / Mastitis adversely affects milk production and in general cows do not regain their full production levels post recovery, leading to considerable economic losses. Moreover the percentage decrease in milk production depends on the specific pathogen that caused the infection and enterobacteria are responsible for this greater reduction. These microorganisms are preferentially found in the habitat of animals in places contaminated with feces, urine, clay and also organic beds. Phenotypic tests are among the currently available methods used worldwide to identify enterobacteria; however they tend to misdiagnose the species despite the multiple tests carried out and they can delay the antibiotic therapy by clinic veterinary. On the other hand the MALDI-TOF MS technique has been attracting attention for its precise identification of several microorganisms at species level. In the current study, 183 enterobacteria were detected in milk (n=47) and fecal samples (n=94) collected from cows; also water (n=23) and milk line samples (n=19) collected from a farm in Rio de Janeiro with the purpose to present the MALDI-TOF MS technique as efficient methodology and also as a ?gold standard? to better understand the possible current biochemical errors in enterobacteria identification considering isolates from bovine environments. This proteomic technique confirmed 92.9% (170/183) of the enterobacteria species identified by biochemical tests that showed high sensitivity (> 81%) and specificity (> 89%). The gyrB sequencing was made in eigth from thirteen misidentified enterobacteria and confirmed 100% the MALDI-TOF results, so the proteomic technique was used as a ?gold standard? for this study. The amino acid decarboxylation test made the most misidentifications and Enterobacter spp was the largest misidentified genus (76.9%, 10/13). E.coli was prevalent (83%, 152/183) in all samples and the bovine milk presented the most enterobacteria diversity. The Salmonella sp wasn?t detected in feces bovine samples and all water samples from different points in the farm presented unacceptable microbiological standards. Was identified enterobacteria in milkers hands and nasal cavity also in the milking machines used on the property. These results aim to contribute significantly to the characterization of the Enterobacteriaceae as well in understanding of its spread in dairy production environment , assisting in need diagnostic of possible agents involved in bovine mastitis as well as to implement properly targeted prophylactic measures. / A mastite bovina afeta negativamente a produ??o de leite dificultando a recupera??o dos n?veis de produ??o total das propriedades leiteiras, levando a perdas econ?micas consider?veis. Esta redu??o no percentual da produ??o de leite pode estar associada ao agente patog?nico espec?fico que causou a infec??o, sendo as enterobact?rias frequentemente respons?veis pela mastite ambiental. Estes microrganismos s?o preferencialmente encontrados no habitat normal dos animais como locais que apresentam esterco, urina, barro e camas org?nicas. Os testes fenot?picos est?o entre os m?todos dispon?veis atualmente utilizados para identificar as enterobact?rias; no entanto, eles podem ocasionalmente identitificar erroneamente algumas esp?cies apesar dos m?ltiplos ensaios realizados. Al?m disso, a demora na sua execu??o pode tardar a antibioticoterapia realizada em campo. Por outro lado, a t?cnica de MALDI-TOF MS tem atra?do a aten??o pela sua identifica??o precisa dos v?rios microorganismos em n?vel de esp?cie. No presente estudo, um total de 183 enterobact?rias foram isoladas a partir de amostras de leite (n=47) e fezes colhidas de vacas em lacta??o (n=94); amostras de ?gua (n=23) e na linha de ordenha (n=19) em uma propriedade situada no Rio de Janeiro. A proposta foi utilizar a t?cnica de MALDI-TOF MS como um m?todo eficaz de identifica??o bacteriana de enterobact?rias e descrever a permanencia destes microrganismos no ambiente de produ??o leiteira. A t?cnica prote?mica confirmou 92,9% (170/183) das esp?cies de enterobact?rias identificadas pelos testes bioqu?micos convencionais. O sequenciamento do gene gyrB, realizado em oito das 13 enterobact?rias que apresentaram identifica??o discordante, confirmou em 100% o resultado da t?cnica prote?mica, que foi utilizada como metodologia de refer?ncia no presente estudo. O g?nero Enterobacter foi o mais discordante pelo m?todo bioqu?mico (76,9%, 9/13). A E.coli foi a esp?cie predominante (83%, 152/183) em todas as amostras avaliadas, sendo que o leite bovino apresentou maior diversidade de enterobact?rias. N?o foi detectada a presen?a de Salmonella spp. nas amostras de fezes bovinas e todas as amostras de ?gua dos diferentes pontos de coleta da propriedade apresentaram padr?es microbiol?gicos inaceit?veis. Foram isoladas enterobact?rias das m?os e cavidades nasal dos ordenhadores, bem como nas ordenhadeiras mec?nicas utilizadas na propriedade. Estes dados visam contribuir de forma significativa para a caracteriza??o das enterobacterias bem como para a compreens?o e sua descri??o no ambiente de produ??o leiteira, auxiliando no diagn?stico preciso dos poss?veis agentes envolvidos na mastite bovina bem como na implementa??o de medidas profil?ticas devidamente direcionadas.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-20T17:28:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Rafael Fiusa de Morais.pdf: 2514223 bytes, checksum: 6bd78eb142e0fe1523bf328776a84494 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T17:28:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Rafael Fiusa de Morais.pdf: 2514223 bytes, checksum: 6bd78eb142e0fe1523bf328776a84494 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Elephant grass is highly efficient in dry matter accumulation and has suitable quality parameters for energy production. The use of elephant-grass biomass depends on the energy balance and the greenhouse gas emissions associated with management practices used for biomass for energy production. Generally, the contribution of biological nitrogen fixation serves less than half the crop N demand, it is necessary to replace the N removed from the soil. N fertilization is usually recommended, however the impact on N2O emissions to atmosphere is unknown. The aim of this study was to carry out studies to measure N fertilizer losses in the form of ammonia volatilization and N2O emissions. Ammonia volatilization was evaluated since it is related to indirect N2O emissions. The effects of nitrogen doses, sources and application forms were studied, to identify the best pathway to provide nitrogen for the crop, with less impact on N2O emissions. The N2O emissions resulting from the soil tillage and four urea fertilizer doses (40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1) were evaluated. Different nitrogen fertilizer sources (urea and ammonium sulfate) and urea application forms (incorporated or surface) compared with ammonium sulfate, respectively, and green manure were evaluated, compared to application of urea and polymer-coated urea, to evaluate the nitrogen efficiency by the plants and soil N2O emissions. The results showed that nitrogen fertilization is essential to reach high biomass yield of elephant grass. N2O emissions were higher with urea application than with ammonium sulfate, with no effect on the quantity of urea incorporated. The use of green manure resulted in higher N2O emissions compared to urea. The NH3 volatilization losses ranged from 40 to 60% when urea was applied and 11% with the application of ammonium sulfate. The NH3 volatilization losses were 35% lower when urea was incorporated, resulting in higher elephant grass biomass yield. The polymercoated urea resulted in a decrease of 6% in the NH3 volatilization losses. Nitrogen fertilizer is essential to reach high elephant grass biomass yield, and the environmental impact caused by this practice may be reduced by changing the source and form of the fertilizer application. / O capim-elefante est? entre as gram?neas de maior capacidade de acumula??o de mat?ria seca, possuindo tamb?m caracter?sticas qualitativas favor?veis para a produ??o de energia. A sustentabilidade de seu uso depende basicamente de seu balan?o energ?tico e da quantidade de gases de efeito estufa decorrentes das pr?ticas de manejo, do cultivo e do uso de sua biomassa. Geralmente, a contribui??o da fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio atende a menos do que metade da demanda de N da cultura, sendo necess?rio repor o N retirado do sistema. O uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados ? a op??o mais recomendada, por?m n?o se sabe o impacto quanto as emiss?es de N2O para a atmosfera. O objetivo geral desse estudo foi realizar experimentos que permitissem medir as perdas de N de fertilizantes na forma de volatiliza??o de am?nia e emiss?o de N2O. A volatiliza??o de am?nia foi avaliada por estar relacionada as emiss?es de N2O indiretas. Tamb?m se estudaram os efeitos de doses, fontes e formas de aplica??o de N, visando identificar a melhor forma de fornecer nitrog?nio para a cultura, com menor impacto nas emiss?es de N2O. Foram avaliadas as emiss?es de N2O decorrentes da etapa de preparo do solo e da aplica??o de quatro doses de nitrog?nio fertilizante na forma de ureia (40, 80, 120 e 160 kg de N ha-1). Foram avaliadas diferentes fontes de N fertilizante (ureia e sulfato de am?nio) e formas de aplica??o da ureia (incorporada ou a lan?o) em compara??o com sulfato de am?nio, respectivamente, e aduba??o verde, em compara??o a aplica??o de ureia comum e revestida com pol?meros, sobre a efici?ncia do uso do N pelas plantas e sobre as emiss?es de N2O do solo. Os resultados mostraram que a aduba??o nitrogenada ? essencial para alcan?ar elevadas produtividades de biomassa em capimelefante. As emiss?es de N2O foram maiores com a utiliza??o da ureia do que com a utiliza??o do sulfato de am?nio, n?o havendo efeito da incorpora??o da ureia. A utiliza??o da aduba??o verde acarretou em maiores emiss?es de N2O quando comparada a ureia. As perdas por volatiliza??o de NH3 variaram entre 40 a 60% do N aplicado na forma de ureia, e de 11% quando se utilizou sulfato de am?nio. As perdas por volatiliza??o de NH3 foram 35% menores quando a ureia foi enterrada, o que acarretou maiores ganhos de produtividade pelo capimelefante. A ureia revestida com pol?meros acarretou em diminui??o de 6 % das perdas por volatiliza??o de NH3. A utiliza??o do fertilizante nitrogenado ? essencial para alcan?ar elevadas produtividades de biomassa do capim-elefante, e o impacto ambiental causado por essa pr?tica pode ser reduzido em fun??o da fonte e da forma de aplica??o do fertilizante.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-21T13:51:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Alessandro de Paula Silva.pdf: 1644637 bytes, checksum: 98c00f3218ccb86b94b9b0975a7dd573 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T13:51:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Alessandro de Paula Silva.pdf: 1644637 bytes, checksum: 98c00f3218ccb86b94b9b0975a7dd573 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPQ / The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the position along a toposequence and hillslope form on chemical and physical-hydric soil properties, and their relationship with the natural regeneration of vegetation in areas of abandoned pastures. A total of eight areas in the municipality of Itabora? - Rio de Janeiro State were evaluated. In the shoulder, backslope and footslope positions of the relief toposequence concave and convex slope shapes were identified. Two experimental plots (10 x 20 m) were installed in each section of the toposequence, one for each slope shape, and evaluations related to soil and vegetation type were proceeded. Chemistry and physical-hydric soil characterization was evaluated at 0-10cm depth. Chemical analysis (pH, Al, Ca, Mg, P, K, C e N) and physical hydric attributes of soils based on granulometry, porosity (macro, micro and total porosity), soil bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, and soil mechanical resistance to penetration (RMSP) were carried out. The analysis of vegetation consisted of dry matter evaluation, aboveground regrowth rate of pasture and quantification, and species richness of trees and herbaceous shrubs in natural regeneration. The areas were grouped into 2 based on textural class: Group 1, the clayey areas, and Group 2 medium texture areas. Soil fertility in all the areas showed low levels of sum of bases and base saturation, and high levels of aluminum saturation, which were not influenced by topographic conditions, although the concave slope shape seem to promote the removal of bases. The soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents were highest on the clayey texture areas. Chemistry and physical-hydric characterization of soil differed among different topographic conditions in medium texture areas, where the shoulder and backslope showed higher porosity (macro and total porosity). The RMSP was not influenced by topographic conditions. More than 90% of the analyzed points showed declivities ranging from 20 and 75 %, reducing values of pH, SB and V (%), and increasing values of m (%). The grass biomass values exceed 10 Mg/ha. The regrowth rate was high showing an average ranging from 984 to 1.356 kg/ha/month, and the clayey areas had lowest values. Low species richness was observed, with greatest diversity of arboreal growth on concave slope; while the herbaceous shrub regeneration tended to be highest in backslope and footslope. The regeneration in terms of species richness was lowest in B. humidicola areas, for both strata and in herbaceous shrub cover. A complementary analysis showed that the geographical orientation of the slopes had a close relationship with the values of natural regeneration, while south-facing slopes showed highest species richness. The backslope in concave slopes showed lowest regrowth in the pasture, and these areas were identified as those with best natural regeneration when compared to other areas studied in this research. / Objetivou-se avaliar a influ?ncia da posi??o na topossequ?ncia e da forma de rampa nas propriedades qu?micas e f?sico-h?dricas do solo e a sua rela??o com o padr?o da regenera??o natural da vegeta??o em ?reas de pastagens abandonadas. Foram avaliadas oito ?reas no munic?pio de Itabora? ? RJ. Nos ter?os superior, m?dio e inferior da topossequ?ncia foram identificados rampas de forma c?ncava e convexa. Foram instaladas duas parcelas (10 x 20 m) em cada ter?o, uma para cada forma de rampa, onde se procederam as avalia??es quanto ao solo e vegeta??o. O solo foi avaliado quanto ?s suas caracter?sticas qu?micas e f?sico-h?dricas ? profundidade de 0 a 10 cm. Foram realizadas as an?lises qu?micas de pH, Al, Ca, Mg, P, K, C e N e as an?lises f?sico-h?dricas de granulometria, porosidade (macro, micro e total), densidade do solo, condutividade hidr?ulica e resist?ncia mec?nica do solo ? penetra??o (RMSP). A an?lise da vegeta??o consistiu na avalia??o da mat?ria seca e taxa de rebrota da parte a?rea da pastagem e da quantifica??o e riqueza da vegeta??o arb?rea e herb?ceoarbustiva da regenera??o natural. As ?reas foram agrupadas em duas de acordo com a classe textural: Grupo 1, ?reas de textura argilosa, e Grupo 2, ?reas de textura m?dia. A fertilidade do solo de todas as ?reas apresentou n?veis baixos de soma e satura??o de bases e n?veis altos de satura??o por alum?nio, n?o sendo influenciadas significativamente pelas condi??es de relevo, embora as formas de rampas c?ncavas pare?am promover uma maior remo??o de bases. Os teores de carbono e nitrog?nio total foram maiores nas ?reas de textura mais argilosa. As caracter?sticas f?sico-h?dricas do solo diferiram em fun??o das condi??es de relevo somente nas ?reas de textura m?dia, onde os ter?os superior e m?dio apresentaram maior porosidade (macro e total). A RMSP n?o foi influenciada pelas condi??es de relevo. Mais de 90% dos pontos analisados apresentaram declividades entre 20% e 75 % favorecendo diminui??es nos valores de pH, SB e V(%) e aumentos nos valores de m (%). Foram identificadas tr?s esp?cies de gram?neas predominantes nas pastagens (Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria humidicola e Paspalum sp.), com predomin?ncia da esp?cie Paspalum sp. Os valores de biomassa de gram?neas apresentaram-se altos superando 10 Mg/ha. As taxas de rebrota foram elevadas apresentando em m?dia valores entre 984 a 1.356 kg/ha/m?s, sendo os menores valores encontrados nas ?reas argilosas. Observou-se baixa riqueza de esp?cies e tend?ncia em maior domin?ncia arb?rea na rampa c?ncava, enquanto que a regenera??o herb?ceo-arbustiva tendeu a ser maior nos ter?os inferior e m?dio. A regenera??o foi menor em ?reas de B. humidicola, em termos de riqueza de esp?cies, nos dois estratos e para cobertura herb?ceo-arbustiva. Uma an?lise complementar mostrou que a orienta??o geogr?fica das encostas possuiu estreita rela??o com os valores de regenera??o natural, sendo que encostas voltadas para o sul apresentaram maior riqueza de esp?cies. Os ter?os m?dios de rampas c?ncavas apresentaram o menor vigor de rebrota do capim. Essas ?reas foram tamb?m identificadas como aquelas com a maior regenera??o natural dentre as ?reas estudadas.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-28T13:47:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011- Marcio Osvaldo Lima Magalhaes.pdf: 4632406 bytes, checksum: 8ccefc16f724417fcb426aaf9aac9f4a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-28T13:47:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011- Marcio Osvaldo Lima Magalhaes.pdf: 4632406 bytes, checksum: 8ccefc16f724417fcb426aaf9aac9f4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Despite the known problems caused by the by-products generated from the exploration of oil, this activity will be a part of our reality for the next 50 years. The oil drilling and exploration industry creates a substantial amount of waste that, if not adequately disposed of, could cause environmental problems. One of the main contaminates found in the waste related to oil drilling is the element barium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contamination of soil containing barium, its impact on the growth of rice plants (Orysa sativa) and potential risk of contaminating groundwater. This paper was divided into four chapters. The goal of the first chapter was to evaluate the spatial variability of barium levels found in former oil well drilling waste disposal sites. For this study, soil was collected from georeferenced points, analyzed in terms of its pseudo total levels, and prepared for the geochemical fractionation of barium, classifying the material in accordance with resolution 420 of CONAMA [Brazilian National Counsel on the Environment] (2009). In the second chapter, the effect of redox potential in soil on the mobility and absorption of barium by rice, having barium sulfate P.A. as the element?s source, was assessed. The effect was evaluated by performing rice culture pot and column leaching tests. The aim of the third chapter was the characterization and traceability of heavy metals in waste generated during the recovery of oil well drilling fluids. The waste was collected during the drilling of well 7-MGP-98D-BA, where the material was separated by composite sample, based on depth and equipment. In the fourth chapter, the effects of redox potential in soil interaction and heavy metals coming from the waste generated from onshore oil well drilling were analyzed. This chapter was similar to chapter two, with the main difference being the waste generated from well 7-MGP-98D-BA, which supplied the source of barium. The waste materials selected were those that displayed the lowest levels of arsenic, cadmium, barium, lead, and sodium. The obtained results showed that waste generated from oil well drilling contains high levels of barium, and that when disposed of in soil can significantly contribute to site contamination, having used the guiding values of CONAMA (2009) as a reference. As such, the barium present in this area was in the form of low solubility, as evidenced by the geochemical fractionation of the element. It was also observed that the conditions of low values of redox potential (-200 mV) promoted an increase of barium in fractions of greater mobility, causing major losses of the element by leaching, and increased absorption by plants. Among the studied waste materials, the waste from the dehydrator and the centrifuge 1 presented high levels of sodium as its greatest limitation, which affected the development of plants. / Apesar da verifica??o de problemas ocasionados pelo uso de produtos gerados a partir da explora??o do petr?leo, essa atividade ? uma realidade nos pr?ximos 50 anos. A industria de perfura??o e explora??o de petr?leo ? uma atividade que gera muitos residuos que, caso dispostos de forma inadequada, podem ocasionar problemas ambientais. Um dos principais contaminantes relacionados aos res?duos de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo ? o elemento b?rio. A proposta desse estudo foi de avaliar a contamina??o dos solos com b?rio e seu impacto no desenvolvimento de plantas de arroz (Orysa sativa) e o risco de contamina??o do len?ol fre?tico. Para isso o trabalho foi dividido em quatro cap?tulos. O primeiro cap?tulo teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade espacial dos teores de b?rio em antiga ?rea de disposi??o de res?duo de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo. Nesse estudo foram coletados solos em pontos georreferenciados e analisados quanto aos teores pseudototais e feito o fracionamento geoqu?mico do b?rio, classificando o material de acordo com a resolu??o 420 do Conama (2009). No segunto cap?tulo foi avaliado o efeito do potencial redox do solo na mobilidade e absor??o de b?rio por arroz, tendo como fonte do elelmento o sulfato de b?rio P.A. Esse efeito foi avaliado atrav?s de ensaios em vasos com cultivo de arroz e em colunas de lixivia??o. O terceiro cap?tulo teve como objetivo a caracteriza??o e rastreabilidade de metais pesados em res?duos gerados na recupera??o do fluido de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo. O res?duo foi coletado durante a perfura??o do po?o 7-MGP-98D-BA, onde os materiais foram separados em amostras compostas em fun??o da profundidade e do equipamento. No quarto cap?tulo foi analisado o efeito do potencial redox na intera??o solo e metais pesados provenientes de res?duos oriundos da perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo ?onshore?. Esse cap?tulo foi semelhante ao cap?tulo 2, diferindo principalmente na fonte de b?rio que foi o res?duo gerado no po?o 7-MGP-98D-BA. Os res?duos selecionados foram os que apresentaram como os mais restrit?vos com rela??o aos teores de ars?nio, c?dmio, b?rio, chumbo e s?dio. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que os res?duos oriundos da perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo possuem altos teores de b?rio, que quando dispostos nos solos podem contribuir significativamente para a contamina??o das ?reas, tendo como refer?ncia os valores orientadores do Conama (2009). Entretanto, o b?rio presente nessa ?rea estava sob forma de baixa solubilidade, evidenciada pelo fracionamento geoqu?mico do elemento. Tamb?m foi observado que a condi??o de baixos valores de potencial redox (-200 mV) promoveu o aumento do b?rio nas fra??es de maior mobilidade, ocasionando maiores perdas do elemento por lixivia??o e maior absor??o pelas plantas. Dentre os res?duos estudados, os res?duos do secador e da centr?fuga 1 apresentaram como maior limita??o os altos teores de s?dio, o que afetou o desenvolvimento das plantas.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-04T14:27:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005 - Ricardo Martinez Tarr?.pdf: 741184 bytes, checksum: 1a3cc666f5aa519958cd7cacafdbd30f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T14:27:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005 - Ricardo Martinez Tarr?.pdf: 741184 bytes, checksum: 1a3cc666f5aa519958cd7cacafdbd30f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior-CAPES / The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of CEPLAC, located in the South of Bahia State (CEPLAC/CEPEC/ESSUL), set as a entirely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments consisted of 2 pastures, one of grassonly Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickt, and the other of B. humidicola consorted with Desmodium ovalifolium Wall cv. Itabela, each grazed at 3 different stocking rates of 2, 3 and 4 animals per hectare. Estimates of animal intake under grazing were made at two occasions during the year (August and November of 1995). Six oesophagus-fistulated steers were used for sampling of the consumed forage, and 36 animals were fed with 10 g of Cr2O3 each day, for 21 days. The ?in vitro? digestibility of dry matter, total nitrogen, and natural abundance of 13C were analyzed in the fistula samples. At the same time, the productivity of the pastures and their botanical composition was measured. The presence of the legume D. ovalifolium in the pastures of B. humidicola increased the protein content of the forage ingested by the animals by 64%. The dry matter intake was affected negatively by the presence of the legume due to its low palatability, however the proportion of the legume in the diet was quite significant (27 to 62%), being highest in the higher stocking rates due to the more restricted selectivity of the grazing animals. At the lower stocking rate there was a larger proportion of the legume in forage on offer. The total protein intake by the animals was higher in mixed pastures, but that didn't provide a better animal performance due to low digestibility of the legume. The rate of decomposition was very rapid (k ~ -0.081 and 0.060g g-1 day-1) P and K, and annual rates of P turnover through the litter pathway were between 13.7 and 13.2 kg P ha-1 year-1. In the grass-only pastures, as stocking rate increased from 2 to 3 head ha-1, P recycled in the litter decreased by 11%, but a further increase to 4 head ha-1 decreased P recycling by 6%, suggesting that beyond a certain critical level higher grazing stocking rates would lead to pasture decline if there was no N addition. High stocking rates decreased proportion of the legume in the sward, but at all rates the concentration of P in both the green and dead grass, in the forage on offer and in the litter, was higher in the mixed sward. The presence of legume in the litter resulted in increases in P and K recycled via litter deposition varying from 12.5 to 14.3 kg P ha-1 year-1 and 25.0 to 37.6 kg K ha-1 year--1. / Esse experimento foi conduzido na Esta??o Experimental de Zootecnia do Extremo Sul da Bahia (ESSUL/CEPEC/CEPLAC) obedecendo a um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 6 tratamentos e 3 repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram estabelecidos segundo um fatorial 2 x 3, com 2 pastagens, Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickt em monocultura e B. humidicola consorciada com Desmodium ovalifolium Wall cv. Itabela, e 3 taxas de lota??o, 2, 3 e 4 cabe?as por hectare. A estimativa do consumo animal em pastejo foi avaliada em 2 ?pocas do ano (agosto e novembro de 1995). Utilizaram-se 6 animais bovinos es?fago-fistulados para a retirada das extrusas (dietas consumidas) e 36 bovinos foram dosados com 10 g de Cr2O3 por dia, durante 21 dias. A digestibilidade ?in vitro? da mat?ria seca e a abund?ncia natural do 13C foram analisadas nas extrusas. Paralelamente, foram avaliadas a produtividade das pastagens e a sua composi??o bot?nica. O consumo de mat?ria seca foi afetado negativamente pela presen?a da leguminosa D. ovalifolium nas pastagens de B. humidicola devido ? sua baixa palatabilidade, por?m a propor??o da leguminosa na dieta consumida foi bastante significativa, sendo maior nas taxas de lota??o mais elevadas onde a seletividade dos animais foi mais restrita, apesar do fato de que na menor taxa de lota??o havia uma maior propor??o da leguminosa na forragem em oferta. O menor consumo de forragem observado nas pastagens consorciadas, n?o proporcionou menor desempenho animal, provavelmente devido ? maior oferta de prote?na oferecida pela leguminosa. As altas taxas de lota??o provocaram uma diminui??o na propor??o de leguminosas na forragem em oferta, entretanto em todas as taxas de lota??o a concentra??o de P na gram?nea verde e seca da forragem em oferta e da liteira foi maior nas pastagens consorciadas. A taxa de decomposi??o da liteira foi muito elevada, cerca de 0,081 e 0,060 g g-1 dia-1, para P e K respectivamente, acarretando uma deposi??o anual de P pela liteira entre 13,2 e 13,7 kg P ha-1 ano-1. Nas pastagens em monocultura, os aumentos na taxa de lota??o de 2 para 3 animais ha-1 e de 3 para 4 animais ha-1 causaram decr?scimos na reciclagem de P na liteira de respectivamente, 11 e 6%.Provavelmente essas altas taxas de lota??o provocam um decl?nio das pastagens devido ? menor adi??o de P ao sistema solo. A presen?a da leguminosa nas pastagens provocou um aumento significativo na reciclagem de P pela deposi??o da liteira variando de 12,5 a 14,3 kg P ha-1 ano-1 e 25,0 a 37,6 kg K ha-1 ano-1.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-06T13:19:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Julia Turques de Andrade.pdf: 1065432 bytes, checksum: 8f2d04740cf33e034583a1ee2d4a7a55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T13:19:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Julia Turques de Andrade.pdf: 1065432 bytes, checksum: 8f2d04740cf33e034583a1ee2d4a7a55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior-CAPES / Conservation Unit is the territorial space including the jurisdictional waters with defined limits to which conservation rules are applied. The participative management is guaranteed through the law of SNUC and the decree 4.340/2002 that possesses a chapter exclusively about Conservation Units Council. The objective of this work was to analyze the participative management in conservation Units from one case study, the one of Petr?polis EPA. The present work is organize in three chapters the first treated the mobilization process for the creation of the Petropolis EPA council. In this chapter the period was analyzed from the beginning of the mobilization for construction of the governance, making for the creation of the council in 1997 to the council officialization in 2000. Chapter II treat of the participation and the representativity of this council. In this chapter three analysis were accomplished, the first considered the criterion-stablished by the law 9.985/2000 and of the decree 4.340/2002, the second analysis was made by categories of stablishe analysis for this work that were: numbers of meetings for year; number of participants at the meetings; composition of the Council; number of institutions evvolution; relation between the number of institutions and the population; relation between number of institutions and the municipal sistrict areas belonging to the Unit; institutions not beloning to theCouncil that attend the meetings and closing this chapter, the third analysis was centered in stablished criteria by other tree authors in 2003. The criteria adopted by these author were based on the beginnings of a governance good list of the United Nations Program for the Development (PNUD). In the chapter III were analyzed the implemented actions in the Council ambit, as well as the projects and the way as happens the communication between the Councilo and the populatikon. With this Petropolis EPA Council assisted to stablished criteria for SNUC, it presented good representativity, strong participation of the civil society, however needing incentive to the frequency of institution. The Petropolis EPA Council assisted the criteria of governance good, presenting a good communication with the population. / Unidade de Conserva??o s?o ?reas com limites definidos cuja fun??o ? a conserva??o da biodiversidade. A gest?o participativa nestas ?reas ? garantida atrav?s da Lei do SNUC e do decreto 4.340/2002 que possui um cap?tulo exclusivamente sobre Conselhos de Unidades de Conserva??o. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a gest?o participativa em Unidades de conserva??o a partir de um estudo de caso, o da APA Petr?polis. O presente trabalho ? dividido em tr?s cap?tulos, sendo que o primeiro trata do processo de mobiliza??o para a cria??o do Conselho da APA Petr?polis, neste cap?tulo foi analisado o per?odo desde o in?cio da mobiliza??o para constru??o da governan?a, passando pela cria??o do Conselho em 1997 at? a oficializa??o do Conselho em 2000. O cap?tulo II trata da participa??o e da representatividade deste Conselho, neste cap?tulo foram realizadas tr?s an?lises, a primeira considerou os crit?rios estabelecidos pela Lei 9.985/2000 e do Decreto 4.340/ 2002. A segunda an?lise foi feita atrav?s de categorias estabelecidas para a realiza??o deste trabalho, s?o estas: N?mero de reuni?es por ano; n?mero de participantes nas reuni?es; composi??es do Conselho; evolu??o do n?mero de institui??es; rela??o do n?mero de institui??es pela popula??o; rela??o do n?mero de institui??es pelas ?reas dos munic?pios pertencentes ? Unidade; institui??es n?o pertencentes ao Conselho que assistiram as reuni?es. E por fim a terceira an?lise do cap?tulo ? centrada em um dos crit?rios estabelecidos por outros tr?s autores em 2003, crit?rios estes que foram baseados nos princ?pios de uma lista de boa governan?a do Programa das Na??es Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD). No cap?tulo III foram analisadas as a??es implementadas no ?mbito do Conselho, assim como os projetos e a forma como se d? a comunica??o do Conselho com a popula??o. Com isto o Conselho da APA Petr?polis atendeu aos crit?rios estabelecidos pelo SNUC, apresentou boa representatividade, com participa??o forte da Sociedade Civil, por?m necessitando incentivo ? presen?a das institui??es. E apresentou tamb?m no per?odo de estudo uma boa comunica??o com a popula??o.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-10T13:01:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Valdemir Lucio Durigon.pdf: 4431691 bytes, checksum: bc255769946a67387959db9cc02dbb28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T13:01:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Valdemir Lucio Durigon.pdf: 4431691 bytes, checksum: bc255769946a67387959db9cc02dbb28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior-CAPES / Soil erosion is a growing problem in today's world, virtually in every continent, mainly due to the rising demand for food, fibers and biofuels. On the other hand, the correct planning of land use, avoiding farming lands with high erosion risk, could minimize the erosion process without compromising food security. The aim of this study was to evaluate erosion risk and soil losses in a watershed using remote sensing and GIS, coupled with temporal evolution of vegetation cover and occupation of land, in areas of the municipalities of Paty do Alferes and Miguel Pereira, Rio de Janeiro State. For this, the RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) was used as model to predict soil loss, combined with remote sensing data and the derived NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), to determine the soil coverage in a GIS (Geographic Information System). Satellite images used in this research included: TM sensor of Landsat-5, ETM+ of Landsat-7, CCD of CBERS-2, and CCD and HRC from CBERS 2B, obtained for the study period. The processed remotely sensed data and the geographic information system, integrated with models for predicting soil loss, showed good performance for environmental analysis. The use of NDVI was a suitable tool for determining the vegetation coverage, to be applied in soil loss prediction models. The soil losses and erosion risks were strongly associated with characteristics of relief, and they can be used for planning land usage and occupation, in urban and rural areas. More studies should be conducted linking GIS, erosion prediction models, and remote sensing data in order to better predict the occurrence of environmental disasters, also to create databases about soil?s response in relation to different causative erosional agents. / A eros?o do solo ? um problema crescente no mundo atual, em praticamente todos os continentes, que se deve ao crescimento da demanda por alimentos, ao mau uso dos solos e a necessidade de produ??o de fibras e combust?veis. Por outro lado, o planejamento correto do uso e cobertura dos solos evitando utilizar ?reas para a agricultura que tenham alto risco de eros?o e alto potencial natural de eros?o pode minimizar o processo, sem comprometer a seguran?a alimentar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o risco de eros?o e a perda de solo em uma bacia hidrogr?fica utilizando t?cnicas de sensoriamento remoto e SIG, associados ? evolu??o temporal dos ?ndices de cobertura e ocupa??o do solo, em ?reas nos munic?pios de Paty do Alferes e Miguel Pereira, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para isso, utilizou-se o modelo de predi??o de perdas de solos, no caso a RUSLE (?Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation?), associado a t?cnica de sensoriamento remoto integrada ao ?ndice de vegeta??o NDVI (?Normalized Difference Vegetation Index?) para determinar a cobertura dos solos em um SIG (Sistema de Informa??o Geogr?fica). Para tal, foram utilizadas imagens de sat?lite dos sensores TM Landsat-5, ETM+ Landsat-7 CCD CBERS-2 e CCD e HRC do CBERS 2B coletadas no per?odo considerado. Os dados de sensoriamento remoto e do sistema de informa??es geogr?ficas integrados a modelos de predi??o de perdas de solos caracterizaramse como importantes instrumentos na an?lise do meio ambiente. A utiliza??o de NDVI constitui-se em ferramenta adequada para a determina??o da cobertura, para aplica??o em modelos de predi??o de perda de solo. As perdas de solo, o potencial natural de eros?o e o risco mostraram forte rela??o com as caracter?sticas do relevo, podendo ser utilizados no planejamento do uso e ocupa??o do solo em ?reas urbana e rural. Mais estudos devem ser realizados associando SIG, modelos de predi??o de eros?o e t?cnicas de sensoriamento remoto no sentido de melhor prever a ocorr?ncia de desastres ambientais, tamb?m para criar bancos de informa??es sobre o comportamento dos solos em rela??o aos diversos agentes causadores do processo erosivo.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-10T16:40:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Raquel Rodrigues Costa Mello.pdf: 1289647 bytes, checksum: f0d06ec4ba47cab82e19761e6bf670ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T16:40:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Raquel Rodrigues Costa Mello.pdf: 1289647 bytes, checksum: f0d06ec4ba47cab82e19761e6bf670ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The Sindhi breed has excellent adaptability to adverse weather conditions and management, and good ability to milk production. Although many researches will be developed with Sindhi breed animals, such experiments are focused mainly on productive aspects, and researches involving the reproductive tract are still scarce in the Sindhi Zebu breed. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive parameters of Sindhi cows, aiming to improve the efficiency of FTAI protocols in this breed. To this end, sixteen Sindhi cows with body condition score between 3,0 and 4,0 (scale from 1 to 5) were divided into two evaluation groups: In group I (BE protocol, n=8) animals received on day 0 an intravaginal P4 device and an application of 2mg of estradiol benzoate. On day 8 the device was removed and applied 10mg of Dinoprost (PGF2?), and on day 9, applied 1 mg of estradiol benzoate, and were fixed-time artificial inseminated 36 h later; in group II (BE + eCG protocol, n=8) animals were submitted through same treatment, and on day 8 were applied 400 IU of eCG. From day 0 for both treatments, the animals were examined daily by trans-rectal ultrasound device equipped with a 7,5MHz linear transducer (CHISON? D600 VET). This evaluation was performed up to ovulation. At each assessment, the largest follicles of each day (?4 mm) were measured. It used analysis of variance (ANOVA) to evaluate the results, and the means determined by Tukey test, with significance level of 5%. For data analysis, it was observed that there was no statistical difference (P>0.05) for groups I (Treatment I: no eCG) and II (Treatment II: 400 IU eCG) concerning to emergence of follicular wave, 4.5 ? 1.4 and 3.8 ? 0.3 days; interval between the emergence of the wave and ovulation, 5.8 ? 1.4 and 7.1 ? 0.3 days; interval between the emergence of the wave and implant removal, 3,5 ? 1,4 and 4,1 ? 0,3; interval between implant removal and ovulation, 74.0 ? 11.8 and 82.5 ? 4.2 hours; diameter of the dominant follicle (DF) at the time of implant removal, 7.5 ? 2.5 and 6.6 ? 1.5 mm; diameter maximum of DF, 10.47 ? 8.85 and 3.7 ? 1.2 mm; growth rate of the DF, 0.90 ? 0.83 and 0.7 ? 0.6 mm/day and ovulation rate, 75 % (6/8) and 100% (8/8), respectively. Regarding to pregnancy rate, it was observed that there was statistical difference (P<0.05) between protocols I and II (0% and 50%, respectively). Therefore, we conclude that the use of eCG in Sindhi breed cows was not effective in improving the reproductive parameters examined, perhaps because the cows are cycling at the beginning of treatment and had good body condition score during the experiment. On the other hand, there was an increase in pregnancy rate with the use of eCG, indicating that this gonadotropin may be a useful tool in FTAI protocols in this breed. / A ra?a Sindi apresenta excelente adaptabilidade ?s condi??es adversas de manejo e clima, e boa capacidade de produ??o de leite. Embora muitas pesquisas venham sendo desenvolvidas com animais desta ra?a, tais experimentos se concentram predominantemente em aspectos produtivos, pesquisas envolvendo a ?rea reprodutiva ainda s?o escassas na ra?a Sindi. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os par?metros reprodutivos de vacas Sindi, buscando melhorar a efici?ncia dos protocolos de IATF nesta ra?a. Para tanto, 16 vacas da ra?a Sindi, com escore de condi??o corporal entre 3,0 e 4,0 (escala de 1,0 a 5,0) foram divididas em dois grupos de avalia??o: no grupo I (esquema BE, n=8), os animais receberam no dia 0 um implante intravaginal impregnado com 1,9g de progest?geno e uma aplica??o de 2mg de benzoato de estradiol. No dia 8 o implante vaginal foi removido, sendo aplicados 10mg de Dinoprost (PGF2?) e, no dia 9, aplicado 1mg de benzoato de estradiol, sendo realizada a IATF 36 horas ap?s; no grupo II (esquema BE + eCG, n=8), os animais passaram pelo mesmo tratamento, sendo que no dia 8 foram aplicadas 400UI de gonadotrofina cori?nica eq?ina (eCG). A partir do dia 0, para os dois tratamentos, os animais foram examinados diariamente por via trans-retal com aparelho de ultrassom (CHISON? D600 VET) equipado com um transdutor linear de 7,5 MHz. Esta avalia??o foi realizada at? o momento da ovula??o. Em cada avalia??o, os maiores fol?culos de cada dia (?4 mm) foram mensurados. Foi utilizada a an?lise de vari?ncia (ANOVA) para avalia??o dos resultados, sendo as m?dias determinadas pelo teste de Tukey, com n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. Pela an?lise dos dados, observou-se que n?o houve diferen?a estat?stica (P>0,05) para os grupos I e II na emerg?ncia da onda folicular, 4,5 ? 1,4 e 3,8 ? 0,3 dias; no intervalo entre a emerg?ncia da onda e a ovula??o, 5,8 ? 1,4 e 7,1 ? 0,3 dias; no intervalo entre a emerg?ncia da onda e a retirada do implante, 3,5 ? 1,4 e 4,1 ? 0,3; no intervalo entre a retirada do implante e a ovula??o, 74,0 ? 11,8 e 82,5 ? 4,2 horas; no di?metro do fol?culo dominante (FD) na retirada do implante, 7,5 ? 2,5 e 6,6 ? 1,5 mm; no di?metro m?ximo do FD, 10,47 ? 3,7 e 8,85 ? 1,2 mm; na taxa de crescimento do FD, 0,90 ? 0,7 e 0,83 ? 0,6 mm/dia e na taxa de ovula??o, 75% (6/8) e 100% (8/8), respectivamente. Com rela??o ? taxa de prenhez, foi observada diferen?a estat?stica (P<0,05) entre os grupos I e II, sendo 0% (0/8) e 50% (4/8), respectivamente. Portanto, conclui-se que o uso do eCG em f?meas bovinas da ra?a Sindi n?o foi efetivo em melhorar os par?metros reprodutivos analisados, talvez pelo fato das vacas apresentarem bom escore de condi??o corporal durante a realiza??o do experimento. Por outro lado, houve um aumento na taxa de prenhez com o uso do eCG, indicando que este pode ser uma ferramenta ?til em protocolos de IATF nesta ra?a.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-10T17:18:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Talita de Santana Matos.pdf: 652723 bytes, checksum: 16c30eb83b6db70231ab44534e188e6c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T17:18:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Talita de Santana Matos.pdf: 652723 bytes, checksum: 16c30eb83b6db70231ab44534e188e6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A study was conducted to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer with slow-release urea, measuring their losses by volatilization of NH3-N, N2O emission and recovery of fertilizer nitrogen applied as top dressing compared with commercioal urea to corn crop. All experiments were conducted at Embrapa Agrobiology. Firstly, the experiments were performed under controlled conditions in a greenhouse using soil layer of 0-10 cm of a haplic planosol. In the first experiment, the plastic trays were used as experimental units for evaluation of losses due to volatilization chambers with the aid of semi-open static free (SALE). Commercial urea was applied (UC), urea + KCl (UK), humic acid + urea (UH), urea + zeolitic sandstone (UZ) and urea + gypsum (UG) in two conditions of pH (5.4 and 6,5). Secondly, the other experiment was conducted using plastic pots containing the same soil samples as experimental units where they were planted three plants of Brachiaria decumbens. In this case, fertilizers were enriched with 15N, in two pH conditions too (pH 5,4 and 6,5). Treatments UZ and UK were more efficient in retaining N in the soil than the UC, with smaller losses through volatilization of NH3-N, and 20,2 and 15,8% on condition of lime and 22 and 17,2% when Liming did not occur, respectively. The UK fertilizer and UG showed overall increase of about 149 and 146% on dry biomass production at the end of the cycle on condition of pH 5,4. At pH 6,5 UG fertilizer showed yield increases of 149,3%. The accumulation of N in the plant and was 279,2 and 270,3 mg N.vaso-1 when no lime was applied to the UK and UG treatments, respectively, and the limed, 207.4 and 200,6 mg N. vaso-1 for the treatments UG and UH, respectively. Treatments UZ and UK had the highest recovery of applied N by plants, with values of 65,5 and 61,9% without lime, 60,2 and 45,7% with lime, respectively. Thirdly, other experiment was conducted at the experimental field at Embrapa Agrobiology in order to quantify the PNV, N2O emissions and efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer use (NFUE) slow-release by a corn crop on N balance Treatments consisted of field application of nitrogen fertilizers in coverage along the rows and a control treatment. Emissions of N2O were evaluated using static chambers closed. Was used fertilizers enriched with 15N in little plots for the assessment of NFUE. The treatments UZ and UK reduced the losses of N-NH3 by volatilization in approximately 18 and 14%, respectively. These losses corresponded to 32,3 and 35,7% of total N applied to soil. For N2O emissions the UK treatment showed the largest emission of N2O losses reaching values of 2.02 kgN.ha-1. The highest yield of grain were obtained by treatments that UG and UZ had a better response of grain production reaching values of 9666 and 9940 kg ha-1 respectively. To NFUE treatment UZ showed the highest values of N recovered reaching 67% of the total N applied system soil plant. / O trabalho objetivou avaliar a efici?ncia agron?mica de fertilizantes nitrogenados de libera??o lenta baseados no uso da ureia, quantificando suas perdas por volatiliza??o de NNH3 (PNV), emiss?o de N2O e a recupera??o do N-fertilizante aplicado em cobertura em compara??o com a ureia comercial na cultura de milho. Todos os esperimentos foram conduzidos na Embrapa Agrobiologia. Os primeiros experimentos foram realizados em condi??es controladas em casa de vegeta??o, utilizando solo da camada de 0-10 cm de um Planossolo H?plico. No primeiro experimento foram usadas bandejas pl?sticas como unidades experimentais para avalia??o das perdas por volatiliza??o com aux?lio de c?maras semi-aberta livre est?tica (SALE). Aplicou-se ureia comercial (UC), ureia + KCl (UK), ureia + ?cido h?mico (UH), ureia +arenito zeol?tico (UZ) e ureia +gesso agr?cola (UG) em duas condi??es de pH (5,4 e 6,5). O outro experimento utilizou vasos pl?sticos contendo amostras do mesmo solo como unidades experimentais onde foram plantados 3 plantas de Brachiaria decumbens. Neste caso os fertilizantes foram enriquecidos com 15N, tamb?m em duas condi??es de pH (pH 5,4 e 6,5). Os tratamentos UZ e UK foram mais eficientes na reten??o do N no solo do que a UC, apresentando menores perdas por volatiliza??o de N-NH3 de 20,2 e 15,8% sob condi??o de calagem e 22 e 17,2% quando sem calagem, respectivamente. Os fertilizantes UK e UG apresentaram aumento total de aproximadamente 149 e 146% na produ??o de biomassa seca ao final do ciclo da cultura em condi??o de pH 5,4. Em pH 6,5 o fertilizante UG apresentou aumento de rendimento de 149,3%. O ac?mulo de N na planta foi de 279,2 e 270,3 mg N.vaso-1 quando n?o foi aplicado calagem para os tratamentos UK e UG, respectivamente e quando com calagem, 207,4 e 200,6 mg N.vaso-1 para os tratamentos UG e UH, respectivamente. Os tratamentos UZ e UK apresentaram maior recupera??o pelas plantas do N aplicado, com valores de 65,5 e 61,9% sem calagem e 60,2 e 45,7% com calagem, respectivamente. O outro experimento foi realizado no campo na ?rea experimental da Embrapa Agrobiologia com objetivo de quantificar as perdas por volatilza??o de am?nio, as emiss?es de N2O e a efici?ncia do uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados (EUFN) de libera??o lenta pela cultura de milho, no balan?o de N. Os tratamentos consistiram da aplica??o no campo em cobertura dos fertilizantes nitrogenados ao lado da linha de plantio e um tratamento controle. As emiss?es de N2O foram avaliadas utilizando-se c?maras est?ticas fechadas. Foi utilizado fertilizantes enriquecidos com 15N em microparcelas para a avalia??o da EUFN. Os tratamentos UZ e UK reduziram as perdas de N-NH3 por volatiliza??o em aproximadamente 18 e 14%, respectivamente. Estas perdas corresponderam a 32,3 e 35,7% do total de N aplicado no solo. Para as emiss?es de N2O o tratamento UK foi o que apresentou maiores perdas por emiss?o de N2O atingindo valores de 2,02 kg N.ha-1. As maiores produtividades de gr?o foram obtidas pelos tratamentos UG e UZ que apresentaram melhor resposta de produ??o de gr?os atingindo valores de 9.666 e 9.940 kg.ha-1, respectivamente. Para EUFN o tratamento UZ apresentou o maior valor de N recuperado chegando a 67% do total do N aplicado no sistema solo-planta.