FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Este trabalho foi conduzida com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de metodos alternativos de destoxificacao da torta de mamona sobre o consumo, digestibilidade, parametros ruminais e sanguineos em ovinos. Foram utilizados 20 ovinos, sendo 10 machos inteiros e 10 femeas todos mesticos de Morada Nova, com peso vivo medio em torno de 17 Â} 1,02kg e idade media de 7 meses. Para o ensaio de digestibilidade e para os dados de parametros sanguineos o delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados com quatro repeticoes, sendo os blocos de acordo com o sexo do animal. O delineamento utilizado para os dados dos parametros ruminais foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas as dietas e nas sub-parcelas os tempos de coleta (0, 2, 5 e 8h pos-prandial) com quatro repeticoes. Foi utilizado como volumoso o feno do capim tifton-85. As racoes foram fornecidas diariamente em duas refeicoes, coletando-se no dia seguinte as sobras, fezes e a urina, apenas no ultimo dia. O periodo experimental teve duracao de 22 dias, sendo 21 dias para o ensaio de digestibilidade e no 22 dia fez-se a coleta de sangue e liquido ruminal. Na avaliacao do consumo e digestibilidade in vivo nao houve diferenca entre os tratamentos (P>0,05) para o consumo de materia seca (CMS), materia organica (CMO), extrato etereo (CEE), proteÃna bruta (CPB), fibra em detergente neutro (CFDN), fibra em detergente acido (CFDA), hemicelulose (CHEM), celulose (CCEL), carboidratos totais (CT) e carboidratos nao fibrosos (CCNF) em g/dia, %PV, e g/kg0,75. Quanto ao efeito de sexo, houve maior consumo de matÃria seca dos machos em relacao as femeas quando o consumo foi expresso em g/dia e g/kg0,75. Maiores consumos de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente acido (FDA), hemicelulose (HEM) e celulose (CEL) para os machos em relacao as femeas (P<0,05) foram observados quando expressos em g/dia com medias de 385,28 e 333,22 g de FDN, 176,54 e 153,07 g de FDA, 208,74 e 180,15 g de HEM, e 149,33 e 128,53 g de CEL para machos e femeas respectivamente. Nao foram observados efeitos (P>0,05) dos metodos alternativos de destoxificacao da torta de mamona na DMS, DMO, DPB, DFDA, DCEL, DCT e DCNF com medias de 67,13%, 68,23%, 66,94%, 46,78%, 61,20%, 68,36% e 82,84% respectivamente. A digestibilidade do extrato etereo (DEE) foi superior na dieta com torta de mamona tratada com calcario calcitico (CC) quando comparada aquela tratada com fosfato monobicalcico (FOS). A digestibilidade da FDN foi superior (P<0,05) na dieta que recebeu torta de mamona nao tratada (NT) em relacao a dieta CC. Ja para a digestibilidade da HEM os tratamentos NT e aquele que recebeu torta de mamona tratada com ureia (UR) foram superiores ao tratamento CC. Nao foi verificado efeito dos metodos alternativos de destoxificacao da torta de mamona sobre o consumo de energia bruta (CEB), energia digestivel (CED), energia metabolizavel (CEM), balanco energetico (BE), nutrientes digestiveis totais (NDT), consumo de nutrientes digestÃveis totais (CNDT) e digestibilidade da energia bruta (DEB) com medias de 348,06 g/kg0,75, 215,12 g/kg0,75, 202,43 g/kg0,75, 1,97 Mcal/dia, 66,76%, 541,45 g/dia e 64,75%, respectivamente. Os machos apresentaram maiores valores (P<0,05) de CED, CEM e BE que as femeas. O balanÃo de nitrogenio foi superior para o tratamento que recebeu torta de mamona autoclavada (ACL) com media de 7,72 em relacao aos tratamentos UR (6,06) e FOS (5,76). A relacao nitrogÃnio retido/nitrogenio consumido foi superior para os tratamentos ACL (46,12%) e CC (44,43%) em relacao ao tratamento FOS (35,18%). Os balancos energetico e nitrogenado foram positivos para todos os tratamentos. Na avaliacao dos parametros ruminais, o pH variou de 6,43 a 6,92. O tratamento FOS apresentou valores de pH maiores que os tratamentos NT e CC. A alimentacao promoveu reducao nos valores de pH. As concentracoes de N-NH3 foram influenciadas pelos tempos de coletas, apos o fornecimento das racoes. Entre os tempos de coleta, o tempo duas horas pos-prandial foi superior aos demais tempos. Entre os tratamentos, observa-se que CC e UR apresentaram maiores valores de N-NH3 que NT e os tratamentos FOS e ACL obtiveram valores intermediarios. Nao houve diferenca significativa (P>0,05) entre os valores medios de ureia e creatinina plasmatica entre os cinco tratamentos, sendo que as concentracoes sericas de ureia variaram de 26,08 a 42,45 mg/dL e as de creatinina variaram de 0,63 a 0,73 mg/dL. Nao houve influencia dos tratamentos sobre as hemacias, hemoglobina, hematocrito, volume globular medio (VCM), concentracao de hemoglobina globular media (CHCM), segmentados, linfocitos e leucocitos, cujos valores medios encontrados foram de 7,72 106/&#956;l, 10,33 g/dl, 30,65 %, 39,63 &#956;m3, 33,66 %, 44,20 %, 3635,0 /&#956;l, e 7370,0 /&#956;l, respectivamente. Os valores de Eosinofilos apresentaram superioridade para a dieta FOS (3,50%) em relacao a dieta CC (0,50%). Houve diferenca (P<0,05) para os valores de monocitos entre os tratamentos, com a dieta que recebeu torta de mamona tratada com ureia (UR) apresentando superioridade em relacao aos demais. Houve efeito de sexo (P< 0,05) apenas para a variavel Neutrofilos Segmentados com valores medios de 49,30 e 39,10 para machos e femeas, respectivamente. A torta de mamona nao tratada do ponto de vista nutricional pode ser utilizada nas dietas de ovinos como alimento proteico alternativo participando em ate 8% da racao total, sem ocasionar grandes reducoes no consumo e digestibilidade, apresentando ainda valores de perfil hematologico dentro da faixa considerada normal para a especie ovina. / This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of alternative methods of detoxification of castor cake on intake, digestibility, ruminal parameters and blood in sheep. We used 20 sheep, 10 males and 10 females all crossbred ( Morada Nova var. Red x  without defined breed), with average weight around 17  1.02 kg and mean age of 7 months. For the digestibility data and blood parameters were used a randomized complete block design with four replications, being blocks according to the sex of the animal. The design used for data ruminal parameters was randomized blocks in split plots, having in the parcels the diets and in the sub-parcels the harvest times (0, 2, 5 and 8 hours postprandial) with four replications. Were the roughage used grass hay Tifton-85. Diets were fed in two meals daily, collecting in the day after, the remains, faeces and urine. The experimental period lasted 22 days being 21 days for the digestibility trial and 22 th day made to collect blood and rumen fluid. In the assessment of intake and digestibility in vivo was not different (P> 0.05) for dry matter intake (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEM), cellulose (CEL), total carbohydrates (TC) and non-fiber carbohydrates (CNF) (in g/day, %LW, g/kg 0,75 ). Regarding the effect of sex, there was a higher dry matter intake of males compared to females when intake was expressed in g/day and g/kg 0,75 Higher intakes of NDF, ADF, HEM and CEL for. males over females (P <0.05) were observed when expressed as g/day with averages of 385.28 and 333.22 g NDF, 176.54 and 153.07 g of FDA, 208.74 and 180.15 g of HEM, and 149.33 and 128.53 g of CEL for males and females respectively. There was no effect (P>0.05) of the alternative methods of detoxification of castor cake in DMD, OMD, CPD, ADFD, CELD, TCD and NFCD with averages of 67.13%, 68.23%, 66.94 %, 46.78%, 61.20%, 68.36% and 82.84% respectively. The digestibility of EE was higher in diet containing castor bean cake treated with limestone (CC) than for treated with phosphate monodicalcium (FOS). The digestibility of NDF was higher (P <0.05) for the diet that received castor bean cake non untreated (NT) in relation to diet CC. As for the digestibility of the HEM the treatments NT and UR were superior to treatment CC. There was no effect of alternative methods of detoxification of castor bean meal on intake of gross energy (GEI), digestible energy intake (DEI), metabolizable energy (MEI), energy balance (EB), total digestible nutrients (TDN), consumption of total digestible nutrients (CTDN) and digestibility of gross energy (GED) with averages of 348.06 g/kg 0,75 , 215.12 g/kg 0,75 , 202.43 g/kg 0,75 , 1.97 Mcal/day , 66.76% 541.45 g/day and 64.75% respectively. Males had higher values (P <0.05) of DEI, MEI and EB than females. Nitrogen balance was higher for the treatment it received castor bean cake autoclaved (ACL) with a mean of 7.72 compared to treatments UR (6.06) and FOS (5.76). The relationship nitrogen retained/nitrogen intake was higher in ACL treatments (46.12%) and CC (44.43%) compared to the FOS treatment (35.18%). The energy and nitrogen balances were positive for all treatments. In assessing ruminal parameters, the pH ranged from 6.43 to 6.92. Treatment FOS had pH values higher than the treatments NT and CC. The Feeding caused a reduction in pH. The concentrations of N-NH3 were influenced by time of collection, after the xii supply of rations. Among the collection time, the time two hours postprandial was higher than the other times. Among the treatments, it is observed that CC and UR showed higher values of NH3-N and that NT and the treatments ACL and FOS had intermediate values. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between mean values of urea and serum creatinine among the five treatments, being that values serum concentrations of urea ranged from 26.08 to 42.45 mg / dL and creatinine ranged from 0.63 to 0.73 mg / dL. There was no influence of treatments on the red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, packed cell volume (MCV), hemoglobin concentration globular (MCHC), neutrophils, lymphocytes and leukocytes. With average values of 7.72 x106/Âl, 10.33 g/dl, 30.65% 39.63 Âm3, 33.66% 44.20%, 3635.0 /Âl, and 7370.0 /ul, respectively. The values of Eosinophils presented superior for the FOS diet (3.50%) compared with the CC diet (0.50%). There were differences (P<0.05) for the values of monocytes among the treatments, with the UR treatment presenting superiority over the others. The effect of the sex was Significant (P <0.05) for the variable segmented neutrophils with average values of 49.30 and 39.10 for males and females, respectively. The castor cake not treated in the nutritional point of view can be used in the diets of sheep as an alternative protein source participating in up to 8% of the total ration, without causing large reductions in consumption and digestibility, introducing yet values of hematological profile within the range considered normal for the sheep.

FURTADO, Rafael Nogueira. Valor nutricional de rações totais contendo torta de mamona submetida a métodos alternativos de destoxificação para ovinos. 2010. 82 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, , Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-08-09T17:29:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_rnfurtado.pdf: 1111104 bytes, checksum: c088551a4fe29cea01475c574f725575 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-10T15:20:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_rnfurtado.pdf: 1111104 bytes, checksum: c088551a4fe29cea01475c574f725575 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T15:20:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_rnfurtado.pdf: 1111104 bytes, checksum: c088551a4fe29cea01475c574f725575 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of alternative methods of detoxification of castor cake on intake, digestibility, ruminal parameters and blood in sheep. We used 20 sheep, 10 males and 10 females all crossbred (½ Morada Nova var. Red x ½ without defined breed), with average weight around 17 ± 1.02 kg and mean age of 7 months. For the digestibility data and blood parameters were used a randomized complete block design with four replications, being blocks according to the sex of the animal. The design used for data ruminal parameters was randomized blocks in split plots, having in the parcels the diets and in the sub-parcels the harvest times (0, 2, 5 and 8 hours postprandial) with four replications. Were the roughage used grass hay Tifton-85. Diets were fed in two meals daily, collecting in the day after, the remains, faeces and urine. The experimental period lasted 22 days being 21 days for the digestibility trial and 22 th day made to collect blood and rumen fluid. In the assessment of intake and digestibility in vivo was not different (P> 0.05) for dry matter intake (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEM), cellulose (CEL), total carbohydrates (TC) and non-fiber carbohydrates (CNF) (in g/day, %LW, g/kg 0,75 ). Regarding the effect of sex, there was a higher dry matter intake of males compared to females when intake was expressed in g/day and g/kg 0,75 Higher intakes of NDF, ADF, HEM and CEL for. males over females (P <0.05) were observed when expressed as g/day with averages of 385.28 and 333.22 g NDF, 176.54 and 153.07 g of FDA, 208.74 and 180.15 g of HEM, and 149.33 and 128.53 g of CEL for males and females respectively. There was no effect (P>0.05) of the alternative methods of detoxification of castor cake in DMD, OMD, CPD, ADFD, CELD, TCD and NFCD with averages of 67.13%, 68.23%, 66.94 %, 46.78%, 61.20%, 68.36% and 82.84% respectively. The digestibility of EE was higher in diet containing castor bean cake treated with limestone (CC) than for treated with phosphate monodicalcium (FOS). The digestibility of NDF was higher (P <0.05) for the diet that received castor bean cake non untreated (NT) in relation to diet CC. As for the digestibility of the HEM the treatments NT and UR were superior to treatment CC. There was no effect of alternative methods of detoxification of castor bean meal on intake of gross energy (GEI), digestible energy intake (DEI), metabolizable energy (MEI), energy balance (EB), total digestible nutrients (TDN), consumption of total digestible nutrients (CTDN) and digestibility of gross energy (GED) with averages of 348.06 g/kg 0,75 , 215.12 g/kg 0,75 , 202.43 g/kg 0,75 , 1.97 Mcal/day , 66.76% 541.45 g/day and 64.75% respectively. Males had higher values (P <0.05) of DEI, MEI and EB than females. Nitrogen balance was higher for the treatment it received castor bean cake autoclaved (ACL) with a mean of 7.72 compared to treatments UR (6.06) and FOS (5.76). The relationship nitrogen retained/nitrogen intake was higher in ACL treatments (46.12%) and CC (44.43%) compared to the FOS treatment (35.18%). The energy and nitrogen balances were positive for all treatments. In assessing ruminal parameters, the pH ranged from 6.43 to 6.92. Treatment FOS had pH values higher than the treatments NT and CC. The Feeding caused a reduction in pH. The concentrations of N-NH3 were influenced by time of collection, after the xii supply of rations. Among the collection time, the time two hours postprandial was higher than the other times. Among the treatments, it is observed that CC and UR showed higher values of NH3-N and that NT and the treatments ACL and FOS had intermediate values. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between mean values of urea and serum creatinine among the five treatments, being that values serum concentrations of urea ranged from 26.08 to 42.45 mg / dL and creatinine ranged from 0.63 to 0.73 mg / dL. There was no influence of treatments on the red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, packed cell volume (MCV), hemoglobin concentration globular (MCHC), neutrophils, lymphocytes and leukocytes. With average values of 7.72 x106/µl, 10.33 g/dl, 30.65% 39.63 µm3, 33.66% 44.20%, 3635.0 /µl, and 7370.0 /ul, respectively. The values of Eosinophils presented superior for the FOS diet (3.50%) compared with the CC diet (0.50%). There were differences (P<0.05) for the values of monocytes among the treatments, with the UR treatment presenting superiority over the others. The effect of the sex was Significant (P <0.05) for the variable segmented neutrophils with average values of 49.30 and 39.10 for males and females, respectively. The castor cake not treated in the nutritional point of view can be used in the diets of sheep as an alternative protein source participating in up to 8% of the total ration, without causing large reductions in consumption and digestibility, introducing yet values of hematological profile within the range considered normal for the sheep. / Este trabalho foi conduzida com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de metodos alternativos de destoxificacao da torta de mamona sobre o consumo, digestibilidade, parametros ruminais e sanguineos em ovinos. Foram utilizados 20 ovinos, sendo 10 machos inteiros e 10 femeas todos mesticos de Morada Nova, com peso vivo medio em torno de 17 } 1,02kg e idade media de 7 meses. Para o ensaio de digestibilidade e para os dados de parametros sanguineos o delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados com quatro repeticoes, sendo os blocos de acordo com o sexo do animal. O delineamento utilizado para os dados dos parametros ruminais foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas as dietas e nas sub-parcelas os tempos de coleta (0, 2, 5 e 8h pos-prandial) com quatro repeticoes. Foi utilizado como volumoso o feno do capim tifton-85. As racoes foram fornecidas diariamente em duas refeicoes, coletando-se no dia seguinte as sobras, fezes e a urina, apenas no ultimo dia. O periodo experimental teve duracao de 22 dias, sendo 21 dias para o ensaio de digestibilidade e no 22° dia fez-se a coleta de sangue e liquido ruminal. Na avaliacao do consumo e digestibilidade in vivo nao houve diferenca entre os tratamentos (P>0,05) para o consumo de materia seca (CMS), materia organica (CMO), extrato etereo (CEE), proteína bruta (CPB), fibra em detergente neutro (CFDN), fibra em detergente acido (CFDA), hemicelulose (CHEM), celulose (CCEL), carboidratos totais (CT) e carboidratos nao fibrosos (CCNF) em g/dia, %PV, e g/kg0,75. Quanto ao efeito de sexo, houve maior consumo de matéria seca dos machos em relacao as femeas quando o consumo foi expresso em g/dia e g/kg0,75. Maiores consumos de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente acido (FDA), hemicelulose (HEM) e celulose (CEL) para os machos em relacao as femeas (P<0,05) foram observados quando expressos em g/dia com medias de 385,28 e 333,22 g de FDN, 176,54 e 153,07 g de FDA, 208,74 e 180,15 g de HEM, e 149,33 e 128,53 g de CEL para machos e femeas respectivamente. Nao foram observados efeitos (P>0,05) dos metodos alternativos de destoxificacao da torta de mamona na DMS, DMO, DPB, DFDA, DCEL, DCT e DCNF com medias de 67,13%, 68,23%, 66,94%, 46,78%, 61,20%, 68,36% e 82,84% respectivamente. A digestibilidade do extrato etereo (DEE) foi superior na dieta com torta de mamona tratada com calcario calcitico (CC) quando comparada aquela tratada com fosfato monobicalcico (FOS). A digestibilidade da FDN foi superior (P<0,05) na dieta que recebeu torta de mamona nao tratada (NT) em relacao a dieta CC. Ja para a digestibilidade da HEM os tratamentos NT e aquele que recebeu torta de mamona tratada com ureia (UR) foram superiores ao tratamento CC. Nao foi verificado efeito dos metodos alternativos de destoxificacao da torta de mamona sobre o consumo de energia bruta (CEB), energia digestivel (CED), energia metabolizavel (CEM), balanco energetico (BE), nutrientes digestiveis totais (NDT), consumo de nutrientes digestíveis totais (CNDT) e digestibilidade da energia bruta (DEB) com medias de 348,06 g/kg0,75, 215,12 g/kg0,75, 202,43 g/kg0,75, 1,97 Mcal/dia, 66,76%, 541,45 g/dia e 64,75%, respectivamente. Os machos apresentaram maiores valores (P<0,05) de CED, CEM e BE que as femeas. O balanço de nitrogenio foi superior para o tratamento que recebeu torta de mamona autoclavada (ACL) com media de 7,72 em relacao aos tratamentos UR (6,06) e FOS (5,76). A relacao nitrogênio retido/nitrogenio consumido foi superior para os tratamentos ACL (46,12%) e CC (44,43%) em relacao ao tratamento FOS (35,18%). Os balancos energetico e nitrogenado foram positivos para todos os tratamentos. Na avaliacao dos parametros ruminais, o pH variou de 6,43 a 6,92. O tratamento FOS apresentou valores de pH maiores que os tratamentos NT e CC. A alimentacao promoveu reducao nos valores de pH. As concentracoes de N-NH3 foram influenciadas pelos tempos de coletas, apos o fornecimento das racoes. Entre os tempos de coleta, o tempo duas horas pos-prandial foi superior aos demais tempos. Entre os tratamentos, observa-se que CC e UR apresentaram maiores valores de N-NH3 que NT e os tratamentos FOS e ACL obtiveram valores intermediarios. Nao houve diferenca significativa (P>0,05) entre os valores medios de ureia e creatinina plasmatica entre os cinco tratamentos, sendo que as concentracoes sericas de ureia variaram de 26,08 a 42,45 mg/dL e as de creatinina variaram de 0,63 a 0,73 mg/dL. Nao houve influencia dos tratamentos sobre as hemacias, hemoglobina, hematocrito, volume globular medio (VCM), concentracao de hemoglobina globular media (CHCM), segmentados, linfocitos e leucocitos, cujos valores medios encontrados foram de 7,72 106/μl, 10,33 g/dl, 30,65 %, 39,63 μm3, 33,66 %, 44,20 %, 3635,0 /μl, e 7370,0 /μl, respectivamente. Os valores de Eosinofilos apresentaram superioridade para a dieta FOS (3,50%) em relacao a dieta CC (0,50%). Houve diferenca (P<0,05) para os valores de monocitos entre os tratamentos, com a dieta que recebeu torta de mamona tratada com ureia (UR) apresentando superioridade em relacao aos demais. Houve efeito de sexo (P< 0,05) apenas para a variavel Neutrofilos Segmentados com valores medios de 49,30 e 39,10 para machos e femeas, respectivamente. A torta de mamona nao tratada do ponto de vista nutricional pode ser utilizada nas dietas de ovinos como alimento proteico alternativo participando em ate 8% da racao total, sem ocasionar grandes reducoes no consumo e digestibilidade, apresentando ainda valores de perfil hematologico dentro da faixa considerada normal para a especie ovina.