Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-10-06T19:58:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Bárbara Mantovani.compressed.pdf: 14370352 bytes, checksum: b17fd82ef7c294af0977e1eb132200f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T19:58:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Bárbara Mantovani.compressed.pdf: 14370352 bytes, checksum: b17fd82ef7c294af0977e1eb132200f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / capes / A urbanização acelerada associada à ausência histórica de políticas públicas habitacionais levou à população a ocupar desordenadamente áreas de encostas e planícies alagáveis, impulsionando a ocorrência de processos do meio físico causadores de desastres. Frente à ocorrência de eventos de movimentos de massa e inundação de alta magnitude, foi aprovada em 2012 a Lei nº. 12.608 que estabelece diretrizes voltadas à gestão e redução de riscos, com destaque às ações preventivas. Para tanto, o Governo Federal por meio do Ministério da Integração Nacional / Secretaria Nacional de Defesa Civil, iniciou uma parceria com a Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), através do Grupo de Engenharia Geotécnica de Encostas, Planícies e Desastres (GEGEP), com o projeto intitulado “Avaliação da vulnerabilidade e do risco em áreas suscetíveis a deslizamentos e inundações em Pernambuco”. Como compromisso desta parceria e parte da dissertação, foram mapeadas áreas de risco médio, alto e muito alto a processos de movimentos de massa e inundação do município de Camaragibe – PE, considerando aspectos da vulnerabilidade e suscetibilidade. Como complemento, duas áreas foram expandidas e mapeadas em sua amplitude, abrangendo todos os níveis de risco. No total, o mapeamento consta de 102 áreas sujeitas a processos de movimentos de massa e 2 à inundação, distribuídas em 67,56 ha concentrados na porção centro-sul do município onde reside 90% da população local. Foi aplicada a metodologia qualitativa de mapeamento, proposta pelo GEGEP / UFPE e embasada em experiências anteriores, associando vulnerabilidade, através de aspectos físicoambientais e socioeconômico e culturais, e suscetibilidade, a partir de informações geológicogeotécnicas, geomorfológicas e de uso e ocupação do solo. O grau de risco foi obtido por meio de uma matriz que correlaciona estes dois indicadores e 27% dos subsetores obtiveram risco muito alto, 60% alto (incluindo as 2 áreas de inundação), 12% médio e 1% baixo. A metodologia mostrou-se adequada e com boa representação das condições encontradas em campo. Foram comentados os aspectos gerais do município e apresentada a síntese da caracterização geológico-geotécnica de uma encosta com problemas de estabilidade, objeto de pesquisas anteriores do GEGEP / UFPE, bem como suas condições atuais. As características institucionais do município foram avaliadas, os elementos de interesse representados espacialmente e intervenções básicas de engenharia foram propostas para a mitigação de uma área de risco muito alto. / The fast urbanization in association with the historical lack of public housing police have led the population of brazil’s poor regions to occupy disorderly Slopes and floodable plains increasing natural disasters as landslide and flooding. Due high magnitude of these events a Federal Law was published establishing guidelines targeted to management and natural disasters risk decrease in the country, highlighting preventive actions such as mapping risk areas. This research is part of an agreement between the National Integration Ministry/Civil Defense National Secretariat (MI/SEDEC) with The Federal University of Pernambuco / Geotechnical Engineering Group of Slopes and Plains and Disasters (UFPE / GEGEP), with the work has been entitled as “Evaluation of vulnerability and susceptible areas to risk of landslide and flooding in Pernambuco”. The goal of this partnership and part of this work is to present a map of areas with medium-risk, high-risk and very high-risk of mass movements and flooding of occupied areas in the municipality of Camaragibe – PE, from factors related to vulnerability and susceptibility. As a complement, more two areas were expanded and mapped in its amplitude, covering all risk levels. In its totality the mapping contains 102 areas susceptible to mass movements and two susceptible to flooding across 67,56 ha in the southcentral of the municipality where live 90% of the local population. The mapping was done based in the qualitative methodology created by the GEGEP / UFPE group, referring to experiences in past mappings. The vulnerability analysis was planned through the development of indicators associated to two dimensions: physical-environmental and cultural socioeconomics. The susceptibility was analyzed through indicators developed through the geological-geotechnical, geomorphological evaluation and the use and occupation of the soil evaluation. The final risk was obtained through a matrix that correlates the final degree of vulnerability and susceptibility, and 27% subsectors reached very high-risk, 60% reached highrisk (including 2 areas of flooding risk), 12% medium-risk and 1% low-risk. The adopted methodology represented well the field conditions. It was commented general aspects of the municipality and presented a synthesis of geological-geotechnical description of a Slope with stability problems that was subject of several old researches of UFPE/GEGEP as well as its current conditions. The municipality’s institutional characteristics has been evaluated, interest elements were spatially represented and basic engineering interventions has been proposed for a mitigation of very high-risk area.

No description available.

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Zuffo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T10:00:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Krause_VivianSanches_M.pdf: 8010939 bytes, checksum: 38505fe79226b7a20690b366c3bddc37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O risco de acidentes rodoviários com produtos perigosos tem estimulado estudos que possam prever os locais mais críticos a essas ocorrências e seus efeitos em relação à contaminação do solo, da água e suas conseqüências à saúde humana. O mapeamento de risco é uma das formas de obter essas informações, tendo a vantagem de proporcionar uma leitura clara da informação. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo elaborar mapa que represente a potencialidade de risco de contaminação dos recursos hídricos, que poderá ser utilizado como ferramenta para os gestores de bacias nos planos de prevenção de acidentes e sistemas de alerta. Foi escolhida como área de estudo a bacia hidrográfica do rio Cotia em virtude da sua importância para o abastecimento de água da zona oeste da Grande São Paulo, além de ser uma área com grande desenvolvimento industrial no eixo da rodovia Raposo Tavares, que corta a bacia. O mapa foi obtido por meio da utilização da metodologia de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (IDRISI 3.2), o qual foi produzido com uma visão genérica da problemática, dando maior importância às vias de maior tráfego em relação aos recursos hídricos, a declividade da área e a permeabilidade de solo. O mapa elaborado demonstrou ser capaz de representar a potencialidade ao risco de contaminação de determinada área, podendo ser usado como ferramenta no auxílio da prevenção e remediação de acidentes. Esta metodologia pode ser adaptada para outras bacias, subsidiando os gestores a alocar equipes e recursos para o atendimento emergencial, agilizando o processo de resgate e contenção de produto e também pode ser utilizado no planejamento de outras bacias / Abstract: The highway accidents risk with hazardous materials have been stimulating studies to forecast what are the critical locations that these accidents can occur and how they affect the soil and water contamination, as well as their consequences to human health. One way of getting a clear picture of this information is the risk mapping. This study aims to elaborate a risk map of potential water resources contamination, and can be used by watershed managers in the accident prevention and alert system. Due to its water supply importance to the west of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo and because of its significant industrial development around the Raposo Tavares highway, the Rio Cotia watershed was chosen for this study. The methodology is based on the Geographic Information System (IDRISI 3.2), and the map was elaborated with a generic view of the problem, focusing on roads with heavy traffic near water resources, local slope and soil permeability. The map elaborated represents the contamination risk potential of the studied area, and can be used as a support tool in accident prevention and remediation. This methodology can be adapted to other basins, allowing managers to relocate teams and resources in case of emergency and accelerating the product rescue and restrain. It can also be used for other water basins planning / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

[pt] A identificação de áreas com predisposição à ocorrência de desastres naturais surge como informação importante, principalmente no contexto urbano. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi propor uma metodologia para o mapeamento de áreas de risco de fluxo de detritos, considerado como um dos acidentes naturais que mais provocam mortes e perdas materiais. Para tanto, esse estudo fez a modelagem de estabilidade das encostas diretamente num software GIS, em que foram utilizados o Modelo do Talude Infinito, para o cálculo da estabilidade, e do Método CN, como modelo de infiltração. Na análise de risco, considerou-se que Risco é definido pelo produto da probabilidade de ocorrência de um fluxo de detritos (Perigo), onde é avaliada a influência das características do meio físico e do seu processo deflagrador; com a severidade das suas consequências, medidas em termos de população afetada (Exposição) e suas fragilidades (Vulnerabilidade). Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, indicando que a metodologia foi adequada para atingir os objetivos propostos, qualificando-a como viável e promissora para estudos futuros. Dentre as suas vantagens tem-se: ser facilmente replicada para outras áreas de estudo, possuir uma sequência simples de cálculos possuir dados de entrada de fácil obtenção e apresentar baixo custo computacional. / [en] The identification of areas prone to the occurrence of natural disasters is an important information, especially in urban areas. Therefore, this study aimed to propose a methodology for debris flow risk assessment, considered as one of the natural disasters that most cause deaths and material losses. To this end, this study made the slope stability modeling directly in a GIS software, in which the Infinite Slope Model was used for the slope stability calculation, and the CN Method, as the infiltration model. For the risk assessment, Risk is defined by the product of the probability of the occurrence of a debris flow event (Hazard), where the influence of the environment s physical characteristics and its triggering process are evaluated; with the severity of its consequences, measured in terms of the affected population (Exposure) and its weaknesses (Vulnerability). The results obtained were satisfactory, indicating that the methodology presented was adequate to achieve the proposed objectives, qualifying it as viable and promising for future studies. Among its advantages: being easily replicated to other areas of study; have a simple sequence of calculations; have easily obtainable input data; and present low computational cost.

Submitted by PPG Zoologia (zoologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-08-01T18:22:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida MAB___TESE___VERS?O FINAL.pdf: 2953118 bytes, checksum: 99cbefa9c38c7969abce4bafc4b20d54 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-08-02T17:55:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida MAB___TESE___VERS?O FINAL.pdf: 2953118 bytes, checksum: 99cbefa9c38c7969abce4bafc4b20d54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T18:39:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida MAB___TESE___VERS?O FINAL.pdf: 2953118 bytes, checksum: 99cbefa9c38c7969abce4bafc4b20d54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Nonhuman primates (NHP) are susceptible to many arboviruses, including the yellow fever (YF) virus. Although native to Africa, this virus found susceptible NHP and competent mosquito vectors for maintaining its transmission in American forests. A high sensitivity of NHP to YF led health agencies to monitor these animals as a way of monitoring the disease in Brazil. The State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) began this surveillance in 2002, which has detected the arboviruses Oropouche and Saint Louis (SLEV) and a YF epizootic that killed more than 2,000 NHP (Alouatta caraya and A. guariba clamitans) between 2008 and 2009. The objectives of this PhD thesis research were to generate models of niche suitability for YF based on that epizootic and prospect arboviruses in NHP in northwestern RS. The maximum entropy algorithm - Maxent was used to generate distribution models of Alouatta spp. and the mosquito vector Haemagogus leucocelaenus. Together with climatic, topographic and vegetative variables, these models served as predictor layers to model the occurrence of the disease based on the points of death of NHP of YF. The most influential variables in the YF models were the variation in air humidity, distribution of Alouatta spp. and maximum wind speed followed by mean annual rainfall and maximum temperature. Therefore, support for the influence of the rainfall regime and the ambient temperature on the cycle of jungle YF was found. Wind speed and direction can play an important role in the dispersal of infected mosquitoes and, consequently, the virus. The models based on the occurrence of dead NHP in the first months of the epizootic identified suitable areas to where the disease spread a few months later. In addition, 19 arboviruses were prospected in 40 blood (viral isolation and PCR) and serum (hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests [NT]) samples collected from 26 black howler monkeys (A. caraya) belonging to three populations in four field campaigns in the municipality of Santo Ant?nio das Miss?es, RS, between 2014 and 2016. There was no detection of circulating virus, but antibodies to Flavivirus SLEV and Ilh?us and Phlebovirus Icoaraci was found by NT. Evidence of the contact with Ilh?us and Icoaraci are the southernmost records in Brazilian NHP. An increase in antibodies to SLEV detected between two consecutive captures of the same individual is compatible with a recent contact with the virus. An adult male captured in one of the areas presented concomitant infection by the Oropouche, SLEV and YF viruses by NT. Further studies are necessary to understand the role played by NHP and other vertebrates in the circulation of arboviruses in the region, to assess potential risks to NHP and public health, and to identify the driving forces responsible for the dispersal of the YF virus during epizootics in wildlife populations. / Os primatas n?o-humanos (PNH) s?o suscet?veis a diversos arbov?rus, incluindo o v?rus da febre amarela (FA). Embora origin?rio da ?frica, esse v?rus encontrou PNH suscet?veis e mosquitos vetores competentes para sua transmiss?o em matas nas Am?ricas. Uma alta sensibilidade dos PNH ? FA levou ?rg?os de sa?de a monitorar esses animais como forma de vigiar a doen?a no Brasil. O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) iniciou essa vigil?ncia em 2002, a qual detectou os arbov?rus Oropouche e Saint Louis (SLEV) e uma epizootia de FA que matou mais de 2000 PNH (Alouatta caraya e A. guariba clamitans) entre 2008 e 2009. A presente tese de doutorado teve como objetivos gerar modelos de adequabilidade ambiental para FA com base nessa epizootia e prospectar arbov?rus em PNH no noroeste do RS. Foi utilizado o algoritmo de m?xima entropia ? Maxent para gerar modelos de distribui??o de Alouatta spp. e do mosquito vetor Haemagogus leucocelaenus. Esses modelos serviram como camadas preditoras para, junto a vari?veis clim?ticas, topogr?ficas e vegetacionais, modelar a ocorr?ncia da doen?a baseada nos pontos de morte de PNH por FA. As vari?veis mais influentes nos modelos da FA foram a varia??o na umidade do ar, a distribui??o de Alouatta spp. e a velocidade m?xima dos ventos, seguidas pela precipita??o m?dia anual e a temperatura m?xima. Portanto, foi confirmado suporte para a influ?ncia do regime de chuvas e da temperatura ambiente no ciclo da FA silvestre. A velocidade e a dire??o do vento devem desempenhar um importante papel na dispers?o de mosquitos infectados e, consequentemente, do v?rus. Os modelos baseados na distribui??o espacial de PNH mortos nos primeiros meses da epizootia identificaram ?reas adequadas para onde a doen?a avan?ou poucos meses mais tarde. Tamb?m foram prospectados 19 arbov?rus em 40 amostras de sangue (isolamento viral e PCR) e soro (inibi??o da hemaglutina??o e testes de neutraliza??o [NT]) coletadas em quatro campanhas de campo entre 2014 e 2016 de 26 bugios-pretos (A. caraya) de tr?s popula??es no munic?pio de Santo Ant?nio das Miss?es, RS. N?o houve detec??o de v?rus circulante, mas sim de anticorpos para os Flavivirus SLEV e Ilh?us e o Phlebovirus Icoaraci por NT. As evid?ncias de contato com Ilh?us e Icoaraci s?o as primeiras em PNH no extremo sul do Brasil. Um aumento de anticorpos para SLEV detectado entre duas capturas consecutivas do mesmo indiv?duo ? compat?vel com um contato recente com o v?rus. Um macho adulto capturado em uma das ?reas apresentou infec??o concomitante pelos v?rus Oropouche, SLEV e FA por NT. Mais estudos s?o necess?rios para compreender o papel de PNH e outros vertebrados na circula??o de arbov?rus na regi?o, avaliar poss?veis riscos para PNH e a sa?de humana e identificar as for?as motrizes respons?veis pela dispers?o do v?rus da FA durante epizootias em popula??es selvagens.

Au XXIe siècle, la prévision de l'aléa hydrométéorologique et des impacts associés aux crues rapides demeurent un défi pour les prévisionnistes et les services de secours. Les mesures structurelles et / ou les avancées des systèmes de prévision hydrologique ne garantissent pas, à elles seules, la réduction des décès lors de ces phénomènes d'inondation rapide. La littérature souligne la nécessité d'intégrer d'autres facteurs, liés aux processus de vulnérabilité sociaux et comportementaux, afin de mieux prendre en compte les risques encourus par les populations lors de ces épisodes extrêmes. Cette dissertation conduit une analyse théorique couplés à ceux de une analyse des accidents historiques mortels afin d'expliquer les interactions qui existent entre les processus hydrométéorologiques et sociaux responsables de l'apparition de vulnérabilités humaines lors de crues rapides aux États-Unis. Des données d'enquêtes liées aux crues rapides sont examinées afin d'élaborer un système de classification des circonstances du décès (en voiture, à l'extérieur, à proximité d'un cours d'eau, dans un camping, dans un bâtiment ou en mobile-home). L'objectif est d'établir un lien entre la conception des vulnérabilités et l'estimation des pertes humaines liées à ces catastrophes naturelles. "Random forest" est utilisé et est basé sur un arbre de décision, qui permet d'évaluer la probabilité d'occurrence de décès pour une circonstance donnée en fonction d'indicateurs spatio-temporels. Un système de prévision des décès liés à l'usage de la voiture lors des crues rapides, circonstance la plus répandue, est donc proposé en s'appuyant sur les indicateurs initialement identifiés lors de l'étude théorique. Les résultats confirment que la vulnérabilité humaine et le risque associé varient de façon dynamique et infra journalière, et en fonction de la résonance spatio-temporelle entre la dynamique sociale et la dynamique d'exposition aux dangers. Par exemple, on constate que les jeunes et les personnes d'âge moyen sont plus susceptibles de se retrouver pris au piège des crues rapides particulièrement soudaines(par exemple, une durée de près de 5 heures) pendant les horaires de travail ou de loisirs en extérieur. Les personnes âgées sont quant à elles plus susceptibles de périr à l'intérieur des bâtiments, lors d'inondations plus longues, et surtout pendant la nuit lorsque les opérations de sauvetage et / ou d'évacuation sont rendues difficiles. Ces résultats mettent en évidence l'importance d'examiner la situation d'exposition aux risques en tenant compte de la vulnérabilité dynamique, plutôt que de se concentrer sur les conceptualisations génériques et statiques. Ce concept de vulnérabilité dynamique est l'objectif de modélisation développée dans cette thèse pour des vulnérabilités liés aux véhicules. À partir de l'étude de cas sur les crues rapides survenues en mai 2015, et en analysant principalement les états du Texas et de l'Oklahoma, principaux états infectés par ces évènements,le modèle montre des résultats prometteurs en termes d'identification spatio-temporelle des circonstances dangereuses. Cependant, des seuils critiques pour la prédiction des incidents liés aux véhicules doivent être étudiés plus en profondeur en intégrant des sensibilités locales non encore résolues par le modèle. Le modèle établi peut être appliqué, à une résolution journalière ou horaire, pour chaque comté du continent américain. Nous envisageons cette approche comme une première étape afin de fournir un système de prévision des crues rapides et des risques associés sur le continent américain. Il est important que la communauté scientifique spécialisée dans l'étude des crues éclairs récoltent des données à plus haute résolution lorsque ces épisodes entrainement des risques mortels, et ce afin d'appuyer la modélisation des complexités temporelles et spatiales associées aux pertes humaines causées par les futures inondations soudaines. / In the 21st century the prediction of and subsequent response to impacts due to sudden onset and localized flash flooding events remain a challenge for forecasters and emergency managers. Structural measures and/or advances in hydrological forecasting systems alone do not guarantee reduction of fatalities during short-fuse flood events. The literature highlights the need for the integration of additional factors related to social and behavioral vulnerability processes to better capture risk of people during flash floods. This dissertation conducts a theoretical analysis as well as an analysis of flash flood-specific historic fatalities to explain complex and dynamic interactions between hydrometeorological, spatial and social processes responsible for the occurrence of human life-threatening situations during the "event" phase of flash floods in the United States (U.S.). Individual-by-individual fatality records are examined in order to develop a classification system of circumstances (i.e., vehicle-related, outside/close to streams, campsite, permanent buildings, and mobile homes). The ultimate goal is to link human vulnerability conceptualizations with realistic forecasts of prominent human losses from flash flood hazards. Random forest, a well-known decision-tree based ensemble machine learning algorithm for classification is adopted to assess the likelihood of fatality occurrence for a given circumstance as a function of representative indicators at the county-level and daily or hourly time steps. Starting from the most prevalent circumstance of fatalities raised from both the literature review and the impact-based analysis, flash flood events with lethal vehicle-related accidents are the subject to predict. The findings confirm that human vulnerability and the subsequent risk to flash flooding, vary dynamically depending on the space-time resonance between that social and hazard dynamics. For example, it is found that younger and middle-aged people are more probable to get trapped from very fast flash floods (e.g., duration close to 5 hours) while participating in daytime outdoor activities (e.g., vehicle-related, recreational). In contrary, older people are more likely to perish from longer flooding inside buildings, and especially in twilight and darkness hours when rescue and/or evacuation operations are hindered. This reasoning places the importance of situational examination of dynamic vulnerability over generic and static conceptualizations, and guides the development of flash flood-specific modeling of vehicle-related human risk in this thesis. Based on the case study of May 2015 flash floods with a focus in Texas and Oklahoma, the model shows promising results in terms of identifying dangerous circumstances in space and time. Though, critical thresholds for the prediction of vehicle-related incidents need to be further investigated integrating local sensitivities, not yet captured by the model. The developed model can be applied on a daily or hourly basis for every U.S. county. We vision this approach as a first effort to provide a prediction system to support emergency preparedness and response to flash flood disasters over the conterminous U.S. It is recommended that the flash flood disaster science community and practitioners conduct data collection with more details for the life-threatening scene, and at finer resolutions to support modeling of local temporal and spatial complexities associated with human losses from flash flooding in the future.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-02-03T09:20:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Claudia Bueno Alves - 2014.pdf: 4444685 bytes, checksum: e658ba7d06afa845c5f9ed19c3305111 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-02-05T12:28:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Claudia Bueno Alves - 2014.pdf: 4444685 bytes, checksum: e658ba7d06afa845c5f9ed19c3305111 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-05T12:28:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Claudia Bueno Alves - 2014.pdf: 4444685 bytes, checksum: e658ba7d06afa845c5f9ed19c3305111 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-27 / Biosafety can be defined as the actions taken to prevent, reduce or eliminate risks inherent in activities that could endanger human health and the environment. Especially on veterinary environments, there is not much information on the subject. Moreover, the habit of neglecting the adoption of containment measures is not uncommon, which can exacerbate the potential hazards present. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the types of risks present in each section of the laboratory, prepare risk maps with graphical representations of intensity and types of risks, disclose these maps to workers as well as to recognize the types of waste generated in the laboratory and the management adopted to the wastes to elaborate and implement a Waste Management Plan. The study was conducted at an official laboratory for veterinary diagnosis from October, 2013 to March, 2014. In this research, a check list was conducted based on the current legislation on good laboratory practices, risk mapping and waste management. The results showed that all risks and degrees of intensity were present in the laboratory with predominance of biological risk, which had severe intensity in most departments. On the other hand, chemical risk was the least frequent, although it showed the highest coefficient of variation. Regarding intensity, the highest and the lowest amount of riskwere observed in the departments of microbiological diagnosis and equine infectious anemia, respectively. As for waste management, failures were observed in all stages, especially segregation, internal transportation, handling and temporary storage, despite the generation of all types of RSS, but radioactive waste. The risk assessment in the laboratory facilities contributed to the preparation of risk maps in each sector, representing the potential hazards identified and containment measures recommended. Furthermore, a waste management plan was developed and implemented, seeking correction of nonconformities observed and, consequently, minimizing workers exposure to hazards present in the laboratory. With this study, it was possible to evidence that the physical structure as well as material and human resources influence directly the success of a biosafety plan. Thus, it is essential the adoption of a continuing education program to maintain the adherence to preventive measures indicated to minimize risks in the laboratory studied. / A biossegurança pode ser definida como um conjunto de ações destinadas a prevenir, diminuir ou eliminar riscos inerentes às atividades que possam comprometer a saúde humana, animal e o meio ambiente. Particularmente, sobre estabelecimentos veterinários, não há muitas informações a respeito do assunto. Aliado a isso, o hábito de negligenciar as medidas de contenção não é situação incomum, o que, por sua vez, pode agravar os potenciais riscos presentes nesses ambientes. Neste contexto, objetivou-se com este estudo, identificar os tipos de riscos presentes em cada setor de um laboratório de análises e diagnóstico veterinário, elaborar os mapas de riscos com representações gráfica da intensidade e tipos de riscos, divulgar estes mapas junto aos trabalhadores, diagnosticar os tipos de resíduos gerados no laboratório e o manejo adotado para elaboração e implementação do Plano de Gestão dos Resíduos. O estudo foi realizado no período de outubro de 2013 a março de 2014, por meio de check list baseado na legislação vigente, sobre boas práticas laboratoriais, mapeamento de riscos e gestão dos resíduos. Os resultados demonstraram que todos os riscos e graus de intensidade foram observados no laboratório avaliado, com predominância do risco biológico e intensidade grave na maioria dos setores. O risco químico foi o de menor ocorrência, apesar de apresentar maior coeficiente de variação. A maior e menor intensidade de risco foram observadas nos setores de microbiologia e diagnóstico de anemia infecciosa equina, respectivamente. Quanto ao manejo dos resíduos, foram observadas falhas em todas as etapas, especialmente, na segregação, transporte interno, tratamento e armazenamento temporário, apesar da geração de todos os tipos de resíduos, exceto rejeito radioativo. A identificação dos riscos existentes no estabelecimento contribuiu para a elaboração dos mapas de riscos em cada setor, representando os potenciais riscos identificados e as medidas de contenção preconizadas. Além disso, foi elaborado e implementado o plano de gestão dos resíduos, visando correções das não conformidades observadas e, consequentemente, a minimização da exposição dos trabalhadores aos riscos presentes no laboratório. Com este estudo, pôde-se evidenciar que a estrutura física e os recursos materiais e humanos exercem influência direta para o sucesso de um plano de biossegurança, sendo também imprescindível a adoção de um programa de educação continuada para manutenção da adesão às medidas preventivas indicadas para minimização dos riscos existentes no laboratório em estudo.

Spatially-explicit information is essential for planning and implementing interventions against vector-borne diseases. This is also true for African trypanosomoses, a group of diseases of both humans and animals caused by protozoa of the Genus Trypanosoma, and transmitted by tsetse flies (Genus Glossina).<p>In this thesis the knowledge gaps and the requirements for an evidence-based decision making in the field of tsetse and trypanosomoses are identified, with a focus on georeferenced data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Datasets, tools and analyses are presented that aim to fill some of the identified knowledge gaps.<p>For the human form of the disease, also known as sleeping sickness, case detection and treatment are the mainstay of control, so that accurate knowledge of the geographic distribution of infections is paramount. In this study, an Atlas was developed that provides village-level information on the reported occurrence of sleeping sickness. The geodatabase underpinning the Atlas also includes the results of active screening activities, even when no cases were detected. The Atlas enables epidemiological maps to be generated at a range of scales, from local to global, thus providing evidence for strategic and technical decision making.<p>In the field of animal trypanosomosis control, also known as nagana, much emphasis has recently been placed on the vector. Accurate delineation of tsetse habitat appears as an essential component of ongoing and upcoming interventions against tsetse. The present study focused on land cover datasets and tsetse habitat. The suitability for tsetse of standardized land cover classes was explored at continental, regional and national level, using a combination of inductive and deductive approaches. The land cover classes most suitable for tsetse were identified and described, and tailored datasets were derived.<p>The suite of datasets, methodologies and tools presented in this thesis provides evidence for informed planning and implementation of interventions against African trypanosomoses at a range of spatial scales. / Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / During a 2011 summer dominated by headlines about an earthquake and a hurricane along the East Coast, extreme heat that silently killed scores of Americans largely went unnoticed by the media and public. However, despite a violent spasm of tornadic activity that claimed over 500 lives during the spring of the same year, heat-related mortality annually ranks as the top cause of death incident to weather. Two major data groups used in researching vulnerability to extreme heat events (EHE) include socioeconomic indicators of risk and factors incident to urban living environments. Socioeconomic determinants such as household income levels, age, race, and others can be analyzed in a geographic information system (GIS) when formatted as vector data, while environmental factors such as land surface temperature are often measured via raster data retrieved from satellite sensors. The current research sought to combine the insights of both types of data in a comprehensive examination of heat susceptibility using knowledge-based classification. The use of knowledge classifiers is a non-parametric approach to research involving the creation of decision trees that seek to classify units of analysis by whether they meet specific rules defining the phenomenon being studied. In this extreme heat vulnerability study, data relevant to the deadly July 1995 heat wave in Chicago’s Cook County was incorporated into decision trees for 13 different experimental conditions. Populations vulnerable to heat were identified in five of the 13 conditions, with predominantly low-income African-American communities being particularly at-risk. Implications for the results of this study are given, along with direction for future research in the area of extreme heat event vulnerability.

La préservation de la bonne santé du secteur bancaire a toujours été au cœur des préoccupations de la profession bancaire mondiale. La lutte contre le blanchiment des capitaux constitue un moyen pour les banquiers de préserver cette santé. En effet, les banques camerounaises et françaises bien qu’assujetties à la lutte contre le blanchiment des capitaux, ont plus d’un intérêt à mettre en œuvre le dispositif préventif anti-blanchiment. D’une part, au niveau organisationnel, les banques camerounaises et françaises se sont dotées d’un service anti-blanchiment et de dispositifs informatiques qui veillent à stopper leur utilisation à des fins de blanchiment de capitaux. Au plan fonctionnel, les obligations de vigilance imposées aux banques au titre de la lutte contre le blanchiment des capitaux rejoignent et renforcent les règles bancaires déjà instaurées en vue d’une saine pratique des activités bancaires. Cependant, le dispositif préventif anti-blanchiment n’a pas été bien accueilli au sein de la profession bancaire. Pour cause, celui-ci s’attaquait à des principes chers à la profession bancaire notamment, le secret bancaire et le devoir de non-ingérence. De même, la mise en œuvre du dispositif a fait naître de nouvelles obligations dont la violation fait l’objet de sanctions. / The preservation of the good health of the banking sector has always been at the heart of the concerns of the world banking community. The fight against money-laundering is a way for bankers to preserve this health. Indeed, French and Cameroonian banks though assujetties subject to the fight against money-laundering have more than one interest to implement operative preventive anti-money laundering. Firstly, at the organizational level, Cameroon and French banks have an anti-money laundering service and computer devices that shall stop their use for the purpose of money-laundering. Functionally, the vigilance obligations imposed on banks in respect of the fight against money-laundering join and strengthen banking rules already implemented in practical with a healthy level of banking activities. However, operative preventive anti-money laundering is not well-received within the banking profession. For cause, it was attacking principles dear to the banking profession in particular, secrecy and the duty of non-intervention. Similarly, the implementation of operative has brought new obligations whose violation is the subject of sanctions.