Pulmonell hypertension (PH) är en sjukdom med flera olika etiologier som bidrar till ett förhöjt tryck i lungkretsloppet. PH definieras som ett medelartärtryck i lungpulsådern   25mm Hg i vila uppmätt vid högersidig hjärtkateterisering (RHC). De olika orsakerna till PH delas in i fem grupper. Denna studie fokuserar på grupp I, som utgörs av pulmonell arteriell hypertension (PAH). PAH bidrar till en tryckbelastning av högerkammaren där högerkammaren måste arbeta mot ett högre tryck. Detta leder till en nedsatt högerkammarfunktion. I nuläget används right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) inom RHC, för att mäta högerkammarens arbete. Syftet med studien var att jämföra RVSWI beräknat med ekokardiografi och RHC. Detta för att finna ytterligare ett mått vid bedömning av högerkammarfunktion med ekokardiografi hos patienter med PAH. RVSWI beräknades med två ekokardiografiska metoder (RVSWIEKO1= 90 - (0,62 x pulmonalisflödets accelerationstid (PAT) x slagvolymindex (SVIEKO)), RVSWIEKO2= ((0,61 x maximala gradienten över tricuspidalisinsufficiensen (TRmaxPG)) + medeltrycket i höger förmak (mRAP) + 2) x SVIEKO). Båda metoderna påvisade statistisk signifikant skillnad (p <0,001) i absoluta värden mot RVSWI erhållet med RHC.  En av metoderna (RVSWI EKO2) påvisade en måttlig korrelation mot RHC, medan RVSWI EKO1 hade en försumbar korrelation mot RHC. Studien visade att ekokardiografiskt beräknat RVSWI kan användas, som ett ytterligare mått vid bedömning av högerkammarens funktion. Det krävs dock fler studier för att parametern ska kunna användas kliniskt. / Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease with many different etiologies contributing to an increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation. PH is defined as a mean arterial pressure in the pulmonary artery ≥ 25mm Hg at rest measured by right heart catheterization (RHC). The different causes of PH are divided into five groups. This study focuses on group I, which consists of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH contributes to a pressure overload of the right ventricle. The right ventricle must work at a higher pressure, which leads to a reduced right ventricular function. Currently, right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) by right heart catheterization (RHC) is a measure of right ventricular workload. The purpose of the study was to compare RVSWI calculated with echocardiography to RVSWI by RHC. And to find an additional measure for assessing right ventricular function by echocardiography in patients with PAH.  RVSWI was evaluated with two echocardiographic methods (RVSWIEKO1= 90 - (0,62 x pulmonary acceleration time (PAT) x stroke volume index (SVIEKO)), RVSWIEKO2= ((0,61 x tricuspid regurgitant maximum pressure gradient (TRmaxPG)) + mean right atrial pressure (mRAP) + 2) x SVIEKO). Both the echocardiographic methods showed a statistically significant difference (p <0.001) in absolute values ​​compared to RVSWI by RHC. One of the echocardiographic methods (RVSWI EKO2) showed a moderate correlation with RHC, while RVSWIEKO1 showed a negligible with RHC. The study has shown that RVSWI evaluated with echocardiography can be used as an additional measure, when assessing right ventricular function. However, more studies are needed until the parameter can be used clinically.

The purpose of this essay is to describe the legal conditions of the two legal rights the safety representatives upholds, the right to suspend work and the right to request investigations. Furthermore, it should be investigated and explained what obstacles and problems the safety representatives may face when it comes to exercising these rights. The aim is also to give the essay a diversity perspective with the help of a study of language problems among migrated workers and if this can be a safety hazard in the work and how it then can be related to the safety representatives legal rights mentioned above. As occupational health and safety issues also are regulated by EU law, the purpose of this essay is also to give a brief account of how EU bodies affects the law concerning occupational health and safety issues. In order to answer the essays research questions and to achieve its purpose, I have worked with the legal method and also performed a qualitative research interview.   I have concluded that the right to request investigations and the right to suspend work are two powerful tools that a safety representative has at its disposal. However, there are several aspects that can affect how they can be used and for what. Furthermore, I also came to the conclusion that there are certain obstacles affecting safety representatives possibilities  to work with its right, in the form of knowledge, time for education and also fear from negative consequences applied from the employer. Finally, I would like to present my conclusions concerning language problems and that they could be considered a safety hazard in the work and that the right to request investigations and the right to suspend work could be relevant in the particular case.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Caplan.pdf: 667957 bytes, checksum: a1384a195acb02bc9b04eafe3ce00b09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-28 / The present job intends to show the ideological impediments to the effectiveness of the economic, social and cultural rights, using the critical theory of the human rights and its consequences in the effectiveness of the worker s rights, in special in regards to the clauses of agreements and collective conventions of work. We look for to demonstrate as the theoretical constructions concerning human rights, fundamental rights and worker s rights are marked by elements of the bourgeois liberal hegemonic ideology and which way these theories allow the construction of practices that only are compromised with the reproduction of the status quo. On the other hand, with a hermeneutic proposal which is compromised with the political decisions which had chosen the principles which are in the Constitution of the Republic, we elaborate a proposal of criterions of validity for the conventional clauses that import in negotiation of conditions of work related to human and fundamental rights of the worker human being. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo desvelar os entraves ideológicos à efetividade dos direitos econômicos, sociais e culturais, a partir da teoria crítica dos direitos humanos e seus reflexos na efetivação dos direitos dos trabalhadores, em especial no tocante às cláusulas constantes de acordos e convenções coletivas de trabalho. Procuramos demonstrar como as construções teóricas acerca de direitos humanos, direitos fundamentais e direito do trabalho encontram-se marcadas por elementos da ideologia hegemônica liberal burguesa e de que forma estas teorias permitem a construção de práticas comprometidas tão somente com a reprodução do status quo. Por outro lado, a partir de uma proposta hermenêutica compromissada com as decisões políticas que elegeram os princípios constantes da Constituição da República, elaboramos uma proposta de critério de validade para cláusulas convencionais que importam em negociação de condições de trabalho ligadas a direitos humanos e fundamentais do ser humano trabalhador.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal demonstrar a aplicabilidade, da demissão por justa causa, nas diversas formas de contrato de trabalho regidas pela Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho. A premissa maior deste estudo será a abordagem das hipóteses elencadas no artigo 482 Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, ou seja, as causas determinantes que levam o empregador e o empregado a desfazer unilateralmente o vínculo laboral através da inexecução culposa de um dos contratantes. Ante o tema principal, como suporte, introduzimos uma pequena noção de contrato e as diversas modalidades de distratos, assim como os incisos que permeiam a aplicabilidade da justa causa, utilizando como apoio bibliografia diversificada, em destaque no final deste trabalho. Em ponto oportuno destacamos as singularidades apresentadas em alguns dos princípios do processo penal e do direito constitucional, quando relacionadas ao processo trabalhista, dentre estes princípios o do devido processo penal, do contraditório, da indisponibilidade do processo, da verdade real, dentre outros que emolduram estas singularidades entre os dois processos. Em decorrência destacamos o binômio: necessidade versus impossibilidade de manutenção do contrato de trabalho, em que a lei faculta e ampara legalmente determinado ato, seja por impulso do empregado ou do empregador, mas deixa-os descabidos de direitos após a rescisão do contrato de trabalho. O princípio do protecionismo, as semelhanças apresentadas nos processos, penal e trabalhista, a tipificação taxatixa (exaustiva) seja no primeiro quando da tipificação do delito, e no segundo, quando dos incisos aplicados à justa causa, assim como a exclusão do uso da interpretação analógica. Por fim a (in) aplicabilidade da demissão por justa causa, que torna a sua utilização pelo empregador, ociosa, insegura e não alternativa para a rescisão do contrato de trabalho, procurando assim desfazer certas obscuridades legais. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-20T20:45:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Joseana Bassanesi.pdf: 824852 bytes, checksum: 936f471e2d4c961a2d7df6e772f06630 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T20:45:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Joseana Bassanesi.pdf: 824852 bytes, checksum: 936f471e2d4c961a2d7df6e772f06630 (MD5) / This work has as main objective to demonstrate the applicability, of the dismissal for fair cause, in the several labor agreement forms governed by the Consolidation of the Laws of the Work. The larger premise of this study will be the approach of the hypotheses in the article 482 Consolidation of the Laws of the Work, in other words, the decisive causes that take the employer and the employee to undo the bond through the guilty nonperformance of one of the contracting parties. Before the main theme, as support, we introduced a small contract notion and the several modalities, as well as the interruptions that permeate the applicability of the fair cause, using as support diversified bibliography, in prominence in the end of this work. In opportune point we detached the singularities presented in some of the beginnings of the penal process and of the constitutional right, when related to the labor process, among these beginnings the one of the due penal process, of the contradictory, of the unavailability of the process, of the real truth, among others that frame these singularities among the two processes. In consequence we detached the binomial: need versus impossibility of maintenance of the labor agreement, in that the law allows and it aids certain action legally, be for the employee´s pulse or of the employer, but he/she leaves them improper of rights after the rescission of the labor agreement. The beginning of the protectionism, the similarities presented in the processes, penal and labor, the taxatixe (exhausting) it is in the first when of the of the crime, and in the second, when the applied interruptions to the fair cause, as well as the exclusion of the use of the analogical interpretation. Finally the (in) applicability of the dismissal for fair cause, that it turns his/her use for the employer, idle, insecure and no alternative for the rescission of the labor agreement, trying like this to undo certain legal obscurities.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal demonstrar a aplicabilidade, da demissão por justa causa, nas diversas formas de contrato de trabalho regidas pela Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho. A premissa maior deste estudo será a abordagem das hipóteses elencadas no artigo 482 Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, ou seja, as causas determinantes que levam o empregador e o empregado a desfazer unilateralmente o vínculo laboral através da inexecução culposa de um dos contratantes. Ante o tema principal, como suporte, introduzimos uma pequena noção de contrato e as diversas modalidades de distratos, assim como os incisos que permeiam a aplicabilidade da justa causa, utilizando como apoio bibliografia diversificada, em destaque no final deste trabalho. Em ponto oportuno destacamos as singularidades apresentadas em alguns dos princípios do processo penal e do direito constitucional, quando relacionadas ao processo trabalhista, dentre estes princípios o do devido processo penal, do contraditório, da indisponibilidade do processo, da verdade real, dentre outros que emolduram estas singularidades entre os dois processos. Em decorrência destacamos o binômio: necessidade versus impossibilidade de manutenção do contrato de trabalho, em que a lei faculta e ampara legalmente determinado ato, seja por impulso do empregado ou do empregador, mas deixa-os descabidos de direitos após a rescisão do contrato de trabalho. O princípio do protecionismo, as semelhanças apresentadas nos processos, penal e trabalhista, a tipificação taxatixa (exaustiva) seja no primeiro quando da tipificação do delito, e no segundo, quando dos incisos aplicados à justa causa, assim como a exclusão do uso da interpretação analógica. Por fim a (in) aplicabilidade da demissão por justa causa, que torna a sua utilização pelo empregador, ociosa, insegura e não alternativa para a rescisão do contrato de trabalho, procurando assim desfazer certas obscuridades legais. / This work has as main objective to demonstrate the applicability, of the dismissal for fair cause, in the several labor agreement forms governed by the Consolidation of the Laws of the Work. The larger premise of this study will be the approach of the hypotheses in the article 482 Consolidation of the Laws of the Work, in other words, the decisive causes that take the employer and the employee to undo the bond through the guilty nonperformance of one of the contracting parties. Before the main theme, as support, we introduced a small contract notion and the several modalities, as well as the interruptions that permeate the applicability of the fair cause, using as support diversified bibliography, in prominence in the end of this work. In opportune point we detached the singularities presented in some of the beginnings of the penal process and of the constitutional right, when related to the labor process, among these beginnings the one of the due penal process, of the contradictory, of the unavailability of the process, of the real truth, among others that frame these singularities among the two processes. In consequence we detached the binomial: need versus impossibility of maintenance of the labor agreement, in that the law allows and it aids certain action legally, be for the employee´s pulse or of the employer, but he/she leaves them improper of rights after the rescission of the labor agreement. The beginning of the protectionism, the similarities presented in the processes, penal and labor, the taxatixe (exhausting) it is in the first when of the of the crime, and in the second, when the applied interruptions to the fair cause, as well as the exclusion of the use of the analogical interpretation. Finally the (in) applicability of the dismissal for fair cause, that it turns his/her use for the employer, idle, insecure and no alternative for the rescission of the labor agreement, trying like this to undo certain legal obscurities.

In this dissertation I am analysing certain aspects of labour, especially the ones that are of significant interest to moral philosophy within the church and its catholic doctrine. In the same time I identify the foundation for freedom and dignity of labouring human being that are being degraded especially in the present time economisation process. Further, I outline the issues associated with the changes within the division of labour from industrial revolution to present day and in the same time I present issues connected with labouring human being vs. human capital. Because freedom is the foundation of humanity I also describe issues connected with human rights in the context of universal and natural law. In this way I analyse Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its defence in an intercultural environment. Lastly, besides those theoretical concepts, I evaluate an Amnesty International CR project called "Business That is Worth It" which aims at supporting companies to a responsible management of employees rights protection especially in developing countries.