It is the purpose of this study to provide a survey of the way in which words combine with negative prefixes to form negative adjectives.

Over recent years cultural geography has refrained the parameters within which landscape and human agency are examined. Textual sources, social conditions, and ideological programmes are all seen as having a bearing on the shape of the environment and the human reaction to it. This thesis considers landscape change on the periphery of Tokyo known before 1868 as Edo) within the general framework of this new cultural geography and the specific context of the history of Japan's largest city. Situated in the northeastern outskirts of the city on the banks of its main river, Miukvjima was before about 1900 a place of recreation and diversion. Its temples, shrines, and ornamental gardens were a favoured site for blossom viewing and, in general terms, for dad, trips from the city centre. Around the turn of the century, however, factories were built, and the area was transformed within a few decades into an industrial periphery specializing in the manufacture of textiles, leather, matches, and other light industrial goods. The thesis contains two principal arguments, The first relates to the process of landscape creation and appreciation It is argued that the Japanese sensibility to space is informed by an innate appreciation of its symbolic content and by an exceptionally close assdciation between place itself and its textual and pictoral representation, The second relates to the process of urban change in the context of a modernising city. it is argued that alternative views of the urban environment arose but that, despite these differing interpretations, open space did not become an arena for contention. By examining the nature and process of urban change as well as perceptions of a chosen environment, the thesis sets out the structural context of rapid social transformation.

abstract: Linguistic subjectivity and subjectification are fields of research that are relatively new to those working in English linguistics. After a discussion of linguistic subjectivity and subjectification as they relate to English, I investigate the subjectification of a specific English adjective, and how its usage has changed over time. Subjectivity is held by many linguists of today to be the major governing factor behind the ordering of English prenominal adjectives. Through the use of a questionnaire, I investigate the effect of subjectivity on English prenominal adjective order from the perspective of the native English speaker. I then discuss the results of the questionnaire, what they mean in relation to how subjectivity affects that order, and a few of the patterns that emerged as I analyzed the data. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. English 2013

This diploma thesis deals with prenominal and postnominal adjectives in Italian. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part, the theoretical one, describes the basic characteristics of Italian adjectives which are being classified. It also focuses on the prenominal and postnominal adjectives and on the factors that influence their position in classification. The second part, the practical one, works with the web corpus called itWaC. Using the web corpus, there are frequency lists of adjectives in positions ART-ADJ-NOUN and ART-NOUN-ADJ being created. It results in creation of one final list that includes the adjectives appearing in the position both before and after the noun. Then the chosen adjectives are being analyzed in order to verify the initial theoretical knowledge and to specify the changes in meaning, related to the position change of the adjectives.

<p>This study investigates how best to solve difficulties that may arise when translating bird literature from English into Swedish. The focus of the study lies on the translation of attributive adjectives and bird terminology. The text chosen for the translation, which serves as the basis for the analysis, is the section on general habits of the <em>Turdidae-family </em>in the comprehensive work <em>Handbook of the Birds of the World. </em>Translation theory that proved helpful in the translation process and in the subsequent analysis was primarily that of Vinay and Darbelnet (1995, 2004), Nida (1964a) and Newmark (1981). In most cases a literal translation could be perfonned, both in regard to attributive adjectives and bird tenninology, however, in some cases other translation procedures, such as transposition and equivalence, proved useful. Attributive adjectives that could not be translated literally, or that were preferred not to be translated literally, were translated through the use of transposition, into for instance: compound nouns, prepositional phrases, relative clauses and <em>that-clauses. </em>Bird terminology for which no suitable corresponding terminology could be found in the target language, was translated non-literally through the use of equivalence, into structures maintaining the equivalent semantic meaning in a natural way.</p>

This study investigates how best to solve difficulties that may arise when translating bird literature from English into Swedish. The focus of the study lies on the translation of attributive adjectives and bird terminology. The text chosen for the translation, which serves as the basis for the analysis, is the section on general habits of the Turdidae-family in the comprehensive work Handbook of the Birds of the World. Translation theory that proved helpful in the translation process and in the subsequent analysis was primarily that of Vinay and Darbelnet (1995, 2004), Nida (1964a) and Newmark (1981). In most cases a literal translation could be perfonned, both in regard to attributive adjectives and bird tenninology, however, in some cases other translation procedures, such as transposition and equivalence, proved useful. Attributive adjectives that could not be translated literally, or that were preferred not to be translated literally, were translated through the use of transposition, into for instance: compound nouns, prepositional phrases, relative clauses and that-clauses. Bird terminology for which no suitable corresponding terminology could be found in the target language, was translated non-literally through the use of equivalence, into structures maintaining the equivalent semantic meaning in a natural way.

The dissertation thesis deals with the development of verbal adjectives from the so-called middle age (with regard to the creation of adjectives in Old Czech) with an overlap to the new Czech. Emphasis is placed on word-forming, which means that deverbal adjectives will be examined according to the way they are created, including the word-type semantics. Nor will their morphological side be neglected. The aim of this work is to indicate the development of verbal adjectives based on the analysis of excerpted material and thus contribute to their deeper knowledge.

There are some adjectives in language which sound strange to a native speaker in their graded form. Consider this sentence: "These pearls are more real than the real ones!" ("Tyhle perly jsou pravější než pravé!") How can they be more real? What does it even mean? I attempt to answer these and other questions in this paper. While the phenomenon of rarely graded adjectives may quite peripheral, it is nonetheless interesting and understanding it is important for the general understanding of adjective gradation. Adjectives such as real are traditionally considered non-gradable. However, as we can see from the example, that doesn't mean they can't be graded. The distinction between gradable and non-gradable adjectives apparently cannot be clear-cut. The goal of this paper is to describe this phenomenon, determine which properties rarely graded adjectives have and how they can be graded. I use data from a large corpus of written Czech (SYN v4) to find these adjectives and the way they are used. I employ both quantitative and qualitative methods to reach a comprehensive overview of rarely graded adjectives. I use statistical methods to find parameters specific for this type of adjective and semantic analysis to divide it into well-motivated categories. I also explain why they are graded only rarely, how...

In this study, societal attitudes toward sexual minorities are investigated through analyzing journalists’ use of evaluative adjectives in newspaper articles regarding famous homosexual couples compared to famous heterosexual couples. In this study, differences in attitudes between male and female journalists are also investigated. The aim is to investigate evaluative adjectives and how often they occur in order to find patterns that could indicate societal attitudes toward sexual minorities. The method used for this research was a close reading of the articles chosen and determining whether the evaluative adjectives were positive or negative in each specific context. The results were then normalized for the purpose of comparison between articles. The results of the study indicate that female journalists use more adjectives in general compared to male journalists. The results also indicate that journalists use more positive adjectives when writing about famous heterosexual couples, compared to famous homosexual couples. Also, male homosexual couples are portrayed more positively than female homosexual couples.

The main aim of this study is to examine how characterizations of persons in books for children and adolescents relate to traditional sex role patterns and to determine if there is any difference in this respect between books for girls and books for boys as well as between popular books and quality books.Eight books for girls, eight books for boys, and four books for both girls and boys are examined. From these books 8,268 adjectives, adverbs, and participles which characterize persons or aspects of persons were excerpted. These excerpts have been categorized with regard to syntactic function into attributive adjectives, predicative adjectives, and adverbials, and with regard to meaning as to membership in semantic fields on different levels.The most frequent syntactic category in the material is "predicative" (42.8%), followed by "attributive" (33.4%). Female characters are more often described by predicative adjectives than are male characters, while the opposite is true of attributive adjectives. The choice of syntactic category seems to be determined more by what property or state the lexical item refers to, however, than by the sex of the character described.The semantic fields with the largest number of excerpts are MENTAL PROPERTIES AND STATES (32.9%), SOCIABILITY (15.0%), DRESS AND APPEARANCE (14.7%), and PACE AND MOVEMENTS (11.4%). These fields also dominate within the different categories of books and the descriptions of female and male characters respectively.Traditional sex role patterns are most obvious in characterizations of role characters with respect to their role in society and their relation to other people. Female characters are, e.g., almost exclusively described with respect to their private lives, while male characters are described in terms of their position in society. In the books for boys male characters are attributed a negative or rejecting attitude to their environment, while female characters are attributed a more positive or accepting attitude.The most traditional impression of the opposite sex is conveyed by the books for boys-to the extent that any such impression is conveyed at all by these books. The books for boys have very few female characters and very few descriptions of them. In general, male characters dominate in the books and it is clearly shown that to be a boy or man is more highly regarded than to be a girl or woman.No general differences between popular books and quality literature emerged from the analyses performed. Traditional sex role patterns are equally pronounced in the two types of books, even if there are differences between individual books. / digitalisering@umu