This diploma thesis focuses on the issue of implementation of ERP system for small company, and proposes a solution to create a custom enterprise system for e-commerce, which is integrated with the ERP system. Author´s proposals are conceived in the form of a project, including definition of goals, definition of the logical framework, time analysis, risk analysis and economic evaluation.

Nos travaux se situent au croisement de trois domaines : la sûreté de fonctionnement, l'analysefonctionnelle et l'ingénierie des modèles. Dans l'objectif d'assister les analyses préliminaires desrisques, nous avons proposé d'exploiter les modèles issus de l'analyse fonctionnelle de l'avion. Cesmodèles décrivent les dépendances entre les fonctions qui doivent être réalisées durant une phasede vol. Pour exploiter ces modèles, nous avons introduit la notion d'efficacité qui mesure ledegré de contribution d'une fonction à la réalisation nominale d'une phase de vol. Cette notionest utile pour les analyses de risques car elle permet de formaliser divers cas dedysfonctionnements des fonctions et pour évaluer le niveau de dégradation d'une phase de vol encas de dysfonctionnement d'une ou plusieurs fonctions. Nous avons proposé d'annoter les modèlesissus de l'analyse fonctionnelle avec des informations relatives à l'efficacité des fonctions et à leursdysfonctionnements possibles. En suivant les principes de la transformation de modèles, nousavons étudié les moyens de produire le plus automatiquement possible des modèles utiles auxanalyses de risques à partir des modèles annotés. Les modèles produits sont décrits avec lelangage AltaRica, ils peuvent être analysés avec les outils associés à ce langage afin d'évaluerl'effet du dysfonctionnement de fonctions de l'avion ou de rechercher les combinaisons dedysfonctionnements les plus critiques. L'approche proposée a été appliquée pour analyser lesrisques associés aux fonctions utiles lors du décollage d'un avion. / Our work links three domains: safety, functional analysis and model based engineering. In orderto assist preliminary risk analysis, we have proposed to exploit models developed for functionalanalysis. These models describe dependencies between functions that have to be performed duringa flight phase. To exploit these models, we have introduced the notion of efficiency thatmeasures the degree of contribution of a function to the nominal realisation of a flight phase.This notion is useful for risk analysis because it enables the formalisation of various cases offunction failures and the evaluation of the level of degradation of a flight phase in case offunction failures. We have proposed to annotate functional analysis models with informationrelated with function efficiency and potential function failures. Following the principles of modeltransformation, we have studied the means to produce as automatically as possible models thatcould be used to support risk analysis starting from annotated models. Produced models aredescribed with the AltaRica language, they can be analysed with the tools associated with thislanguage in order to evaluate the effect of function failures or to search for the most criticalcombinations of failures. The approach was applied in order to analyse the risks associated withthe functions used during an aircraft take-off.

The information has become a valuable asset for organizations, and computer systems, is subject to various types of threats. Risk management is responsible for ensuring the integrity, confidentiality and availability of this information, identifying key vulnerabilities and threats that surround an information system. To ensure the protection of assets and reduce the incidence of security breaches, it is necessary to adopt risk management practices. Several methods have been proposed for this purpose, however, some differ significantly from each other and may result in classifying different measurements, even when applied to the same domain. This thesis proposes a methodology for analysis and risk assessment, which uses the composition of methods for more accurate results, where the risk of higher priority is obtained by weighting the methods analyzed. In order to validate the proposed methodology, we developed a computational tool that automates all stages of the process and performs the calculations necessary to prioritize the risks. The application scenario was the Data Processing Center, Federal University of Santa Maria. As a result, we obtained risk indicators potentially more accurate, since they reflect the risks prioritized based on weighting of the methods analyzed. / A informação tornou-se um ativo valioso para as organizações e, em sistemas computacionais, está sujeita a diversos tipos de ameaças. A gestão de riscos é responsável por garantir a integridade, a confidencialidade e a disponibilidade dessas informações, identificando as principais vulnerabilidades e ameaças que cercam um sistema de informação. Para assegurar a proteção dos ativos e diminuir a incidência de falhas de segurança, é necessário adotar práticas de gerenciamento de riscos. Vários métodos já foram propostos com esse objetivo, no entanto, alguns divergem significativamente entre si, podendo resultar em quantificações classificatórias divergentes, mesmo sendo aplicados em um mesmo domínio. Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia para análise/avaliação de riscos, que utiliza a composição de métodos para obter resultados mais precisos, onde o risco de maior prioridade é obtido através da ponderação dos métodos analisados. Com o objetivo de validar a metodologia proposta, foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta computacional que automatiza todas as fases da metodologia e realiza os cálculos necessários para priorizar os riscos existentes. O cenário de aplicação foi o Centro de Processamento de Dados da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Como resultado, obteve-se indicadores de risco potencialmente mais precisos, uma vez que refletem os riscos priorizados com base na ponderação dos métodos analisados.

This master´s thesis describes the suggestion of appropriate marketing strategy for an advertising agency, which intends to expand its range of services. The first part deals with theoretical bases which are used in the second part in practice. In the practical part is first analyzed the current state of advertising agencies and are subsequently suggested suitable marketing strategy for the introduction of new services.

The master’s thesis considers a project proposal for reduce changeover time by application one of the lean manufacturing methods. The thesis specifies the basic theoretical concepts and methods of project management and lean manufacturing. It contains analysis of the current state of injecting moulding machine and workplace. The main output of the thesis is compiled the project plan.

This thesis deals with the evaluation of economic risk at a construction point of view of the contractor. The thesis described distribution of risks,identification and risk assessment.The practical part describes and evaluates financial risks specific construction contracts and proposes measures to offset risks.

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Jeffery R. Williams / The economic feasibility of adding a pistachio roasting facility to the current operations of Tularosa Pistachio Groves (TG) was examined. A facility that roasts and processes 200,000 pounds of pistachio nuts was found to be the most economically viable for the available product grown by (TG) and other small growers in this area. This size facility optimizes the production capacity of the equipment needed for a small grower/processor and fully utilizes a fulltime skilled labor pool needed for the operation. Lower production levels utilize the same equipment on an intermittent schedule. Although operating costs are less when processing fewer pistachio nuts, the negative cash flows during the early period of the project are significant and make the lower production levels less financially viable. The primary reason the lower production quantities are less attractive is because the initial capital investment produced lower cash incomes in the early years of operation. Additional cash is needed for the operation costs, and principal and interest payments. Achieving maximum production to utilize the capacity of the facility sooner makes the project more financially feasible.

Les systèmes s’adaptant à leur environnement et en interaction physique avec l’homme se développent de plus en plus dans des domaines comme le médical, l’assistance aux personnes ou le travail en usine. Ils diffèrent des systèmes classiques par leur capacité à s’adapter à l’environnement et à prendre des décisions en tenant compte de leur perception de l’environnement et notamment de l’homme. La défaillance de tels systèmes pouvant avoir des conséquences catastrophiques sur l’homme, l’analyse et la démonstration du niveau de confiance que l’ont peut leur accorder vis-à-vis de la sécurité-innocuité, et a fortiori leur certification, constituent aujourd’hui un vrai défi. La construction d’argumentaire de sécurité (ou dossier de sécurité, ou safety case), est un des moyens permettant de préparer la certification de tels systèmes. Il s’agit principalement de justifier pour chaque danger comment il a été traité et ramené à un niveau acceptable. Malheureusement, dans le cas des systèmes robotiques, de nombreuses incertitudes subsistent, et il n’existe pas à l’heure actuelle de méthode systématique permettant la construction de tels dossiers de sécurité et la démonstration du niveau de confiance sous-jacent. L’objectif des travaux est de contribuer à la définition d’une telle méthode en partant d’une technique d’analyse du risque dédiée à l’analyse des interactions humain-robot, puis en s’appuyant sur des modèles formalisés de construire l’argumentaire de sécurité et d’évaluer automatiquement le niveau de confiance dans cet argumentaire. / Robotic systems that continuously adapt to their environment and physically interact with human are increasingly used in various fields like personal assistance or factory work. They are characterised by their ability to adapt to the environment, to take decision in the light of their perception of the environment and particularly of the human. As the failure of such systems may lead to catastrophic consequences, analysis and justification of the level of confidence in these systems with regards to safety, and furthermore their certification is a real challenge. The construction of a Safety Case is one of the means that can be used to support the certification of such systems. It is aimed at describing and justifying how every hazard has been mitigated and its severity maintained as low as reasonably possible. However, for robotic systems that have to deal with many uncertainties, there is a lack of a systematic approach to support the construction of their Safety Case and the assessment of its underlying confidence. Our research aims at contributing to the development of such a systematic approach starting with a risk analysis focusing on human-robot interactions, followed by Safety Case construction from formalized models and finally an automatic assessment of the confidence in safety argumentation. As a case study, the safety of a rehabilitation robot for strolling is analysed and justified based on the approaches developed in this thesis.

Uncertainty is a major reason of low efficiency in construction projects. Traditional approaches in dealing with uncertainty in projects focus on risk identification, mitigation, and transfer. These risk-based approaches may protect projects from identified risks. However, they cannot ensure the success of projects in environments with deep uncertainty. Hence, there is a need for a paradigm shift from risk-based to resilience-based approaches. A resilience-based approach focuses on enhancing project resilience as a capability to cope with known and unknown uncertainty. The objective of this research is to fill the knowledge gap and create the theory of resilience in the context of complex construction project systems. A simulation approach for theory development was adopted in this research. The simulation framework was developed based on theoretical elements from complex systems and network science. In the simulation framework, complex projects are conceptualized as meta-networks composed of four types of nodes: human agents, information, resources, and tasks. The impacts of uncertainty are translated into perturbations in nodes and links in project meta-networks. Accordingly, project resilience is investigated based on two components: project vulnerability (i.e., the decrease in meta-network efficiency under uncertainty) and adaptive capacity (i.e., the speed and capability to recover from uncertainty). Simulation experiments were conducted using the proposed framework and data collected from three complex commercial construction project cases. Different scenarios related to uncertainty-induced perturbations and planning strategies in the cases were evaluated through the use of Monte Carlo simulation. Three sets of theoretical constructs related to project resilience were identified from the simulation results: (1) Project vulnerability is positively correlated with exposure to uncertainty and project complexity; (2) Project resilience is positively correlated with adaptive capacity, and negatively correlated with vulnerability; (3) Different planning strategies affect project resilience either by changing the level of vulnerability or adaptive capacity. The effectiveness of a planning strategy is different in different projects. Also, there is a diminishing effect in effectiveness when adopting multiple planning strategies. The results highlighted the significance of the proposed framework in providing a better understanding of project resilience and facilitating predictive assessment and proactive management of project performance under uncertainty.

The goal of this work was to create a system of risk assessment in companies engaged in software development. In the aplication part three already finished projects were analysed. The result of the analysis was compiling a register of risks. The register contains a list of 14 causes and 4 key risk factors. At first these risk factors and their causes undergo an expert evaluation by a subjective probability of their occurrence and intensity of their potential impact in the system. Experts' estimation of the impact strength is complemented by a sensitivity analysis. Subsequently, the system evaluates the risks and compiles a list of key risks. System also provides with arrangements that serve to reduce the extent of key risks. In conclusion, the system carries out a quantitative analysis in the form of a probability tree.