The purpose of this study was to explore how Black men and women negotiate ideas about masculine performances within the context of romantic relationships. The New York Times Bestselling book Act Like A Lady, Think Like A Man, which communicates a particularly patriarchal understanding of masculinity, was used as a point of reference. Six focus groups were conducted with 28 Black males and females between the ages of 19-60. Three general conclusions about masculine performances within Black male/female relationships were drawn from the findings.

Two factorsrole duality and school sizeimpact teaching principals abilities to fulfill their roles and responsibilities. Principals with significant teaching loads experience role duality a situation in which one person fills two distinct roles. Teaching principals experience role tension and conflicts between professional teaching concerns, leadership demands and management issues. Further tensions are created when policymakers demands fail to recognize complexities around the roles of a teaching principal working in a unique context (Dunning, 1993; Wilson & McPake, 2000). Specifically, though the tensions of role duality are known to be more challenging in small schools, exceptionally small schools are a different context altogether. My autoethnographic study examined the complexity of my teaching principals role in an exceptionally small rural school. It was guided by a central question: How does the context of an exceptionally small, rural school impact upon a teaching principal's role(s)? Sub questions included: (a) How do stakeholder expectations (school staff, community, division, Ministry) impact a teaching principals roles and responsibilities in an exceptionally small rural school? and (b) What challenges and opportunities does a teaching principal face in an exceptionally small rural school? Documentation from two daily personal journals and my what I do log during the 2009 2010 school year provided research data. My analysis focused on three themes: fractured roles, capacity to meet expectations and establishing relationships. This study added to current research rich narratives describing the impact of an exceptionally small school on a teaching principals role.

Purpose: This study aims to explore how women’s roles at work and home interact with each other and focuses specifically on role conflicts which may arise.   Research questions: Primary question: When and why do role conflicts occur in women’s lives? Secondary questions: (1) What is a role? (2) How do roles affect women’s lives? (3) How do women cope/deal with role conflict?   Methodology: Qualitative research and interpretive approach   Findings: Theoretical and empirical findings state that role conflicts occur when traditional values, lack of time and unbalanced involvement interfere with how women fulfil their different roles. Moreover, this study analyses the ways that women might have to deal with such conflict by comparing

Media is a big part of people’s everyday lives. It influences both how we see ourselves and the world to some extent. There are many different types of media, for example: television shows, movies, the radio, news papers, advertisements which are placed in random places and the internet. In these different forms of media, there are images of men and women, which are represented in different ways and with different characteristics. Research has been made on a lot of movies and television shows and this thesis will be adding to this vast amount of research by analyzing gender representation in the movies Sex and the City 1 and 2. By using discourse analysis, the results show different types of gender representation and whether the characters in Sex and the City challenge the patriarchal privilege. Assuming social constructivism, we believe that these images of gender representation in movies affect our perception of what a man or a woman is. Our results suggest that the characters do still follow the patriarchal privilege but some characters do on occasion challenge them. However the outcome is rarely successful.

Introduction: The Roles of women in family businesses and the challenges and opportuni- ties they face in relations to these roles in the family businesses will be explored in this re- search. Although women are accepted very important players, yet the roles of women are not frequently well-defined. The thesis will explore roles of women who play an important role in family firms and challenges and opportunities they have within the Family Business- es in Pakistan and Bangladesh. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explore what roles women in family business in Bangladesh and Pakistan have, and challenges and the opportunities they face in relation to these roles. Method: A qualitative approach was used to accomplish the purpose of this thesis. E-mail interview questionnaires from the participants were filled to gather information regarding the roles they play in the family business and the challenges and opportunities they have in the family business. Conclusion: Gender and the succession issue have a central role to play in the women par- ticipation in the family business. These factors along with invisibility issue are viewed as main challenges faced by women in the family businesses. Some of the results lead us to conclude that women situation in both countries is not so bad rather they have good posi- tions in the family businesses. So it was not in conformity with the literature written on women invisibility.

This study examines the representation of women and men through the quantitative analysisof quotations in three Swedish newspapers - Dagens nyheter, Aftonbladet and Barometern.The roles in which they appear have also been recorded, for example; managerial, political orparental. In addition to the main study, this report analyzes how often women and men appearin the respective photos of the articles examined. In total, 36 newspapers were included in thisstudy (12 of each paper) which resulted in a data set of 1453 articles and 1296 photos.The main aim of this study was to measure the degree of equality and in what differing roleswomen and men appear when being interviewed. Secondly, this study aims to highlight anydifference between women and men appearing in text and photo. The results were comparedacross the three newspapers examined with established theories on gender and feminism,equality, social construction, representation and media power being applied to understand andanalyse these results.The study shows patterns of an unequal distribution between the representation of women andmen in the three Swedish newspapers examined. In the articles where the individuals could beidentified by gender, approximately 65 percent of the persons interviewed were male and 32percent female (the remainder were not identified). Men were more likely to be quoted inexpert or managerial roles where as it was more common for woman to appear under thefamily and consumer headings. However, it was more common for women to appear in photothan in text, with 60 percent of the photos examined containing men and 40 percent women.

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Since 1995, the Transparency International (known as TI in brief) has assembled and set up the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) based on the findings of investigation into a variety of corrupt practices and promulgated the CPI simultaneously to the entire world every year. Today, CPI has been extensively adopted throughout the world as the index of social economy to deal with corruption. The International Institute for Management Development of Switzerland (known as IMD in brief), on the other hand, promulgates the national competitive edge assessment report every year. The assessment report has aroused critical concern from all key people concerned, both in and out of the government and has been taken as the guidepost for government performance. The disclosure of the aforementioned figures apparently suggests that the overall government performance signifies the spirit, construct, lifestyle, integrity and the performance of duty in combination. The ¡§Proposal to Enhance Decent Moral¡¨, if put into effect thoroughly, must upgrade and spruce up the government image in integrity and function as a catalyst to guide the entire society up to further enhancement. As a result, countries throughout the world have faithfully enforced the anti-corruption. The present study conducts analysis over such systems well performed in Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan and such countries take a comparison with the anti-corrupt organization in Taiwan and anti-corrupt laws and regulations concerned to find out the differences. I, the researcher of the present case, have served with the jurisdictional authority. In my capacity and my expertise in such backgrounds, I will probe into the roles and duties played and performed by the anti-corrupt functionaries through my in-house capacity. It is hoped that in the project of jurisdictional reform, we will be able to enhance the public confidence in the jurisdictional discipline and jurisdictional reliance. The findings so yielded from the study will function as handy reference to the anti-corrupt authorities and functionaries as well as the judicial reform. Among the six major national governance indices latest promulgated by the World Bank, the Republic of China on Taiwan was rated in significant improvement in democracy and freedom of speech. On the other hand, nevertheless, the government efficiency shows a phenomenon of standstill. Meanwhile, Taiwan shows backwardness in the aspects of rule of law, anti-corruption and political stability (Cf. China Times 2005). The findings yielded through the present study may be generalized into the following highlights:¡]I¡^ Taiwan government shows inadequate effort to publicize the ¡§anti-corruption and government official integrity¡¨¡]II¡^ The top barriers against the government efforts in anti-corruption are apparently ¡§insufficient resolve and boldness in the government. ¡]III¡^. The public lack in the trust on the judicial officers. ¡]IV¡^ Enhancement in education in promoting the judicial reform to eradicate bribery, lobbying and unsound social culture should be stepped up.¡]V¡^. The public definitely desires to set up the exclusive anti-corruption authorities as the short-term measures to bring up immediate results. In-short, in the efforts of ¡§government reform¡¨, integrity and efficiency represent the very fundamental demands in the eyes of public. Chang Chu-cheng, a renowned premier in the Ming Dynasty, once said: ¡§The trouble of a nation does not necessarily result from legislation. It results from inadequate enforcement of laws¡¨. The present study, therefore, yields the concrete proposal that the government should set up ¡§Integrity Agency¡¨ as the exclusive anti-corruption authority which is indispensable to eradicate corruption and boost national competitive edge. Key words: Department of government ethics, government ethics official , roles, performance in enforcement, corruption.

This paper conducts a research on the movies chosen from the genre of ¡§Taiwanese New Cinema,¡¨ including ¡§Ah Fei,¡¨ ¡§Osmanthus Alley,¡¨ ¡§Kuei-mei, a Woman,¡¨ ¡§Somewhere My Love,¡¨ ¡§The Woman of Wrath,¡¨ and ¡§Rouge of the North.¡¨ The results of this research are drawn from the data of the in-depth interviews. The audience, such as script writers and directors, and advocates of women¡¦s movement with high educational background and socio-economic status, are interviewed, and these contents are analyzed. Due to various identities of the interviewees, who are both encoders and decoders, the existent theoretical framework is inadequate to explain the phenomena under research. However, according to Hall¡¦s Encoding/Decoding Theory, another way of interpretation, i.e., the ¡§Suggestive Interpretation,¡¨ has been added. It suggests that the script writers and directors should not be confined to the original framework and that they should take the initiative to provide their own opinions. All the possibilities of decoding can thus be included in a more comprehensive way. The ¡§Tilt Theory¡¨ in the study of marriage relationship assumes that only when the relationship has ups and downs like a tilt, can it last long. The conclusion suggests that modern women in Taiwan should be confident, continuously strive to achieve their goal, not let themselves down and do whatever they want to do, so as to become the master of their own life.

ABSTRACT THE CHANGING PERCEPTIONS OF GENDER ROLES AMONG TWO COHORTS OF WOMEN: A STUDY IN ANKARA Deniz CoSan Eke M.S., Department of Sociology Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayse-G&uuml / nd&uuml / z Hosg&ouml / r December 2006, 147 pages The purpose of the thesis is to try to examine whether there is change in the perception of gender roles between two cohorts. The focus point of this study is what the difference between old women and young women is / how these women define their gender roles in the public and private spheres and how they describe their relations with their husbands and their children. The main argument in this thesis is that altering the perception of gender roles might be a way to create different policies regarding the problem of gender inequality. To achieve this aim, first gender roles are presented in different sociological approaches. Then, the term socialization is examined in different approaches to analyze how gender roles occur at micro-level of social relations. Finally, the term patriarchy is discussed to interpret macro level definitions of gender roles within private and public spheres. In this study, the general tendency of the perception of gender roles is formulated in the discussion of these concepts. The perception of gender roles of two cohorts women were conceptualized within the context of gender, marriage, work life and violence against women. In general, the analyses of perceptions among two cohorts&amp / #8217 / women showed that younger women have more egalitarian perception on gender roles. One of the most important results of this study is that education was emphasized as the key variable in achieving gender equality. Consequently, if studies had paid sufficient attention to the perceptions of gender roles, the issues of gender inequality or equality in policies and programs could have been discussed more profoundly and gender consciousness and awareness could have been promoted. The stereotypical perceptions of gender roles, that have been developed and standardized over a long time, have been the major obstacles in the formation of a gender-equal society.