En el presente trabajo se pretende aclarar la relación entre dos novelas contemporáneas escritas por el el español Javier Marías. Se parte de la idea planteada por el autor mismo, que una de sus obras, Negra Espalda del tiempo (1998), se publicó con el propósito de aclarar la relación entre realidad y ficción en uno de sus libros anteriores, Todas las almas (1989). Tomado frecuentemente por un roman à clef, Todas las almas es una obra donde la relación entre autor y narrador es poco clara y se quiere saber si Negra espalda del tiempo realmente sirve para aclarar la relación entre realidad y ficción y con eso la relación entre autor y narrador en Todas las almas. Se defiende la hipótesis de que Negra espalda del tiempo llevaría más rasgos autobiográficos y que la relación entre narrador y autor sería más clara para poder servir como clave al otro libro. Tras un análisis comparativo de la poética y la autoficción en ambas obras, se llega a la conclución de que Negra espalda del tiempo sí aclara la relación entre realidad y ficción en Todas las Almas. Sin embargo, finalmente se concluye que la relación entre autor y narrador resulta más complicada en Negra espalda del tiempo que en Todas las almas.

Il romanzo latino Argenis di John Barclay, pubblicato a Parigi nel 1621, è stato uno dei libri più amati della sua epoca. La ragione del plauso dei lettori sarà da ricercare nella complessa macchina narrativa ideata dall'autore, unione di narrazione, storia, evocata in forma di allegoria, e magistero politico; in questo nuovo modello di scrittura è stato riconosciuto l'atto fondativo del genere cosidetto del "roman à clef" ("romanzo a chiave" in italiano). La ricerca propone un rigoroso studio dell'opera e mira alla definizione del giudizio su di essa espresso dai letterati italiani nel corso del Seicento. La tesi si sofferma in seguito sull'influenza esercitata dall'Argenis sul romanzo italiano. Attenzioni preliminari vengono così dedicate alle alterne fortune godute, nelle scritture di ambientazione fantastica, da alcune caratterizzanti scelte narrative del modello latino. Vengono quindi studiati i "romanzi a chiave" per delineare le declinazioni peculiari del genere in Italia, ponendo particolare attenzione alle forme e finalità di impiego della storia e ai nuovi indirizzi della materia politica. Gli autori di "romanzi a chiave" studiati sono: Francesco Agricoletti, Ciro Anselmi, Francesco Belli, Guidubaldo Benamati, Giovanni Francesco Biondi, Girolamo Brusoni, Niccolò Maria Corbelli, Carlo de' Dottori, Giovanni Francesco Loredano e Ferrante Pallavicino / John Barclay's Argenis, a latin novel published in Paris in 1621, is one of the best sellers of its time. The reason for success is to be found in the complex narrative system conceived by the author, union of narration, history, recalled in the form of an allegory, and political thought; the foundative act of the so-called genre of the "roman à clef" ("novel with a key") is recognized in this new model of writing. The research aims at studying Barclay's novel and try to define its value in the opinion of the italian men of letters. The thesis focuses also on the influence of the Argenis on the seventeenth century italian novel. Preliminary attentions are dedicated to the variable success met by some characterizing narrative choices of the latin model within the fantasy setting novels. The italian "romans à clef" are examinated to determine the features of the genre in Italy, studying the forms and the finality of the use of history and the rethinkings imposed to the political argument. The authors examinated are: Francesco Agricoletti, Ciro Anselmi, Francesco Belli, Guidubaldo Benamati, Giovanni Francesco Biondi, Girolamo Brusoni, Niccolò Maria Corbelli, Carlo de' Dottori, Giovanni Francesco Loredano e Ferrante Pallavicino.

Ce travail présente la première traduction française, assortie de notes et précédée d’une introduction détaillée, d’un roman à clef néo-latin intitulé Peruviana (1644), qui transpose au Pérou les intrigues politiques et sentimentales du Royaume de France au temps de Louis XIII. Son auteur, Claude-Barthélemy Morisot (12 avril 1592 - 22 octobre 1661), était un parlementaire dijonnais appartenant à un cercle de “libertins érudits” de la République des Lettres de la première moitié du XVIIème siècle, auteur d’ouvrages savants et de cet unique roman.L’étude en trois parties servant d’introduction offre d’abord une contextualisation de cette fiction romanesque et de son auteur, livrant les premières clefs nécessaires à la lecture ; puis une analyse narratologique aborde les enjeux littéraires et l’exploitation des sources, notamment antiques : la confrontation des référents et de la structuration de l’intrigue met en évidence la double portée, stéganographique et politique, de ce roman, que la fin de l’étude tentera d’élucider. Il apparaîtra alors que l’auteur, par le jeu de l’analogie et de la métaphore que permet le principe du roman à clef, a envisagé son œuvre comme une utopie où les mécanismes historiques, entrant en concordance avec ceux du Cosmos, pourraient être appréhendés et harmonisés par l’application d’un art bienveillant, prenant en compte tous les aspects et tous les états de la matière sociale afin de guider celle-ci vers un accomplissement proche de l’idéal. Cette lecture alchimique révèle que tout le roman est une métaphore de l’Œuvre, dont l’artisan serait le Poète, mettant au service de l’humanité à venir ce fruit de sa sagesse. / This dissertation is the first translation of a Neo-Latin roman à clef entitled Peruviana (1644) which transposes to Peru the political and sentimental intrigues that took place in France under Louis XIII. This edition is accompanied with notes and preceded by a detailed introduction. The author of Peruviana, Claude-Barthélemy Morisot (April 12, 1592 – October 22, 1661), was a native of Dijon and belonged to a group of libertine scholars from the Republic of Letters during the first half of the 17th century. He is the author of several scholarly works, but Peruviana is his only novel.The first part of the introduction provides contextual elements about the narrative and its author, while also giving some of the keys to read the novel. The second part consists of a narratological analysis which deals with its literary issues and the use of sources – especially classical literature ; the confrontation between the referents and the structure of the plot highlights the steganographic and political dimension of this novel, a point on which third part of this study sheds light.It then becomes clear that thanks to the use of analogy and metaphor – which are characteristic devices of romans à clefs – the author conceived his work as a utopia in which the historical mechanisms reflecting those of the Cosmos might be apprehended and harmonized through a benevolent art that would take into account all the aspects and states of the social Materia(l) in order to lead it to an (almost) ideal fulfilment. This alchemical reading reveals that the entire novel is a metaphor of the Magnum Opus, whose architect would be the Poet offering the product of his wisdom to the future of mankind.

The thesis presents an analysis of the themes of the city, the journey and the pilgrim in the well known danish novel Havoc by Tom Kristiensen. The introductory part of the thesis includes a brief summary of the changes in the image of the city in the 19th and 20th century works of art and literature. Furthermore, it also focuses on the man-city relationship and stresses its reciprocity and the important role of the city in the process of the formation of individual identity. The following part of the thesis analyses the theme of the city in Havoc and focuses mainly on the influence, which the main character's feeling of alientation has on the depiction of the city in the novel. Another discussed topic is the main character's decision to intentedly reach the bottom of his existence, which is interpreted as the result of the post-world war I. urge to question and reassess the foundations of the society and its principels and values. The thesis compares and contrasts the main character's deroute with other famous litterary journeys and pilgrimages. Furthemore, it also analyses the predominant patterns of the main charcter's movement through the city and interprets its spiral course as emblematic of the main charatcer's search of identity. The final part of the thesis explores the importance of the...