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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Consulta dos trabalhadores no âmbito da prevenção de riscos profissionais

Pinto, Patrícia Raquel da Silva Leite January 2012 (has links)
Tese de Mestardo. Engenharia de Segurança e Higiene Ocupacionais. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012
192

Abordagem aos índices de prevenção : contributos para a sua determinação

Costa, Emília Rosa Quelhas Moreira da January 2009 (has links)
Tese de mestrado. Engenharia de Segurança e Higiene Ocupacionais. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2009
193

Efeitos biológicos dos campos electromagnéticos : aplicação ao caso dos transportes colectivos com tracção eléctrica

Lourenço, Karla de Souza January 2009 (has links)
Tese de mestrado. Engenharia de Segurança e Higiene Ocupacionais. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2009
194

Riscos nas salas de aula : estudo de um caso

Rebelo, Ana Teresa Bragança January 2007 (has links)
Tese de mestrado. Engenharia de Segurança e Higiene Ocupacionais. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2007
195

Geologia ambiental de la depressió de la selva

Vehí Casellas, Montserrat 19 November 2001 (has links)
La tesi "Geologia ambiental de la Depressió de la Selva" és un estudi aprofundint en el coneixement de les variables geològiques del territori que interaccionen amb l'activitat humana, agrupades segons si corresponen a l'obtenció de recursos o bé si representen riscos o impactes. La informació ha estat elaborada i analitzada utilitzant sistemes d'informació geogràfica (SIG), concretament el programa informàtic Arcview. La depressió tectònica de la Selva és una extensió plana rodejada de petits relleus elevats amb una àrea total de 568,8 km2 i que inclou dues conques hidrogràfiques (Onyar i Santa Coloma). S'integra en un sistema de zones enfonsades que formen part de la depressió prelitoral Catalana i que s'estenen des del nord-est de la fossa tectònica del Vallés fins a l'extrem sud de la serralada Transversal. El sòcol de la fosa i els massissos que l'envolten són constituïts per roques del Paleozoic, essencialment plutòniques i hipabissals i, en menor proporció metasediments afectats per metamorfisme de contacte sovint intens. La fossa pròpiament dita, és reblerta de sediments detrítics neogens i quaternaris aportats pels cursos fluviotorrencials provinents dels massissos que l'encerclen. Finalment, en els marges de la depressió es van produir importants manifestacions volcàniques, sobretot durant el Neogen, lligades a la tectònica distensiva.Pel que fa a l'ús com a roques industrials, tot i disposar de recursos per a ser utilitzats com a roques ornamentals i de construcció i sobretot com a àrids, cal destacar que és poca la superfície realment apta per a la seva explotació ja que hi ha moltes zones protegides o amb certes limitacions d'ús.En l'estudi dels recursos hídrics s'ha diferenciat entre superficials y subterranis. Destaca una zona humida on s'ha detectat una surgència termal desconeguda fins al moment (Prats de Sant Sebastià). S'han descrit i estudiat 5 aqüífers principals (Quaternari al·luvial, volcànic explosiu, Mio-pliocè, Granit alterat - Sauló, Paleozoic - Granits de la Selva) amb característiques químiques molt similars, destacant com a més mineralitzat el Paleozoic i com a nivells amb més punts contaminats per nitrogen el Quaternari al·luvial i Mio - Pliocè. A tota la zona hi ha nombroses fonts, algunes de caràcter termal relacionades amb l'aqüífer Paleozoic. Segons el balanç hídric hi ha un excedent de 318,15 Hm3 que correspon a la suma entre l'evapotranspiració real (entre 200,39 Hm3 - Turc i 299,82 Hm3 - Coutagne), fluxes subterranis a altres conques i possiblement al consum de diversos propietaris de pous no legalitzats.S'han definit i caracteritzat 4 zones com a recurs geocultural (zones amb un important caràcter divulgatiu, didàctic i/o científic que signifiquin una aposta per la seva utilització com a recurs): El volcà de la Crosa de Sant Dalmai, Estany de Sils i Riera de Vallcanera, Caldes de Malavella: aigües termals de Caldes, Volcà del camp dels ninots i els prats de Sant Sebastià i Santa Coloma de Farners: aigües termals i itinerari de morfologies granítiques.S'ha estudiat el risc d'inundació, el d'expansibitat d'argiles, el d'erosió, l'impacte de les activitats extractives, el de les activitats agrícoles i ramaderes i el d'abocaments de residus urbans i industrials. S'han valorat també riscos menys importants a la zona com són el risc sísmic i volcànic, el de moviments de vessant i l'impacte per esgotament de recursos geològics i canvis d'usos del sòl. El risc més important que afecta a la zona és el risc induït de l'impacte de les activitats agrícoles i ramaderes havent-se pogut comprovar mitjançant l'anàlisi utilitzat SIG que l'única zona sense evidències de contaminació nitrogenada a l'aigua subterrània és a la conca de la riera de Santa Coloma, coincidint amb les àrees on s'ha determinat menor excedent de nitrogen. / The aim of the thesis "Selva Basin Environmental Geology" is to delve in the knowledge of land geological variables that interact with human action. These variables are grouped into different categories depending on their being resources, risks or impacts. The information gathered has been treated using a Geographic Information System (GIS) program, which in our case has been Arcview by Esri. Selva Basin is a depression surrounded by small hills. It has a total area of 568.8 km2, and it comprises two different hydrographical basins (those of Onyar River and Santa Coloma). The Selva Basin is part of the Pre-Litoral Basin of Catalonia, which begins in the Vallès Fault Trench and continues to the southern part of the Transversal Mountain Range. The basement of the trench and the hills that surround it consist of Paleozoic rocks, especially of the plutonic and hypabyssal type and, in less proportion, of metasediments affected by contact metamorphism that sometimes may be of high degree. The trench is filled with Neogene and Quaternary debris sediments coming from the surrounding hills. Finally, important volcanic manifestations related to strain tectonics took place in the limits of the basin, especially during the late Neogene.As far as industrial rocks is concerned, many rocks apt to be exploited as ornamental rocks or as aggregates can be found. However the actual area where these activities can be developed is reduced because of they're being several protected, or at least use-restricted, areas.In the study of water resources, a difference between superficial and groundwater resources is made. A humid zone (Prats de Sant Sebastià) stands out from the rest of the study. There, a previously unknown thermal spring has been detected. Five main aquifers have been described (Alluvial Quaternary, Explosive Volcanic, Mio-Pliocene, Altered Granite (Palaeozoic regolith) and Selva granites). They have similar chemical characteristics. The Paleozoic aquifer shows a slightly higher mineralization whereas the Alluvial Quaternary and the Mio-Pliocene aquifers present a greater number of control points contaminated by Nitrogen. Many springs can be found all over the study area, some of them (of thermal origin) related to the Palaeozoic aquifer. According to the water balance, there is a 318.15 Hm3 surplus. This figure comes from the sum of actual evapotranspiration (between 200.39 Hm3 (Turc) and 299.82 Hm3 (Coutagen)), groundwater flows to other basins and (probably) consume due to the existence of several illegal wells.Four different zones have been defined as geo-cultural resources (that is: areas with an important informative, didactic and/or scientific character). These are: La Crosa de Sant Damai Volcano, Sils Pond and Vallcanera Brook, Camp dels Ninots Volcano and Prats de Sant Sebastià and (finally) the thermal water and granite morphologies itinerary of Santa Coloma de Farners. The risks of flooding, expansive soils and erosion have been studied. The impacts derived from the extractive, agricultural and stockbreeding activities together with those impacts derived from the dumping of urban and industrial wastes have been considered as well. Lesser risks of the area, such as seismic and volcanic risks, landslides, and impact coming from changes in the uses of soil or the depletion of geological resources have also been taken into account. The most important risk affecting the area is the risk induced by the impact which agricultural and stockbreeding activities have generated. Through a GIS based analysis of the situation, it has been proved that the single zone without evidences of groundwater contamination by Nitrogen is the Santa Coloma Basin, the place where the lower surplus of Nitrogen has been found.
196

Human health risk assessment of exposure to environmental pollutants in the chemical / petrochemical industrial area of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain)

Nadal Lomas, Martí 21 December 2005 (has links)
Tesi: Human health risk assessment of exposure to environmental pollutants in the chemical/petrochemical industrial area of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain).Autor: Martí NadalResum:Un dels complexos químics/ petroquímics més importants del sud d'Europa està ubicat a Tarragona. En els darrers anys, ha augmentat la preocupació pública envers els possibles efectes adversos que el complex industrial podria tenir per a la salut de la població resident a Tarragona. En resposta, el 2002 s'inicià un estudi per tal de determinar els nivells de diversos contaminants a l'àrea. En concret, es van recollir mostres de sòls i vegetació (bledes silvestres) en diversos punts dels Polígons Nord i Sud, així com del centre urbà de Tarragona i diversos barris residencials. Finalment, es van prendre mostres fora de l'àrea d'influència directa de les indústries (controls). En totes les mostres, es van determinar les concentracions d'arsènic (As), cadmi (Cd), crom (Cr), mercuri (Hg), manganès (Mn), plom (Pb) i vanadi (V). Per altra banda, també s'hi analitzaren els nivells de policlorodibenzo-p-dioxines i furans (PCDD/Fs), bifenils policlorats (PCBs), naftalens policlorats (PCNs) i hidrocarburs aromàtics policíclics (PAHs). Els sòls recollits en el complex químic i les àrees urbana/residencial presentaren les concentracions més elevades per a tots els contaminants analitzats. La diferència respecte a les zones petroquímica i no contaminada fou significativa pel Cr, el V, els PCDD/Fs i els PCBs. No obstant, els nivells de tots els contaminants en sòl foren clarament menors a les concentracions màximes permeses en les legislació. Quant a les bledes, no es van trobar diferències significatives per a cap dels contaminants, llevat del V. En conseqüència, es podria considerar que Tarragona presenta un cert grau de contaminació per part d'aquest metall.L'aplicació del mapa auto-organitzatiu de Kohonen (SOM) i l'anàlisi de components principals (PCA) permeté la identificació d'alguns punts del sud-oest del complex químic, i del centre urbà de Tarragona, pels seus alts nivells de contaminació. De fet, la presència d'una planta de producció de clor, així com el règim de vents predominant (mestral) i l'altura de les torxes i xemeneies de la refineria (facilitant la dispersió lluny del focus) serien una explicació raonable de les concentracions relativament més elevades de l'àrea química.Les actuals concentracions de metalls pesants no suposen un augment rellevant dels riscos no cancerígens per a la població. No obstant, un cert nombre de casos de càncer podria derivar de la ingesta d'As (a causa dels baixos nivells d'As establerts per l'US EPA) i inhalació de Cr (ja que es va assumir que el Cr6+ era 1/6 del crom total). L'avaluació de riscos de l'exposició a PCDD/Fs es dugué a terme en funció del nivell socioeconòmic de la població. L'exposició directa suposa menys del 2% del total. Globalment, els habitants de les àrees residencials estan més exposats a les PCDD/Fs a causa de la ingesta dietètica. De tota manera, els riscos associats a aquesta exposició són assumibles. Considerant les baixes concentracions de PAHs, es va estudiar la influència de la temperatura i la radiació solar en la fotodegradació de PAHs. S'observà que ambdues variables podrien tenir un efecte sinergètic. Per tal d'estudiar l'estat integral de contaminació a Tarragona, es desenvolupà un Índex de Risc Integral en base al SOM. Així, es va elaborar un ranking dels diversos contaminants en funció de la seva persistència, bioacumulació i toxicitat. Posteriorment, es va dissenyar un mapa del risc de la zona mitjançant la representació espacial de l'Índex amb un Sistema d'Informació Geogràfica.Tot i que el risc per metalls pesants i contaminants orgànics no és significatiu, fóra molt recomanable dur a terme mesures continuades del nivells d'aquests i altres contaminants en les àrees industrials i urbanes de Tarragona. Així mateix, caldria fer un esforç conjunt per tal de reduir els nivells ambientals d'As, Cr i V.Thesis: Human health risk assessment of exposure to environmental pollutants in the chemical/petrochemical industrial area of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain).Author: Martí NadalSummary:One of the most important chemical/petrochemical complexes in Southern Europe is located in Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain). In recent years, public concern over possible adverse health effects for the population living near the industrial complex has increased. In response, in 2002 we initiated a wide survey to determine the current levels of various pollutants in the area. Specifically, samples of soils and vegetation (wild chards) were collected in several locations of the chemical and petrochemical industrial complex of Tarragona, as well as in Tarragona downtown and some residential suburbs. Finally, a few samples were collected outside the direct influence of the chemical industries (controls). Concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and vanadium (V) were determined in those samples. In turn, the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also determined in the same samples.Soils collected near the chemical complex and in urban/residential areas showed the highest concentrations for all the chemicals analyzed. The difference with respect to the petrochemical and unpolluted areas was significant for Cr, V, PCDD/Fs and PCBs. However, the levels of all pollutants in soil were clearly lower than the maximum allowed concentrations established by the legislation. With regard to chard samples, no significant differences were observed for any of the pollutants, excepting V. Consequently, it can be considered that Tarragona is impacted by some degree of pollution by this metal. The application of Kohonen's Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) allowed to identify some sampling locations in the south-western corner of the chemical area, and in Tarragona downtown, due to relatively high levels of pollution. In fact, the presence of a chlor-alkali plant, as well as the predominant wind regime (from North) and the height of stacks and torches of the oil refinery (making easier the dispersion far away these sources), would be a reasonable explanation why higher concentrations were found in the chemical area.The current concentrations of heavy metals do not pose relevant non-carcinogenic risks for the population. However, a certain number of cancer cases could derive from As ingestion (due to the low As levels established by US EPA) and Cr inhalation (according to the assumption that Cr+6 is 1/6 of the total chromium). Human health risk assessment of PCDD/F exposure was carried out according to the socioeconomic status of the population. The environmental exposure only means less than 2% of the total exposure. Overall, people of residential areas result more exposed to PCDD/Fs. However, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated to that exposure would be assumable.Considering the low levels of PAHs, the influence of the temperature and solar radiation on the PAH photodegradation was studied. It was found that both variables might have a synergistic effect over PAH degradation. To study the global state of pollution in the area of Tarragona, a SOM-based Integral Risk Index was developed. Inorganic and organic pollutants were ranked according to different properties of persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. Subsequently, a risk map of the zone was designed as the spatial representation of this Index with a Geographic Information System (GIS). Although the risk by heavy metals and organic pollutants is not notable, continuous measurements of these and other pollutants in the industrial and urban Tarragona are remarkably advisable. Likewise, some efforts should be done to reduce the environmental levels of As, Cr, and V.
197

Avaliacao dos riscos a saude dos trabalhadores de uma planta de producao de lubrificantes: uma proposta de gerenciamento de riscos

Novaes, Roberto Jose Silva. January 2000 (has links) (PDF)
Mestre -- Escola Nacional de Saude Publica, Rio de Janeiro, 2000.
198

Avaliacao da qualidade do ar em um aeroporto na cidade do Rio de Janeiro

Silveira, Maritse Gerth. January 2001 (has links) (PDF)
Doutor -- Escola Nacional de Saude Publica, Rio de Janeiro, 2001.
199

[pt] UMA PROPOSTA DE MODELO MULTI-FATORIAL FUNDAMENTALISTA DE CURTO PRAZO PARA O MERCADO ACIONÁRIO BRASILEIRO

GUSTAVO SANCHES CASTELLO BRANCO 15 April 2002 (has links)
[pt] A dissertação apresenta uma proposta de modelo de fatores fundamentalista, de base diária, como uma alternativa mais parcimoniosa do que as tradicionais no cálculo do Value-at- Risk. Surpreendidos por prejuízos causados geralmente por elevada exposição ao risco de mercado, bancos e instituições vêm dedicando atenção especial ao aprimoramento de técnicas de gerenciamento de risco. O estudo relembra conceitos básicos de teoria de carteiras, em particular os modelos de equilíbrio de precificação de ativos, como o CAPM e o APT. Em seguida, a metodologia do Value-at- Risk é abordada, bem como os principais modelos de volatilidade utilizados na sua implementação. Os modelos multi-fatoriais, como os desenvolvidos pela Barra International, são apresentados como simplificadores do processo de estimação da matriz de covariâncias dos ativos de uma carteira. Finalmente, um modelo diário de fatores é estimado e aplicado no cálculo do VaR de uma carteira de ações brasileiras. Os resultados o qualificam como uma ferramenta consistente, eficiente e estruturada no cálculo e análise do risco financeiro.
200

Investigações sobre modelagem, mitigação e predição de cintilação ionosférica na região brasileira /

Vani, Bruno César. January 2018 (has links)
Orientador: João Francisco Galera Monico / Banca: Eurico Rodrigues de Paula / Banca: Alison de Oliveira Moraes / Banca: Felipe Geremia Nievinski / Banca: Paulo de Oliveira Camargo / Resumo: Cintilações Ionosféricas são rápidas variações na amplitude e/ou fase de um sinal de rádio ao se propagar por irregularidades na densidade de elétrons na ionosfera. Este fenômeno degrada a performance do posicionamento pelo GNSS, uma vez que pode acarretar, dentre outros aspectos, a degradação na acurácia de observáveis e em perdas de sincronismo no receptor. No Brasil, verifica-se a maior suscetibilidade de ocorrência de cintilação algumas horas após o pôr-do-sol, nas épocas do ano compreendidas entre os equinócios de primavera e outono nos anos de alta atividade solar. Redes GNSS de monitoramento de cintilações estão implantadas no território brasileiro, incluindo a rede CIGALA/CALIBRA - a qual é mantida pela FCT/UNESP com o apoio de parceiros nos últimos sete anos. Os dados de monitoramento permitem a realização de diversas pesquisas sobre características e efeitos da cintilação, incluindo as investigações conduzidas neste projeto. Foram investigados aspectos sobre a modelagem da cintilação ionosférica no Brasil, com ênfase na mitigação dos seus efeitos no PPP e na predição de ocorrência de cintilação. No contexto da mitigação, abordagens existentes foram avaliadas e uma nova proposta foi desenvolvida. A abordagem proposta para mitigação consiste em um novo modelo funcional, novo modelo estocástico e uma estratégia para minimizar os efeitos de perdas de sincronismo. A abordagem proposta foi testada com o suporte do software científico RT-PPP e os resultados obtidos foram p... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Ionospheric scintillations are rapid variation in amplitude and/or phase of a radio signal as it propagates through irregularities on electron density in the ionosphere. Such phenomenon degrades the performance of GNSS positioning, because it may cause accuracy degradation on observables and losses of lock, among other aspects. In Brazil, there is more susceptibility to occurrence of scintillations after sunset time between the spring and autumn equinoxes of years with high solar activity. Monitoring networks based on GNSS receivers are deployed over the Brazilian territory such as the CIGALA/CALIBRA network, managed by FCT/UNESP (with support from partners) in the last seven years. Monitoring data allows to develop several research regarding the scintillation effects, as in this thesis. Aspects regarding the modeling of ionospheric scintillation effects in Brazil were investigated, with emphasis on the mitigation of these effects on PPP and predictions of scintillation occurence. In the field of mitigation, existing approaches were investigated and a new one was proposed. The new approach for mitigation relies in both new functional and stochastic models for PPP, as well as a strategy to model effects of losses of lock. The proposed approach was tested with the scientific software RT-PPP and the achieved results were promising, including cases in which the expected accuracy for the PPP was recovered. In the field of the predictions, a database integration was conducted with ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

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