This paper deals with rights of women and their social role during the Viking Age. The method is to compare things and written material. In the written material, three cases of rape have been identified. How each of these cases where looked upon differs; legally the punishment for rape was exile. Violence against wives implied their right to divorce, whereby they were entitled to take with them a great part of the family´s capital, namely their dowry and morning gift. A husband and wife did not inherit each other but a widow could inherit from her children if they died without offspring. Women buried in boat graves indicate that they had a function or were closely involved in the cult. From two graves, the Aska Grave and the Oseberg Grave, the findings can be interpreted as indicating a change in the social behaviour. I propose this was a way of breaking with the past and sabotaging the right to remember earlier cultural habits.

This study attempts to identify how public relations practitioner roles and organizational decision-making style impact the relationship that is shared between the practitioner and the organization they represent. Based on Internet survey research methods, research findings indicated that organizational decision-making style was a minimal factor in influencing the relationship shared between the practitioner and the organization they represent. Practitioner role did, however, have a significant influence on the levels of trust, commitment, satisfaction and control mutuality between the practitioner and the organization they represent. Low response rates prevents confident generalization of the results of this study to the entire Public Relations Society of America population. Findings support the relational theory of public relations.

The purpose of this qualitive content analysis is to examine and analyse how children are visualized in toy catalogs, depending on their gender, 2014 - 2015.   It is important to observe how advertisement maintains the gender stereotypes norms of our society, since it has a major impact on our self-image and identity. Especially when it comes to children, who absorb everything and also because it is during the childhood the socialization process begins.   It is common that toy stores and toy catalogs distinguish boy toys from girl toys, based on the toy’s colour, form and function. This phenomena has become a topic of public discussion in recent years. Therefore, the two large toy companies, BR-leksaker and Toys “R” Us, claim to have published gender neutral toy catalogs by changing the gender roles and letting boys and girls play together with the same toys.   In order to gain more knowledge of toys impact on gender roles, we studied previous research by scientist in the field of gender, e.g. Almqvist, Butler and Connell. By using a qualitative method with a semiotic perspective, we found recurrent underlying aspects in the advertisements, by the selection of twelve pictures. The studies result implies that the studied toy catalogs are not yet equal, although a certain level of progress can be ascertained. Not even the three most equal advertisements visualized girls and boys equally, because of details such as stereotypical hairstyles, accessories and clothing. Furthermore, the study shows that girls are portrayed with boy toys than vice versa, which implies that boys are to a greater extent regarded as abnormal.

The purpose of this study was to explore how Black men and women negotiate ideas about masculine performances within the context of romantic relationships. The New York Times Bestselling book Act Like A Lady, Think Like A Man, which communicates a particularly patriarchal understanding of masculinity, was used as a point of reference. Six focus groups were conducted with 28 Black males and females between the ages of 19-60. Three general conclusions about masculine performances within Black male/female relationships were drawn from the findings.

Many young men struggle with mental health issues including depression, anxiety, substance abuse and suicide. Further research has shown that many men have an aversion to help seeking, placing them at greater risk for unresolved mental health issues. In the past thirty years, the Gender Role Conflict framework and related research has emphasized the impact of societal gender roles on men’s psychological problems. Higher education counselors who are familiar with Gender Role Conflict theory and related research will have a potentially useful skill set in counseling male students. This document overviews the Gender Role Conflict paradigm and highlights the most relevant literature for college counselors. Further, practical ideas are offered to help guide counselors in their work with college males, and suggestions for future research are also provided. / text

As a result of the reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 2004), Response to Intervention (RTI) became a legal and acceptable basis for determining special education eligibility. While there may be evidence that RTI has had positive effects on the prereferral process for special education in some schools, there still remains controversy in the field of school psychology about many aspects of RTI, in particular the use of RTI in the identification process for children with learning disabilities. The purpose of current questionnaire study was (a) to determine school psychologists' preferences on the use of RTI in both the prereferral and the identification process of students with learning disabilities, (b) to investigate the implementation process in school systems from school psychologists' perspectives, and (c) to examine the role of the school psychologist in RTI implementation efforts and RTI activities.Data were collected from 41 members of the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP). Each participant completed a survey, which related to the above purposes, and responded to items using a 5-point Likert scale. Results indicated that sampled school psychologists generally responded favorably to RTI as a prereferral method, but varied on their level of agreement on using RTI for diagnostic purposes. Most respondents agreed that RTI should not be the sole criteria for determining a learning disability and that a comprehensive evaluation should take place including standardized cognitive and academic testing. Identified benefits to implementing RTI were: interventions for struggling students occur earlier, improved instruction for all students, greater collaboration between general and special education, and improved method of identifying at risk groups/individuals. Identified challenges to implementing RTI were: need for professional development, lack of teacher preparation, lack of support staff to implement interventions, and intervention fidelity. A majority of respondents agreed that the school psychologist's role should include various RTI activities and in particular RTI activities related to data interpretation, consultation, supervising, and training.

Dijana Jermakovičienė. Comparative analysis of peculiarity remits of boys and girls at the age of 5-7 year. Sciential leader – O.Monkevičienė. Vilnius Pedagogical University. Department of preschool psychology. 2005. Sex education is very important part of the common upbringing. It ensures universal welfare of human life. This upbringing process becomes more topical, because of the popular past-west culture. It stimulates to look for the sex upbringing programs which are oriented to national upbringing traditions also humanistic worth. With reference analysis of theoretical resources, topics of the gender role and sexual self-conception, sexual upbringing peculiarities were revealed. Society is changing, traditional roles of man and woman looses faith. Children have to readjust to new conditions. Undoubtedly, it is important to research remit peculiarities of boys and girls in today’s fast-changing society. Also we should reach for the better education quality and stimulate perfection in this range. The research of peculiarity remits of boys and girls at the age of 5-7 year displayed that children have their attitude to gender roles. Despite the influence of modern society, there are traditional role repartition. While processing Lithuanians integration to cultural – civilization space, girls modern trend is very noticeable.

The present study is a corpus-based study which examines social roles constructed in the British nineteenth-century courtroom. To discover the prevalent social roles in British nineteenth-century society the present study focuses on premodifying adjectives characterizing men and women. The method of classification is through semantic domains. The study shows that the social roles of men and women are more similar than the findings of previous research have demonstrated.

SUMMARY Management of Public Health ASSESSMENT OF MANAGERIAL HUMAN SKILLS OF MANAGERS IN HEALTH CARE INSTITUTION Renata Rančytė Supervisor Danutė Dučinskienė, Department of Social Medicine. Faculty of Public Health, Kaunas University of Medicine. - Kaunas, 2005.-P.62 Management emphasizes managerial human skills as essential leadership skills. Aim of study. To assess human skills of the managers in health care institutions. Objectives. · Assess human skills of health care managers in institution and importance of it. · Compare managerial human skills among different types of managers Methods. 35 questions anonymous questionnaire have been used. All managers in organization have been surveyed. Statistic data analysis has been made, using SPSS 10 program. Results. Almost half of health care managers (43,5 proc.) indicated that main leading skills are human skills. Majority of managers (65,5 proc.) point that they are talking with employees about enjoyments. Managers are think that they are polite (91,8 proc.), and pleasant (75,5 proc.). Most of the managers (85,0 proc.) explain that they know every employee in their department. Strategist (59,2 proc.), leader (61,2 proc.), disturbance handler (57,8 proc.) roles are main for the managers. Majority of nurses - nurse administrators (88,6 proc.) reacted to every complaint it was very rare among clinic managers (50,0 proc.). The role of the strategist mostly picked up clinic managers (79,8 proc.), leader role picked up... [to full text]

Magistro darbe yra iškeltas tikslas išsiaiškinti mokytojų vaidmenis organizuojant darbą heterogeninėse klasėse. Buvo išanalizuoti ir susisteminti įvairūs Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių vadybinės, pedagoginės, psichologinės srities darbai. Atlikta Lietuvos Respublikos teisinių dokumentų, reglamentuojančių švietimo ir specialiojo ugdymo organizavimą, analizė. Darbo tikslui ir uždaviniams pilnai atskleisti buvo naudojamas anketinės apklausos metodas. Tyrimo duomenys patvirtino literatūros apžvalgoje minimus mokytojo vaidmenis, atskleidė dominuojančius pedagogų, dirbančių heterogeninėse klasėse, vaidmenis, jų realizavimo dažnumą. Taip pat tyrimo duomenys atskleidė rečiausiai arba ne taip intensyviai atliekamus mokytojo vaidmenis, į kuriuos derėtų atkreipti dėmesį, įdėti daugiau pastangų jiems atlikti. / The aim of this master‘s final paper is to clear up the roles of teachers organizing the work in heterogeneous classes. Different works of Lithuanian and foreign author‘s management, pedagogics, psychology spheres were analised and structured. The analysis of the Republic of Lithuania documents, regulating education and special education, was done. The method of questionnaire was used to reveal the aim and the objectives of the work fully. The resuls of the research confirmed the teacher‘s roles mentioned in literary review, relealed the dominant teacher‘s working heterogeneous classes roles, and the frequency of these roles. The results of the research also shuowed rarely or not so intensively performed teacher‘s roles, which one shuold pay more attention at, and make more effors to perform them.