El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar los roles de género y estilos de liderazgo asignados a personas en altos puestos directivos por parte de un grupo de estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima. La muestra está conformada por 122 estudiantes, quienes describieron a una persona directora ejecutiva, un hombre director ejecutivo o una mujer directora ejecutiva, dependiendo del grupo de trabajo al que fueron asignados. Con el fin de lograr los objetivos planteados se utilizó la Escala de Estereotipos de Roles Sexuales de Raguz (1991) y el Cuestionario Multifactorial de Liderazgo 5X de Bass y Avolio (2000). Los resultados mostraron que el campo del liderazgo continúa siendo masculino, aun cuando no existen diferencias entre los estilos de liderazgo ejercidos por hombres y mujeres. Por esta razón, tanto los hombres como mujeres con características masculinas generan una mayor intención de contratación que aquellos con características femeninas. También se observa que las mujeres en puestos de liderazgo presentan una incongruencia entre su rol de género y su rol social. / The aim of this study is to identify the gender roles and leadership styles that are given to high level managers by a group of students of Lima (Peru). The sample consists in 122 students, who described an executive director, a male executive director or a female executive director, depending on which of the three work groups they were assigned. The measurement scales used were the Sexual Roles Stereotype Scale (Raguz, 1991) and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5X (Bass & Avolio, 2000). The results show that leadership continues to be masculine, even though there are no significant differences between leadership styles of men and women. For that reason, men and women with masculine characteristics are more likely to be hired than those with feminine characteristics. This study also shows that women in leadership positions go through incongruence between their gender role and their social role as leaders. / Tesis

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Notre thèse vise à analyser la représentation de l'éducation des femmes dans le théâtre français du dix-septième siècle. Dans cette période du théâtre néoclassique, on écrivait des pièces dans le style classique avec des thèmes et des personnages qui reflétaient la société de l'époque. Les dramaturges créaient leurs œuvres afin de divertir le public ainsi que d'instruire aux spectateurs comment on devrait se comporter. Nous avons choisi quatre pièces des genres et des thèmes différents afin d'analyser comment les femmes étaient éduquées ainsi que comment elles s'instruisaient. Nous considérons l'instruction dans un sens formel et académique ainsi que dans un sens informel d'apprendre comment se conduire. En analysant les pièces choisies, deux représentations de l'éducation des femmes se voient : celle du personnage féminin traditionnel dont son amour d'un homme la motive à s'éduquer, et celle du personnage féminin non-traditionnel qui se sert de l'éducation pour un but différent. Les pièces choisies favorisent la représentation de la femme qui est motivée par l'amour, mais les personnages féminins qui sont représentés comme non-traditionnels revendiquent leur propre pouvoir en se servant de l'éducation afin d'atteindre leurs propres buts et désirs.

I begin by discussing structural alienation in the United States and its relationship to the pursuit of romantic love. I argue that romantic love is idealized due the lack of community inherent in a competitive, individualistic society; the romantic partner becomes a replacement for the community individuals once relied on for material and psychological needs. Despite the allure of romantic love, the norms and values associated with it often undermine the development of intimacy, as does the larger society in which the relationship is situated. I refer to this phenomenon as the romantic contradiction. I then discuss some of the factors that contribute to the romantic contradiction, such as the commodification of relationships in a market-based economy, impression management in dating, and the role of gender in heterosexual relationships. Central to this dissertation, I investigate the dominant ideology of romantic love by conducting a textual analysis of the ten most popular romantic comedies and self-help books on romantic relationships from 2006-2010. My findings suggest the dominant ideology of romantic love promotes long-term, monogamous relationships as the primary way to meet a person’s psychological and physical needs. Furthermore, the ideal relationship is based on gendered needs and responsibilities: men are expected to provide material and physical protection, while women are expected to provide emotional support and sexual intimacy. The ideology encourages a dependency between women and men and various forms of inequality. It also reinforces individualism in relationships by placing greater emphasis on meeting needs rather than developing intimacy (e.g. knowledge, empathy) for its own sake. I conclude with a discussion of competitive individualism and romantic alienation, and suggest avenues for reducing gender dependency and alienation in relationships.

Magister Scientiae (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology) - MSc (Biodiv & Cons Biol) / Gaps in our knowledge of the functional roles of snakes within ecosystems limit our ability to predict the potentially cascading effects their removal from an ecosystem might create. Extirpation of snake species could potentially result in losses of ecosystem functionality if those taxa are ecologically unique. I used pitfall and funnel trap arrays, artificial cover object surveys, active searching, and passive camera trapping, as well as pre-existing faunal diversity data to identify terrestrial tetrapod species within the Koeberg Private Nature Reserve. This resulted in a list of 265 species, of which 13 were snakes. I then gathered data on dietary and four additional functional traits for each species from the literature. Next, using hierarchical and partitioning around medoids clustering, I identified ten broad dietary guilds and 54 functional guilds within the terrestrial tetrapod community. Of the dietary guilds Dasypeltis scabra was the only snake species that formed a unique single species guild and was one of four snake species (Pseudaspis cana, Homoroselaps lacteus and Lamprophis guttatus) to form four unique single species functional guilds. The remaining snakes clustered together within groups of other vertebrate predators. Functional diversity analysis was then used to simulate losing eight major taxonomic groups (birds, passerines, non-passerines, mammals, reptiles, snakes, non-snake reptiles and amphibians) and gauge the effects of those losses on overall community dietary and functional diversity. Functional diversity analysis revealed that the loss of certain snake species resulted in disproportionate losses of overall community dietary and functional diversity while losing others had negligible effects. These findings provide ambivalent support for the dietary and functional uniqueness of snakes suggesting that certain snake species are fulfilling unique functional roles within the ecosystem. Additionally, it is likely that losing those non-redundant species would result in significant losses of ecosystem functionality.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:01:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardelli_mlfh_dr_prud.pdf: 2359466 bytes, checksum: 1896e6df21108e989e1d3e723de237bb (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A questão central que orientou o trabalho constituiu-se em investigar a relação entre a produção de conjuntos habitacionais nas pequenas cidades da região de Catanduva (Estado de São Paulo, Brasil) e sua ocupação por expressiva parcela de trabalhadores vinculados à agricultura e à agroindústria sucroalcooleira. Buscamos analisar quais são, de fato, os papéis urbanos das pequenas cidades desta região canavieira. Tais considerações remetem-nos ao modo como o poder público direciona a política habitacional e quais os interesses considerados na distribuição de recursos entre os municípios, implicando na reflexão entre a produção e a apropriação do espaço urbano, assim como sobre as políticas públicas. Baseamos nossa reflexão sobre o que, efetivamente, o acesso à habitação financiada com recursos públicos, representou para os moradores e o quanto atendeu os interesses de constituição de “viveiros de mão-de-obra” para a agroindústria da região. / The central issue that guiding this work was to investigate the relation between the production of housing developments in the small towns in the region of Catanduva (São Paulo State, Brazil) and their occupation by a significant number of employees working in the sugar-alcohol agro-industries. We searched to analyze which in fact are the urban roles of these sugar-cane area small towns. Such considerations lead us to the way the government directs housing policies and which interests are considered when resources are distributed among towns. This implies a reflection between the production and the appropriation of urban space, as well as about public policies . We have based our reflection on what effectively the access to publicly-funded housing represented to dwellers and how much it has met the interest of developing “workforce nurseries” for the agro-industry in the area.

The problem of this study was that parental perceptions of the roles and needs related to their children's reading development had not been successfully investigated. The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine parental perceptions of their roles, influence, and skills most needed to assist them relating to their children's reading development; the information sources on which parental beliefs about their role are founded; factors foreseen by parents that might hinder their involvement in that role; parents' preferred mode of receiving desired information relative to their assistance in their children's reading development; and existing variations in parental perceptions.

Orientador: Maria Encarnação Beltrão Sposito / Resumo: A questão central que orientou o trabalho constituiu-se em investigar a relação entre a produção de conjuntos habitacionais nas pequenas cidades da região de Catanduva (Estado de São Paulo, Brasil) e sua ocupação por expressiva parcela de trabalhadores vinculados à agricultura e à agroindústria sucroalcooleira. Buscamos analisar quais são, de fato, os papéis urbanos das pequenas cidades desta região canavieira. Tais considerações remetem-nos ao modo como o poder público direciona a política habitacional e quais os interesses considerados na distribuição de recursos entre os municípios, implicando na reflexão entre a produção e a apropriação do espaço urbano, assim como sobre as políticas públicas. Baseamos nossa reflexão sobre o que, efetivamente, o acesso à habitação financiada com recursos públicos, representou para os moradores e o quanto atendeu os interesses de constituição de "viveiros de mão-de-obra" para a agroindústria da região. / Abstract: The central issue that guiding this work was to investigate the relation between the production of housing developments in the small towns in the region of Catanduva (São Paulo State, Brazil) and their occupation by a significant number of employees working in the sugar-alcohol agro-industries. We searched to analyze which in fact are the urban roles of these sugar-cane area small towns. Such considerations lead us to the way the government directs housing policies and which interests are considered when resources are distributed among towns. This implies a reflection between the production and the appropriation of urban space, as well as about public policies . We have based our reflection on what effectively the access to publicly-funded housing represented to dwellers and how much it has met the interest of developing "workforce nurseries" for the agro-industry in the area. / Doutor

Mudanças ocorreram na composição familiar, surgindo as famílias homoparentais, ou seja, casais de pessoas de mesmo sexo que criam filhos. Diante dessa nova realidade cada vez mais visível, tornam-se necessárias a revisão e reconsideração dos conceitos de maternidade e paternidade. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho visa o estudo da homoparentalidade, examinando de que forma os papéis e funções parentais vêm sendo partilhados e regulados pelos membros do casal de pessoas de mesmo sexo que criam filhos. Para tal, foi utilizado o referencial teórico da Psicanálise em Freud e Lacan. Além disso, buscou-se aporte em estudos socioantropológicos da sexualidade, a partir da articulação teórica dos conceitos de homossexualidade, família tradicional e homoparental, função materna e paterna do ponto de vista psicanalítico e sua diferença em relação aos papéis (sociais) parentais. Papel e função parental foram as categorias eleitas para análise de fragmentos de discursos de homossexuais com filhos, colhidos em um estudo socioantropológico / Changes have occurred in household composition, the emerging same-sex families, or same-sex couples raising children. Given this new reality increasingly visible, become necessary to review and reconsideration of concepts of motherhood and fatherhood. Thus, this research aims at studying the homoparenthood, examining how parental roles and functions are being shared and regulated by the members of the pair of same-sex couples raising children. To this end, we used the theoretical framework of psychoanalysis in Freud and Lacan. In addition, we sought input from socioanthropological studies on sexuality, from the theoretical articulation of the concepts of homosexuality, traditional and homoparental family, maternal and paternal functions of the psychoanalytic point of view and its difference in relation to the roles (social) parents. Parental role and function categories were chosen for analysis of fragments of speeches by homosexual persons with children, gathered in a socio-anthropological study

Strategy and its successful implementation is the responsibility of all stakeholders in an organisation; however, thus far, most empirical research in the field of strategy has mainly focused on Boards of Directors or senior management. The dearth of research, as evidenced from the review of the literature concerning the roles of middle managers in strategy implementation, coupled with the disagreement of senior management on their importance, leaves room for discovery. Acknowledging the importance of middle managers’ roles and agreeing what is expected from them in strategy implementation prompts organisations to create the conditions to enable them for strategy implementation. These ideas led to this investigation by exploring what enables the roles and practices of middle managers in strategy implementation. This research adopts the interpretive research approach in an effort to investigate middle managers’ involvement in strategy implementation across three industrial manufacturing organisations in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Through the development of a conceptual framework incorporating aspects of roles, role expectations, practices and context, the thesis highlights the difference between the perception of roles and expectations and roles in practice. The chosen respondents were senior and middle managers. The main findings of the research showed that there exists a gap between the perception of senior managers and middle managers on the roles of middle managers and on aspects enabling their strategic agency; this resulted in an ‘implementation gap’, which can hinder the successful execution of organisation strategy. This thesis discovers that the issues of management are the same regardless of the geographic situation or cultures within which the organisations operate, and that there are lessons to be learned from each other. A conceptual framework emerged from the exploratory qualitative research which confirms and opens up new avenues in understanding the roles of middle managers in practice in the area of strategy implementation. The implications are a need to understand it more empirically and a need to bridge the gap in practice. Key words: Strategy implementation, Middle manager, Roles, Role expectations, Practices.