<p>In this paper I discuss the theory of altered states of consciousness. Some of the rock art of the san-people in southern Africa and the lakota people in South Dakota, USA have been inspired by experiences during trance. The question is if some of the rock art in southern Scandinavia also have been inspired by trance experiences, and if archaeological scientists by investigating this theoretical view might find a better understanding as far as the Bronze Age in Southern Scandinavia is concerned.</p>

In this paper I discuss the theory of altered states of consciousness. Some of the rock art of the san-people in southern Africa and the lakota people in South Dakota, USA have been inspired by experiences during trance. The question is if some of the rock art in southern Scandinavia also have been inspired by trance experiences, and if archaeological scientists by investigating this theoretical view might find a better understanding as far as the Bronze Age in Southern Scandinavia is concerned.

The Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) is interested in understanding the human and environmental consequences of past Glen Canyon Dam water release policies and using these data to inform future water release and land management policies. One step in this direction is to understand how American Indian people have used the Colorado River and adjoining lands in Glen Canyon and Grand Canyon. The BOR, through its Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) office, has provided funds for various American Indian groups to identify places and things of cultural significance in the 300 mile long river and canyon ecosystem that has come to be called the Colorado River Corridor. This study is the second to report on the cultural resources of the Southern Paiute people found in this riverine ecosystem. The rock art study funded by the BOR and managed by the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) office is the basis of this report. This study is unique in the history of rock art studies and is unusual when compared with other American Indian cultural resource assessments. There are five unique features of this study. First, all funds for conducting the research were contracted to the Southern Paiute Consortium. Second, the Southern Paiute people decided during the previous studies that their next study would be about rock art. Third, the GCES /BOR permitted research to be conducted in terms of Paiute perceptions of the study area rather than specifically in terms of the scientifically established study area for the project. Thus, it was possible to conduct the Kanab Creek side canyon study. Fourth, all interviews were guided by a ten -page survey instrument, so Southern Paiute responses could be systematically compared. Fifth, both all-male and all- female research trips were conducted, thus producing the first gender - specific interviews of rock art sites. The resulting study is both interdisciplinary and multivocal.

A la différence des arts rupestres du Sahara ou d’Afrique australe, richement documentés, ceux d’Afrique centrale restent encore aujourd’hui largement méconnus. Cette région se différencie des précédentes par la prégnance d’un art peint et gravé non figuratif. Dans la plupart des cas, leur signification reste obscure. A l’échelle de la sous-région, la République démocratique du Congo est pourtant connue depuis longtemps pour ses sites rupestres.Ma recherche porte sur le Bas-Congo, la région la plus à l’ouest de l’actuelle République démocratique du Congo. / No English summary available.

Esta pesquisa se propôs estudar os sítios arqueológicos com registros rupestres do Estado de São Paulo em dois aspectos: refletir sobre a razão da escassa bibliografia, documentação e registro deste tipo de sítio e analisar a razão da inexistência de áreas abertas à visitação para a sociedade. Busca-se dois objetivos principais: catalogar de forma sistemática os sítios rupestres do Estado, gerando dados consistentes para futuras pesquisas e interpretações da arte rupestre paulista, assim como propor um modelo de musealização baseado nos conceitos da Sociomuseologia. Nestes modelos, o processo museológico extrapola o edifício museu, e se apropria da perspectiva territorial, estabelecendo laços mais estreitos com a comunidade, priorizando a participação social e valorizando as diferentes dimensões da herança cultural. Para alcançar o primeiro objetivo foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico dos sítios já estudados e os dados foram organizados em Fichas Cadastrais que contemplam informações sobre o sítio, os registros, a localização, o contexto no qual está inserido, além de dados para a formulação de propostas de musealização. O levantamento foi complementado com etapas de campo para atualização e produção de documentação fotográfica. Desenvolver uma proposta de musealização associada ao levantamento e catalogação dos Sítios Rupestres do Estado de São Paulo proporciona um passo em direção à democratização desse conhecimento e, por conseguinte, a sua preservação. / This research is aimed at investigating the archaeological sites with rock-art records from the State of São Paulo in two aspects: reflect on the reason for the scarce bibliography, documentation and recording of this type of site and analyze the reason for the lack of areas open to visitation for society. We search two main objectives: catalog in a systematic way the rock-art sites in the State, generating consistent data for future research and interpretations of rock art in São Paulo, as well as propose a musealization model based on the concepts of Sociomuseology. In these models, the museological process goes beyond the museum building, and appropriates the territorial perspective, establishing closer links with the community, prioritizing social participation and valuing the different dimensions of cultural heritage. To achieve the first objective was accomplished a bibliographic survey of sites already studied and the data were organized in Registry Form that include information about the site, the records, the location, the context in which it is inserted, and data for formulation proposals for museatization. The survey was complemented by the field data and photo documentation. To develop a proposal for musealization associated with surveying and cataloging of Rock Art Sites in the State of São Paulo provides a step toward the democratization of knowledge and therefore its preservation.

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-06-08T17:28:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-dissertacao-LucianoSilva.pdf.pdf: 9281436 bytes, checksum: 7f28f0e0e0b87402f642aa665ea4a9c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-08T17:28:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-dissertacao-LucianoSilva.pdf.pdf: 9281436 bytes, checksum: 7f28f0e0e0b87402f642aa665ea4a9c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-29 / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar, estabelecer relações e verificar os padrões de apresentação nas cenas de violência humana das pinturas rupestres da área arqueológica do Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara –PI. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir das revisões bibliográficas, levantamento de campo, preenchimento de protocolos e análises imagéticas das cenas de violência. Buscando realizar comparações. Foram selecionadas cenas com recorrências nas formas de apresentação, tratando cada uma como unidade micro analítica, seguindo parâmetros temáticos, técnicos e cenográficos de análises. A correlação das análises dos dados descritivos das cenas, junto com o contexto arqueológico de cada sítio permitiu caracterizar as particularidade e fazer inferência aos padrões de apresentação das cenas de violência humana da Área Arqueológica da Serra da Capivara. / Thepresentsstudy aimedtocharacterize,establish relationshipsand to verifythe patternsof presentation inviolent scenesofhumancave paintingsto the archaeological areaof the National ParkSerra daCapivara-PI. The survey wasdeveloped from theliterature review,field survey, completion of protocols andanalyzesimageryfromscenesof violence. Seekingto adoptmeasures of comparisonwere selectedscenes withrecurrences in theforms of presentation, treating each asmicroanalyticalunit, following technical parameters, scenicandthematicanalysis. The correlationanalysisof datadescribing thescenesalong with thelocationand archaeologicalcontextof each siteallowed characterizing theparticularity andtheinferencepatterns ofpresentation ofscenes ofhuman violenceArchaeological AreaofSerra daCapivara –PI.

Esta pesquisa constrói o argumento de que a indústria lítica de Abrigos Vermelhos não corresponde à falta de padronização técnica ou a degeneração das habilidades dos artesãos ocorridas a partir de repertórios tecnológicos líticos do início do Holoceno. Em interface com a Arqueologia de Lugar, a noção de contexto é utilizada para substituir esta argumentação, pela noção de intencionalidade de produção deste conjunto artefatual em meio à relação estabelecida com outros vestígios arqueológicos no sítio, preferivelmente à noção de informalidade, de oportunismo e de irregularidade dos procedimentos técnicos atribuídos habitualmente à produção lítica do período de transição entre horizontes caçadores-coletores e ceramistas. / This research builds the argument that the lithic industry from Abrigos Vermelhos does not correspond with a lack of technical standardization or with the degeneration of the ability of the craftsmen that occurred since the lithic technological repertories of the beginning of the Holocene. Interfacing with the Archaeology of Place, the idea of context is used to replace this reasoning with the idea of intentionality of production of this set of artifacts amidst the stablished relation with other archaeological remains on the site, preferably to the notion of informality, opportunism and unevenness of the technical procedures usually assigned to the lithic production of the transition period between the hunter-gatherer and potter horizons.

Ao longo de aproximados quarenta anos de pesquisas arqueológicas no Centro e Norte de Minas Gerais, nos quais os grafismos rupestres foram contemplados, criou-se um cenário de um quase contínuo de áreas pesquisadas. Nestas as pesquisas dos vestígios gráficos parietais foram organizados em conjuntos, utilizando-se das grandes unidades classificatórias usuais na Arqueologia, dialogando com os conceitos de estilo e tradição. Esta pesquisa comparou os conjuntos gráficos de algumas regiões do centro e norte de Minas Gerais a partir de análises tipológicas e de associação temática a fim de se discutir as atribuições dos conjuntos em categorias classificatórias amplas e o delineamento de possíveis territórios. Para tanto se utilizou de conjuntos de dados primários e secundários, os últimos disponíveis das dissertações, teses, artigos e acervos do Museu de História Natural da UFMG e de diálogos entre o conceito de estilo, e próprios da reflexão metodológica, buscando uma aproximação entre a produção bibliográfica arqueológica e antropológica. / In a forty years period of archeological researches in the Center and in the North of Minas Gerais, in which rock art was contemplated, a scenario of an almost uninterrupted researched areas was created. In these areas, the parietal graphics traces were organized in sets, using the great classificatory unities, usual in archaeology, communicating with the notions of style and tradition. This research compared the graphical sets of some regions of the north and center of Minas Gerais, making use of typological analyses and thematic associations, aiming to discuss the filiations of the sets in wide classificatory categories and the design of some possible territories. In order to achieve it, sets of primary and secondary data were utilized, the ones that are available in the dissertations, thesis, articles and collections of Museu de História Natural da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais and in dialogs between concept and style, and others associated to the methodological reflection, sighting an approach between the anthropological and archaeological bibliographic production.

L'art rupestre du Salvador constitue un héritage original ancré dans toutes les régions du pays. La production rupestre a été soutenue durant l'époque Préhispanique comme l'illustre les 70 sites mis en évidence par la recherche bibliographique et les projets de terrain. Si l'art rupestre salvadorien a été l'objet de publications scientifiques dès la fin du XIXe siècle, il n'avait jusqu'à aujourd'hui jamais donné lieu à une étude synthétique. Un investissement important dans les recherches sur le terrain nous a permis d'enregistrer près de la moitié des gisements étudiés. Des sondages stratigraphiques ont été réalisés sur 11 sites rupestres au Salvador, dans le but de mieux contrôler le cadre chronologique et culturel, mais aussi par-delà ses frontières au Honduras. Les relevés des sites visités ont permis d'élaborer une classification typologique des manifestations rupestres. Sur la base des informations recueillies, une base de données a été créée et introduite dans un Système d'Informations Géographiques. Grâce à cet outil, l'analyse spatiale révèle des traditions rupestres ; des ensembles de gisements aux caractéristiques iconographiques et morphologiques communes, dont l'extension géographique compose des territoires cloisonnés. En reprenant l'information archéologique et les études des groupes linguistiques, nous nous sommes efforcés de rétablir les traditions rupestres dans leur contexte chrono-culturel. Elles s'intègrent dans !'Histoire du Salvador et nous apportent des informations nouvelles sur les frontières culturelles à l'époque Préhispanique dans une zone d'interactions entre Mésoamérique et Aire Intermédiaire. / The rock art of El Salvador is an original legacy rooted in all regions of the country. Rock production was supported during the pre-Hispanic era as shown in 70 sites highlighted by bibliographical research and field projects. If the Salvadorian rock art has been the subject of scientific publications at the end of the 19e century, be bad until now never given rise to synthetic study. A significant investment in research in the field enabled us to save half of the studied deposits. Stratigraphic surveys made on 11 rock art sites in El Salvador, in order to better control the framework chronological and cultural, but also beyond its borders to the Honduras. Records of visited sites helped develop a typological classification of the rock art manifestations. On the basis of the information gathered, a database was created and introduced into a system of geographic information. Thanks to this tool, the spatial analysis reveals rock art traditions -deposits with common iconographic and morphological features, whose geographical spread constitute partitioned territories. Using the archaeological information and studies of the linguistic groups, we have tried to restore the rock art traditions in their chrono-cultural context. They fit into the history of El Salvador and bring us new information about pre-Hispanic cultural borders in an area of interactions between Mesoamerica and middle area.

(in English): The main aim of this diplom thesis is introduce rock art from northern Scandinavia. Northern Tradition of rock art is connected to prehistoric hunther, gatherer and fishermen. Thesis presents three localities Alta, Vingen and Nämforsen. Author created summary of the most important motifs. Next aim was landscapes and environment of localities with rock art. One of the main focus is documentatin, dating and protection of rock art.