Orientador: Leandro Gustavo de Oliveira / Resumo: Introdução: A classificação de Robson tem sido utilizada para avaliação das taxas de cesáreas no mundo. Recomenda-se que cada localidade adapte a classificação original de acordo com suas necessidades. Objetivos: Analisar os casos de cesáreas realizadas na Maternidade do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu utilizando uma classificação baseada nos 10 grupos de Robson, modificada a partir da inclusão de subgrupos e analisar os resultados a partir das recomendações estabelecidas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Métodos: Foi um estudo prospectivo com pacientes admitidas para assistência ao parto, no período de 01 de junho 2018 e 31 de maio de 2019. Uma planilha foi desenhada para a coleta dos dados e a classificação dos grupos foi elaborada a partir da classificação de Robson, modificada pela inclusão de subgrupos com métodos de indução e momento da indicação da cesárea. Resultados: Foram analisados 1823 partos, sendo 810 (44%) cesáreos. Houve 35,6% de primigestas, 19,5% de uma cesárea prévia e 15,4% de prematuros. O grupo 5, com maior número, teve 435 pacientes (23,8%), seguido do grupo 3, 422 (23,1%) e do grupo 1, 316 (17,3%). O grupo 5 teve maior número de cesáreas, 305 (37,6%). O grupo 2 teve 128 (15,8%). As iterativas totalizaram 19%. Indução do trabalho de parto teve 55,0% de sucesso. Entre pacientes com comorbidades, 60,5% tiveram cesárea. Comorbidades obstétricas mais frequentes foram: pré-eclâmpsia (12,7%), diabetes gestacional (8,4%) e restrição... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: Robson classification has been used to assess cesarean section rates worldwide. It is recommended that each location adapts the original classification according to their needs. Objectives: To analyze the cases of cesarean sections performed at the Maternity from the Clinics Hospital from Medical School of Botucatu using a classification based on Robson's 10 groups, modified from the inclusion of subgroups, and to analyze the results from the recommendations established by the World Health Organization. Methods: This was a prospective study with patients admitted for childbirth assistance from June 1, 2018 to May 31, 2019. A spreadsheet was designed for data collection and the classification of groups was elaborated from the classification of Robson, modified by the inclusion of subgroups with methods of induction and the moment of cesarean section indication. Results: 1,823 births were analyzed, 810 (44%) of which were cesarean. There were 35.6% of primiparous women, 19.5% of women with previous cesarean section and 15.4% of premature babies. Group 5, with the largest number, had 435 patients (23.8%), followed by group 3, 422 (23.1%) and group 1, 316 (17.3%). Group 5 had the highest number of cesarean sections, 305 (37.6%). Group 2 had 128 (15.8%). Women with two or more previous cesarean sections totaled 19%. Labor induction was 55.0% successful. Among patients with comorbidities, 60.5% had cesarean sections. Most frequent obstetric comorbidities were: pre-ecl... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

John Robson, one of the most forceful and dynamic personalities of British Columbia's history, was editor and proprietor of the New Westminster British Columbian during the colonial period. This thesis is an attempt to appraise the importance of Robson in the development of the colony primarily from a study of his newspaper writings from 1861 to 1869. Such a study has distinct limitations: it is not possible to delineate accurately Robson's personality solely from what is revealed in his newspaper, and one cannot claim to arrive at specific conclusions without abandoning fundamental principles of historical research. Nevertheless it is hoped that some appreciation of Robson's importance can be gained from a close study of his newspaper over an eight-year period. Because of the veritable mine of information that is revealed in Robson's writings, it has been necessary to limit the topic considerably. No attempt has been made to embrace the multitude of subjects which Robson discussed in his journal. Those selected for consideration are subjects which illustrate to advantage Robson's attitude toward the question of developing the colony's resources and his opinions on matters of economic, social, and political importance. Since this work is concerned only with an appraisal of the editor's attitude to these subjects, and since some of them are but minor threads in the fabric of the region’s history, no attempt has been made to trace the history of each topic. An introductory chapter opens the work. In it the geographical environment is discussed, to indicate the importance of geography in the colony's development. This is followed by brief comments upon the character of the men who were drawn to the region during the colonial period, and leads to a section of approximately twenty pages which outlines the history of the colony from 1855, when gold was first found in the region, to 1861, the year of the founding of Robson's newspaper. In the second chapter an attempt has been made to gather together the known facts of Robson's youth and formative years to serve as an introduction to this important personality. Because of the paucity of available material on his early life, the section of Robson is necessarily brief and incomplete. The second part of this chapter is devoted to a brief discussion of Robson's newspaper, to indicate the medium through which the editor presented his views. Embodied in this section is a sketch of the history of the newspaper from 1861 to 1869. In chapter three Robson's attitude toward the development of the colony's resources is discussed. Seven aspects of this topic are considered: immigration, surveying the colony's resources, agriculture, land policy, lumbering, fishing, and manufacturing (these three being considered together), mining, and roads. Considerable use was" made of quotations from The British Columbian in this chapter and in chapter four: the latter considers the editor's attitude toward eight other questions of public importance during the colonial period. These include Robson's opinions on an export tax on gold, retrenchment in government expenditures, a northern route to the interior, the Indian question, education, union of the colonies, Confederation with Canada, and the location of the capital of the united colony. In conclusion, an attempt is made to appraise Robson's writings and to indicate those qualities of this pioneer editor which are revealed in his newspaper. A bibliographical note, in which emphasis is placed upon The British Columbian as the most important source for the thesis, concludes this study of a pioneer British Columbia editor and his newspaper. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

Syfte: Att undersöka om anatomiska fynd återspeglas i funktionella tester; finns det något samband mellan temporala RNFL och kontrastseende hos friska personer? Material och metoder: Friska personer mellan 18-60 år inkluderades i denna studie. Mätningar gjordes på ögon som hade en refraktion inom ±6,00 DS och detta kontrollerades med en inledande synundersökning. Kontrastseende mättes med Pelli-Robson-testet på 1 m avstånd och testpersonen hade då på sig en provbåge med optimal korrektion samt +0,75 DS extra för att kompensera för testavståndet. Tjockleken på RNFL mättes med en OCT-SLO-mätare med inställningen RNFL. OCTn mäter ett cirkulärt område runt papillen, synnervsutträdet, som är 3,4 mm i diameter. Mätdatan analyserades i GraphPad Prism där statistiska analyser så som t-test och korrelation utfördes. Resultat: 34 personer medverkade i studien och hos samtliga kunde mätningar göras på båda ögonen. Medelåldern på gruppen var 24,3 ± 3,8 år med en spridning mellan 21-43 år. Medelvärdet på kontrastseendet för gruppen var 1,66 ± 0,05 logCS och medelvärdet på temporala RNFL-tjockleken var 76,6 ± 13,3 μm Det fanns inget statistiskt signifikant samband mellan tjockleken på temporala RNFL, och kontrastseende (r=0,05 p=0,68). Diskussion: I tidigare studier har det, i sjukdomsdrabbade ögon, funnits samband mellan tjockleken på RNFL och kontrastseende. Det sambandet går inte att finna i denna studie på friska ögon. När kontrastseendet mättes med Pelli-Robson-tavlan var kontrastkänsligheten nästan lika för samtliga ögon trots att RNFL-tjockleken varierade. Om ett känsligare kontrasttest använts i studien hade man förmodligen sett större variation i resultaten vilket i sin tur eventuellt kunnat visa på ett samband. Slutsats: I denna studie fanns inget statistiskt signifikant samband mellan temporala RNFL-tjockleken och kontrastseende hos friska personer. Därför kan mätningar av temporala RNFL-tjockleken inte förutspå om kontrastseendet, mätt med Pelli-Robson, blir bra eller dåligt. Studien visade också att friska ögon med normal RNFL-tjocklek har ett normalt kontrastseende.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-08-18T18:01:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 silasrobertorochalima.pdf: 2498038 bytes, checksum: 74208f7c42f7d7468b547ce270d4421e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-24T12:02:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silasrobertorochalima.pdf: 2498038 bytes, checksum: 74208f7c42f7d7468b547ce270d4421e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-24T12:02:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silasrobertorochalima.pdf: 2498038 bytes, checksum: 74208f7c42f7d7468b547ce270d4421e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O médium Robson Pinheiro em suas atuais atividades mediúnicas, na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, desenvolve uma visão diferente do espiritismo. Autor de mais de quarenta obras psicografadas, vendeu milhares de exemplares, tornando-se um sucesso editorial no meio espirita. No entanto, sua produção literária mescla realidades espirituais e apresenta uma versão inédita de um universo cosmológico espírita que combina elementos da umbanda, candomblé, pentecostalismo, espiritismo e do misticismo da nova era. O médium vivencia esse universo com as práticas e rituais que realiza nos grupos e instituições por ele fundadas. Nesses espaços, os personagens de suas obras se manifestam, via mediunidade, interagem com o público e praticam um espiritismo que não obedece às convenções do espiritismo brasileiro. Nesse sentido, pelas repercussões de sua atuação, obras e presença, o médium Robson Pinheiro pode ser considerado como uma das mais novas expressões dentro do movimento espírita. Essa posição faz com que Robson Pinheiro seja rejeitado por uma parte do movimento espirita mais tradicional que considera suas obras inadequadas. Todavia, alguns dos seguidores do médium o consideram como um reformador que prática um espiritismo mais próximo ao descrito pela codificação originária do espiritismo europeu. Formulei a seguinte questão: o médium mineiro pratica um pós-espiritismo que diverge e rompe da doutrina espírita tradicional ou é responsável pela elaboração de uma nova corrente dentro do espiritismo brasileiro? Para responder esta questão analisei a biografia, os romances escritos e os ritos praticados nos grupos espíritas. / There is in Minas Gerais, Brazil, a medium that distinguishes himself from the traditional spiritism. More precisely in Belo Horizonte, the medium Robson Pinheiro has been developing a work whose cosmological visions presents itself as a combination of elements of umbanda, candomblé, pentecostalism and new age’s mysticism. From this object the following questions may be formulated: Does the medium practices a post-spiritism that diverges and breaks up from the traditional spiritism’s doctrine or is it responsible for the development of a new current within Brazilian spiritism? Robson Pinheiro is the author of more than forty psychographed works and is a publishing success of the segment. His literary production mixes spiritual realities and presents an unseen version of spiritism. The medium experiences this cosmology in his practices and rituals performed in groups and institutions that he has founded. In these places, the characters of his books possess mediums and interact with the public. A practice of spiritism that does not obey the conventions of Brazilian spiritism. In this sense, because of the repercussions of his performances, works and presence, the medium Robson Pinheiro can be considered as one of the newest expressions within the spiritism movement. This fact originates a rejection by traditional adepts of the segment that consider his works inadequate. On the other hand, some of his followers regard him as a reformer and perceive his practices as the closest to the ones described in the original codification of European spiritism. In order to answer the questions presented, this work aimes to analyze the biography, novels and rites practiced in the groups created by the author.

At a general level, the intent of this thesis is to make a contribution to the increasing body of research on tourism planning as well as collaboration in natural resource management. At a more specific level this thesis looks at the level of tourism collaboration occurring within British Columbia's Land and Resource Management Planning Processes. Because of its great beauty and natural diversity, tourism and outdoor recreation have emerged as two of BC's fastest growing industries (Tourism BC 1996). However, tourism is only one of many competing forms of large scale development that are placing ever-increasing pressure on BC's lands and resources. In response to this pressure and resultant conflicts, the BC government has developed a strategy for shared decision making processes (SDM). A key element of the strategy is to encourage and support public participation in land use planning processes. This is to occur through collaboration and shared decision-making processes that bring together government and stakeholders to negotiate consensus agreements on land and resource management issues. Adherence to the SDM processes should therefore lead to more meaningful and effective participation by tourism (Williams et. al. 1998). This thesis analyzes the degree of collaboration within one of these SDM processes, specifically the Robson Valley Land and Resource Management Planning Process, from a tourism perspective. Based on theory and practical examples of community tourism collaboration, a case study interview questionnaire was designed and administered to nine public and one government participant from the Robson Valley LRMP process. The study of the Robson Valley case highlights linkages between the practical realities of a public land use planning process that is explicitly based upon the concepts of collaboration and the theoretical elements of collaborative planning for tourism. The results of the research indicate that while there are many opportunities for collaboration in an LRMP, institutional and situational obstacles can hinder it. These obstacles, include; imbalances of power at the table, lack of resources and government support for participation, and lack of recognition by powerful and controlling sectors of their interdependencies with other land use interests. They can be significant enough for tourism to be dis-satisfied with the outcomes of the process and to lose trust with the government over its control of the process.

At a general level, the intent of this thesis is to make a contribution to the increasing body of research on tourism planning as well as collaboration in natural resource management. At a more specific level this thesis looks at the level of tourism collaboration occurring within British Columbia's Land and Resource Management Planning Processes. Because of its great beauty and natural diversity, tourism and outdoor recreation have emerged as two of BC's fastest growing industries (Tourism BC 1996). However, tourism is only one of many competing forms of large scale development that are placing ever-increasing pressure on BC's lands and resources. In response to this pressure and resultant conflicts, the BC government has developed a strategy for shared decision making processes (SDM). A key element of the strategy is to encourage and support public participation in land use planning processes. This is to occur through collaboration and shared decision-making processes that bring together government and stakeholders to negotiate consensus agreements on land and resource management issues. Adherence to the SDM processes should therefore lead to more meaningful and effective participation by tourism (Williams et. al. 1998). This thesis analyzes the degree of collaboration within one of these SDM processes, specifically the Robson Valley Land and Resource Management Planning Process, from a tourism perspective. Based on theory and practical examples of community tourism collaboration, a case study interview questionnaire was designed and administered to nine public and one government participant from the Robson Valley LRMP process. The study of the Robson Valley case highlights linkages between the practical realities of a public land use planning process that is explicitly based upon the concepts of collaboration and the theoretical elements of collaborative planning for tourism. The results of the research indicate that while there are many opportunities for collaboration in an LRMP, institutional and situational obstacles can hinder it. These obstacles, include; imbalances of power at the table, lack of resources and government support for participation, and lack of recognition by powerful and controlling sectors of their interdependencies with other land use interests. They can be significant enough for tourism to be dis-satisfied with the outcomes of the process and to lose trust with the government over its control of the process. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

This study investigates the prospects for survival of a small-business, high character area in downtown Vancouver, namely, the 1000 and 1100 blocks of Robson Street. The text includes, first, an extensive literature search into general characteristics of downtown commercial areas and various aspects of commercial rehabilitation. A brief history of the forces which shaped Robson Street follows, then information obtained from merchants through a questionnaire regarding customer attraction, store location and size, sales volume, attitudes toward the area, etc. After this background information, the paper continues with the results of an abstract simulation by computer of the area's future under three different circumstances. The findings of the study seem, essentially, to support the two hypotheses made that 1.) change in the area is causing imbalance and 2.) the area will not, without outside intervention, be able to survive, prosper, and maintain its unique character. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

Orientador: Iracema de Mattos Paranhos Calderon / Resumo: Introdução – as taxas de cesárea cresceram globalmente nas últimas décadas, sendo o Brasil responsável por uma das maiores taxas em todo o mundo. Em 1985, a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) considerou que não havia justificativa para que as taxas de cesáreas ultrapassassem 15%, com base nos índices de nações com baixa mortalidade materna e perinatal, e esses valores tem sido referência para instituições de todos os países pelos últimos 30 anos. Em 2015 OMS propôs que a Classificação de Robson fosse usada como instrumento padrão em todo o mundo para avaliar, monitorar e comparar taxas de cesáreas ao longo do tempo em um mesmo hospital e entre diferentes hospitais de uma mesma região ou país. A classificação de Robson foi proposta em 2001 como uma ferramenta de monitoramento e auditoria das taxas de cesáreas. O protocolo baseia-se em características da mulher, da gestação e do parto − paridade, via de parto anterior (vaginal ou cesárea), tipo de gestação (única ou múltipla), de trabalho de parto (TP) (espontâneo ou induzido) e idade gestacional, totalmente inclusivas e mutuamente exclusivas, definindo os 10 grupos. Objetivo – avaliar, em dois hospitais de referência para a atenção obstétrica da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Distrito Federal (SES-DF), Brasília/Brasil, os índices e os grupos de maior risco para cesárea, utilizando a classificação de Robson e considerando o alto e baixo risco obstétrico, as indicações e a idade materna nos extremos da vida reprodutiva. A part... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

Excerpt: Lucia St. Clair Robson began publishing historical novels in 1982 with Ride the Wind, which draws on the history of the Comanches, and has continued to work in the field of historical fiction. Four of her novels focus closely on historical personages: Ride the Wind (Cynthia Ann Parker and Quanah Parker); Light a Distant Fire (Osceola of the Seminoles); Walk in My Soul (Tiana Rogers of the Cherokee and Sam Houston); and Ghost Warrior(Lozen of the Chiricahua Apache).

This thesis addresses the question of how a dialogue may be developed between the socio-political notion of pluralism and a pluralistic public sphere, and the design of public space and public architecture. More particularly, it considers how architecture may both accommodate multiple publics while simultaneously framing connection or association between them. Following an exploration of this question at an abstract, theoretical level, the thesis moves to a more specific architectural investigation. This investigation takes the form of a design project situated within the Robson Square complex in downtown Vancouver. The complex, constructed in the mid-1970's, was designed by Canada's pre-eminent architect Arthur Erickson and is the major civic space in the city. The thesis design project undertakes a theoretical re-evaluation and physical renovation of this Utopian mega-structure, with the intention of shifting the existing homogeneity and institutionality of the complex to align it with the thesis argument. Through the vehicle of a design project,, the abstract theoretical argument is translated and focused through the particularities of an architecture embedded in its site. This methodology requires the project to address issues connected to the existing masterwork, including: the question of how to conceptualize monumentally in a grid city; the relationship between the 'sacred' space of the civic circumstance and the 'profane' space of the street and commercial program; the form of the institution within the city; and the issue of working within, and manipulating, a pre-existing architectural language. Further, the scale of the site is reflected in the scope of the design project. The project moves from the development of urban design strategies to the detailed consideration of the material and construction of the different interventions. The architecture remains, however, conceptual and is a demonstration of how the developed strategies may generate form and guide program. The project does not attempt to fully develop a building in detail. The thesis concludes with an afterword on the success of the project as a demonstration of the thesis argument. At the same time, the limits of architecture to act as a socio-political device are acknowledged. Further, speculations are made as to the way in which the position and the strategies developed within the thesis might inform wider discussions on architecture and the urbanism of grid cities such as Vancouver. The key concept forming the basis of these speculations is the idea of a 'difficult' co-existence of parts and a whole, reflecting the pluralistic ideal of association within fragmentation.