A demand for requested death in the human society seems to be increasing nowadays. In some countries, there has been such an institue legitimized. However, this demand is not usually accepted by the branches of state power. The main argument against the right for assisted life ending is often appointed as, what is so called, right for life. These are the appointments in international and national documents, which gurantee opportunity of human beeings' lives, as a unique organism. This appointment first appears in Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is then used in every other document dealing with basic human rights. Because of some sort of unclear thoughts, when deeper analysing right for life, it is possible to contest and disagree with an interpretation of above mentioned institute and its place of shield against positive efforts of setting the human's right of a decision, how and when to end the life. The problem seems to lie right in the creation of such an institue - which interpretation have had people, who have been creating original document, on their minds? Another unclear thoughts seem to appear in the effort of setting a subject and the content of the mentioned right. The main point is, if the right-for-lifeholder is a human after or before the birth and if before, when...

The thesis deals with legalization of active euthanasia, its main impacts for the whole society, potential abuse and some basic concerns of specialist of various profession related to euthanasia. The thesis is focused on the medical, economic, legal and religious point of view of euthanasia and defines crucial approaches of the defenders and defendant of euthanasia. Special emphasis is on the attitude of doctors, whose opinions on legalization of active euthanasia vary. The thesis denies legalization of active euthanasia as a good solution for patients which are incurable ill or dying, calls attention to keeping the right to live in current form and disagrees with the economical argument that euthanasia is cheap and fast solution for complicated situation of the health service.

The present thesis explores Article 19 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which recognizes the right of all persons with disabilities to live in the community, with choices equal to others. The relationship between Article 19 and the other articles of the Convention are explored, in order to discuss the role of Article 19 in the Convention. The thesis examines whether the right to live in the community, set out in Article 19, can be considered as the most central right of the Convention. The thesis applies the legal analytical method, and it is based on the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; the communications of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; official reports of the United Nations as well as international non-governmental organizations; and scientific articles from books and journals. By using Arendt’s idea of “the right to have rights” as a theory, this thesis argues that the right to live in the community, contained in Article 19, constitutes the right to have rights for persons with disabilities and therefore it can be considered as the most central right of the Convention.

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What does «the right to live the process of dying with dignity» mean in Spanish law?Different recent regulatory developments in Spanish legal system are analyzed in this article concerning person’s rights at the end of its life. In particular, the author attempts to explain the enigmatic sense of the new expression “the right to live the process of dying with dignity” and beyond its current configuration as a “legal” right—more than a constitutional one—. Also attempts to catalogue it as a new fundamental right. / Se analizan en este texto diversos desarrollos normativos recientes en el ordenamiento jurídico español respecto de los derechos de la persona en el tramo final de su vida. En particular, se intenta aclarar el enigmático sentido de la emergente expresión «derecho a vivir con dignidad el proceso de la muerte» y, más allá de su actual configuración como derecho «legal» más que «constitucional», su posible catalogación como nuevo derecho fundamental.

Las manifestaciones narrativas sobre la violencia política y el derecho a la vida en el marco del Conflicto Armado Interno (CAI) peruano (1980-2000) están compuestas por formas plurales y diversas que conforman un sistema de valores de gran importancia en la vida pública. Esto da origen al problema abordado en la presente investigación, que recoge las narrativas de egresados/as de la Carrera de Comunicación y Periodismo de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, entre el 2015 y el 2019, para explorar las formas específicas y particulares con las que este grupo construye sus actitudes hacia la violencia política y sus valoraciones sobre el derecho a la vida en el contexto del mencionado periodo. Uno de los propósitos de esta tesis es mostrar la utilidad del rol reflexivo de los periodistas en torno a sus propias percepciones acerca de la violencia, como una práctica esencial para el tratamiento responsable de dicho tema en el ejercicio periodístico. El diseño de la investigación está regido por un enfoque cualitativo de tipo inductivo. Este propone enriquecer los conceptos orientadores, definidos con apoyo de la literatura, a través de los datos empíricos recogidos por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas a profundidad. La orientación metodológica se apoya en la etnometodología, cuyos fundamentos son una guía en el estudio de las prácticas usadas por los y las informantes en la construcción narrativa de sus concepciones sobre la violencia. El concepto de narrativas es transformado ante los resultados obtenidos. Estas demuestran ser elaboraciones en situación, construidas como respuesta a la interacción de la entrevista. La reflexividad —proceso asumido como tácito por los sujetos, a través del cual construyen y hacen observables sus métodos para interpretar la violencia— es un hallazgo clave. Las narrativas toman direcciones diversas y plurales según los grados de reflexividad generados ante la interacción entre entrevistados/as y entrevistadora. El proceso reflexivo influye en la formación de los estilos narrativos hallados. El relato de la identificación simpática y el relato funcional despliegan una reflexividad circunscrita por objetivos, lo que deriva en la construcción de concepciones sobre la violencia basadas en fórmulas preestablecidas, con actitudes y valoraciones en permanente alternancia de posturas. Un tercer estilo muestra una interacción que desarrolla un proceso progresivo de reflexividad que da a lugar a la formación de una narrativa alternativa, con percepciones hacia sobre la violencia política y el derecho a la vida que siguen una permanente evolución en el transcurso de la interacción. Las formas narrativas, entonces, están marcadamente vinculadas a los grados de reflexividad desarrollados como respuesta a cada interacción. / The narratives on political violence and the right to life regarding the internal armed conflict, which happened in Peru between 1980 and 2000, are made of plural and diverse points of view, which constitute an extremely important value system in public life. Such scenario is the origin of this research, which collects the narratives of Journalism graduates from Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), between 2015 and 2019, in order to explore specific and particular forms used by this group to build up their attitudes towards political violence and their appreciations on the right to live in the context of the aforementioned armed conflict. One of the main purposes of this thesis is to prove the utility of the reflective role of journalists on their own perceptions of violence as an essential praxis for the responsible treatment of such a subject as professionals. The research design is based on a qualitative approach of inductive kind. This aims to enrich the orientation concepts defined by supporting bibliography for empirical data collected through in-depth interviews. The methodology is supported by ethnomethodology, which bases on a guide in the study of practices used by the informers in the narrative construction of their own conceptions about violence. The concept of ‘narrative’ changes due to the results. The narratives prove to be constructions in a specific context, produced as an answer during the interview. Reflexivity —a process that the subjects assume as implicit, through which they make and show their methods to depict violence— is a key discovery. The narratives take diverse and plural directions according to the degree of reflection generated by the interaction between the researcher and the subjects interviewed. Consequently, the aforementioned thought process influences the production of the narrative styles we found. The narration of the sympathetic identification and the functional narrative show a reflection defined by objectives, which leads to the construction of thoughts on violence based on established formulas, with a permanently mutation of attitudes and appreciations. A third style shows an interaction that develops a progressive process of reflexivity that allows the formation of an alternative narrative, whose perceptions of political violence and the right to live maintain a permanent evolution during the interaction. The narrative ways, then, are remarkably linked to the degrees of reflexivity developed as an answer to each interaction. / Tesis

Status and Role of New Human Rights in International Law This diploma thesis compares three methods which have been used so far in the creation of new human rights in international law. The first chapter establishes the theory of the creation of new human rights in international law. It is claimed that all new human rights have been created by one of the following three methods: the adoption of an international treaty; the interpretation of an internetional treaty; or the adoption of a declaration. The second chapter provides definitions of a notion of human rights and determines a notion of new human rights as those rights which are not expressed in the International Bill of Human Rights. The distinction of human rights by generations is rejected. The third chapter summarizes the sources of international human rights law, which are international treaties, international custom and general principles of international law. Further, the third chapter shows the significance of peremptory norms and soft law instruments for international human rights. The fourth chapter deals with the first method of creating new human rights, i.e. adoption of international treaty. This method is presented through the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the right to live in community. The formulation...