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Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-02-23T18:55:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBERVAL AMARAL NETO.pdf: 2170360 bytes, checksum: de9040643e9d1613c7dc6de9b6a77b67 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-23T18:55:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBERVAL AMARAL NETO.pdf: 2170360 bytes, checksum: de9040643e9d1613c7dc6de9b6a77b67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27 / The phenomenon of contemporary slavery: the slave labor in Goias and Maranhao is the object hatholds this dissertation. Thus, from the experience of debt bondage of rural workers, in Goias and Maranhao, he sought to understand economic processes, social and political insist on keeping contemporary slavery in all Brazilian regions. The research target is the goianos workers and maranhenses subjected to debt bondage, from 1995 to 2015. In this analysis, I seek first to highlight the phenomenon of slavery in contemporary Brazil, showing the limits of government policies in combating slavery during the twentieth century, academic discussions about the slave labor of the problem and the decisive role of civil society organizations in combating today's slavery. Then, the analysis holds Goiás, their singularities, political and domestic economic processes and the instruments created by society to fight slavery. Soonafter, analyzes the maranhense slave labor, as political and economic options of the Sarney oligarchy amid the process of modernization of theAmazon, the partners sequele caused by extreme concentration of Maranhão income, conflicts and migration of Maranhao in th emiddle extreme poverty of rural workers who have been expelled from their lands, seeking better days in other states, but they do so within a logic and a resistance strategy within the margins of freedom they have. And to finish the dissertation we seek convergences and divergences between Goias and Maranhao slave labor aimed at finding the connections that enables deep understanding of slavery phenomenon in contemporary Brazil. / O fenômeno da escravidão contemporânea: o trabalho escravo em Goiás e no Maranhão é o objeto de que se ocupa esta dissertação. Assim, a partir da experiência da escravidão por dívida dos trabalhadores rurais, em Goiás e Maranhão, procurou-se compreender os processos econômicos, sociais e políticos que teimam em manter a escravidão contemporânea em todas as regiões brasileiras. A investigação tem como alvo os trabalhadores goianos e maranhenses submetidos à escravidão por dívida, no período de 1995 a 2015. Nesta análise, busco primeiramente salientar o fenômeno da escravidão no Brasil contemporâneo, mostrando os limites das políticas de Estado no combate à escravidão durante o século XX, as discussões acadêmicas em torno da problemática do trabalho escravo e o papel decisivo da sociedade civil organizada no combate à escravidão hodierna. Em seguida, a análise se detém a Goiás, suas singularidades, processos políticos e econômicos internos, assim como os instrumentos criados pela sociedade para combater a escravidão. Logo depois, analisa-se o trabalho escravo maranhense, como as opções políticas e econômicas da oligarquia Sarney em meio ao processo de modernização da Amazônia Legal, as sequelas sociais provocadas pela extrema concentração da riqueza maranhense, os conflitos no campo e a migração dos trabalhadores rurais que sem alternativas concretas, buscam melhores dias em outros estados, mas o fazem dentro de uma lógica e de uma estratégia de resistência dentro das margens de liberdade que possuem. E por fim, busca-se as convergências e divergências entre o trabalho escravo goiano e maranhense, visando, assim, encontrar as conexões que possibilitam a profunda compreensão do fenômeno da escravidão contemporânea.

The aim of this thesis is comparison of the traffic consumption in three selected European countries. Analysis and comparison of traffic intensity in rural and urban areas of the Czech Republic, Germany and the Netherlands. The thesis is focused on the evaluation of the diversity of rural and urban traffic consumption and it asseses the relationships between transport and the environment. Hypotheses are verified by analysis of carbon dioxide emissions in the passenger car, public and air transport (data from the project GILDED).

Introduction: Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) is one of the main public health problems causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. SAH is a multifactor clinical condition characterized by elevated and sustained levels of high Blood Pressure (BP). Despite SAH being an important changeable risk factor for Cardiovascular Diseases (CD), it is highly prevalent (in Brazil, a prevalence of 19,8% is estimated in rural populations, and of 21,7% in urban populations). Prevalence of SAH differs between the populations and is modulated by risk factors. Workers, both rural and urban are exposed to risk factors (behavioral, environmental and economic) of SAH. Subpopulations with lack of access to diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of the disease, factors that might increase their morbidity and mortality. Despite the high morbidity and mortality of SAH, heterogeneity of prevalence and of the risk factors associated with this condition in many subpopulations has yet to be portrayed. Objectives: Define and compare the prevalence of Systemic Arterial Hypertension between urban and rural adults, as well as risk factors associated with. Materials and methods: This study is clinical, observational and transversal, evaluating and comparing subjects that live in urban and rural area. Data was collected through structured interview in a questionnaire, screening, ambulatory and specialized blood pressure monitoring, anthropometric evaluation, additional laboratorial tests. Statistic approach was descriptive and analytical. Results: Population in the study was of 400 workers, 200 of them from the rural area (AR) and 200 from the urban area (AU), 77 (19.3%) women and 323 (80.8%) men. The average age was 39.3±13.7 (47.4±13.7 in AR and 31.3±7.6 in AU). The overall prevalence of hypertension was 28.8% [40.5% in AR and 17.0% in AU, p <0.001, OR 3.32 (2.09-5.29)]. The risk factors associated with high blood pressure were: socioeconomic class (p=0.002), marital status (p=0.002), educational level (p <0.001), high IMC (p<0.001), history of HAS (p=0.049), (p<0.001), waist circumference (p<0.001), total cholesterol (p<0.001), HDL (p=0.048), LDL (p<0.001), triglycerides (p<0.001) and ECG (p<0.001). In the urban area the variables associated with SAH were: age (p <0,001), waist circumference (p<0.001), high IMC (p<0.001), total cholesterol (p=0.001), triglycerides (p<0.001), and Altered ECG (p <0.001). In the rural area: age (p<0.001), IMC (p<0.001), total cholesterol (p<0.001), LDL (p<0.001), triglycerides (p<0.001) and altered ECG (p<0.001). Conclusion: Prevalence of HAS was higher in the rural population when compared to the urban population, risk factors associated with the rural population might explain the increased prevalence. Lack of diagnose is present in rural and urban areas. Needs for better follow-up among patients was demonstrated by blood pressure alterations in anti-hypertensive drug users. / Introdução: A hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública causando alta morbidade e mortalidade no mundo todo. A HAS é uma condição clínica multifatorial caracterizada por níveis elevados e sustentados de pressão arterial (PA). Apesar da HAS ser um importante fator de risco modificável para doenças cardiovasculares (DCV), possui alta prevalência (no Brasil estima-se prevalência de 19,8% na área rural e 21,7% na área urbana). Indivíduos nas áreas rurais e urbanas estão expostos a diferentes fatores de risco (comportamental, ambiental e econômico) à HAS. Subpopulações com baixo acesso a diagnóstico, tratamento e monitoramento da doença podem ter a morbimortalidade da HAS potencializada. Apesar dos impactos negativos da HAS, a prevalência e os fatores de risco associados característicos de subgrupos populacionais ainda não são bem descritos, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Estabelecer e comparar a prevalência à Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica entre adultos da área urbana e rural e identificar fatores de risco associados. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo clínico, observacional, transversal, avaliando e comparando moradores da área urbana e rural. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista estruturada em formulário, verificação pressórica de triagem, ambulatorial e especializada, avaliação antropométrica, exames laboratoriais complementares. A abordagem estatística foi descritiva-analítica. Resultados: A amostra do estudo foi composta por 400 trabalhadores, sendo estes 200 na área rural (AR) e 200 da urbana (AU), 77 (19,3%) mulheres e 323 (80,8%) homens. A média de idade foi respectivamente 39,3±13,7 (47,4±13,7 AR e 31,3±7,6 AU). A prevalência geral da hipertensão foi de 28,8% [40,5% AR e 17,0% AU, p<0.001, OR 3,32 (2,09-5,29)]. Na amostra total estudada os fatores associados foram: classe socioeconômica (p=0,002), situação conjugal (p=0,002), nível educacional (p<0.001), IMC elevado (p<0,001), histórico de HAS (p=0,049), tabagismo (p<0,001), circunferência da cintura (p<0,001), colesterol total (p<0,001), HDL (p=0,048), LDL (p<0,001), triglicerídeos (p<0,001) e ECG (p<0,001). Na área urbana as variáveis associadas a HAS foram: idade (p<0,001), relação circunferência da cintura (p<0,001), IMC elevado (p<0,001), colesterol total (p=0,001), triglicerídeos (p<0,001) e ECG alterado (p<0,001). Na área rural: idade (p<0,001), IMC (p<0,001), colesterol total (p<0,001), LDL (p<0,001), triglicerídeos (p<0,001) e ECG alterado (p<0,001). Conclusões: A HAS foi mais prevalente na área rural se comparada a urbana, os fatores de risco associados a população rural podem, em parte, explicar este aumento. A carência no diagnostico é presente nas áreas rurais e urbanas e a necessidade de monitoramento em tratamentos de hipertensos foi demonstrada pelo descontrole pressórico em pacientes usuários de anti-hipertensivo. / Lagarto, SE

Orientador: Sonia Giubilei / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T01:51:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bravo_Ismael_D.pdf: 995309 bytes, checksum: fad2910cc903837f2c1da472333111f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Este trabalho visa a desvelar, dentro dos diferentes níveis de ensino das unidades escolares localizadas em áreas de transição na região de Campinas (SP), o modo como os aspectos que integram os domínios socioeconômicos poderão beneficiar a formulação e a execução de políticas públicas para uma gestão educacional integrada em região metropolitana. A produção e a sistematização do conhecimento de áreas de transição são relevantes para a definição e implementação de políticas educacionais, com significativa importância social, ao serem adotadas por instituições e/ou organizações responsáveis por sua execução. Este estudo permitiu constatar que a consideração exclusiva dos aspectos socioeconômicos dos meios urbanos e rurais é insuficiente para caracterizar as experiências sociais, culturais e econômicas dos alunos de unidades escolares em áreas de transição, na medida em que elementos de periferia ou mesmo de conurbação são relevantes no caso. A fim de investigar os problemas levantados por este trabalho e responder a eles, bem como aos objetivos nele propostos, tornase necessário o auxílio de outra ciência para a explicação de fatos que informarão a problemática própria de uma área geográfica. O enfoque será posto num trabalho contextualizado com base em determinado referencial teórico, consubstanciado na bibliografia fundamental mediante abordagens descritivo-analíticas do objeto investigado. Assim, disponibilizam-se às políticas públicas da região fundamentos de novos elementos para a elaboração de uma gestão integrada com a finalidade de atender às premências educacionais / Abstract: This work seek to the unveil, within the different levels of instruction of scholastic unto localized in transition areas of the region Campinas (SP), the way how the aspects that integrate the socioeconomic dominions will be able to benefit the formularization and the application of public politics for a educational management integrated in the region metropolitan. The production and the systematization of the knowledge of transition areas are considerable for the definition and implementation of educational politics, with significant social importance, when being adopted by institutions and/or responsible organizations for its execution. This study allowed to evidence that the consideration exclusive socioeconomic aspects of the urban and rural is insufficient to characterize the social, cultural and economic experiences of the students in these scholastic units in transition areas, in the elements of the periphery or even the conurbation is it notable of the case. In order to investigate the problems raised from this research and answer them, as well as the objectives in proposed, the aid of another science for the explanation of facts becomes necessary that will inform the problematic in a geographic area. The emphasis will be placed in a work contextually on the basis of determined theoretical reference, to consubstantiate in the basic bibliography by means of description-analytical approach the investigated object. Thus, they are availableness to public politics of the region fundamentals new elements for the elaboration of an integrated management with the finality of attend the educational urgency / Doutorado / Educação / Doutor em Educação

This qualitative study explores how eco-social organizations in Colombia work with the communities to protect the páramos, and the issues affecting the páramos. Workers, volunteers, and advisors of the organizations were interviewed to examine the issues affecting the páramos and how they work with the communities to protect this ecosystem. Results of this study were analyzed through the environmental justice framework and the eco-social approach and by applying thematic analysis. The findings identified that issues such as climate change, agriculture, and mining are affecting the ecosystem of páramos. The study results also reflected that the community-based conservation approach, community prior knowledge, educating and raising awareness, and the role of eco-social non-governmental organizations play a fundamental role when working alongside the communities to protect the páramos.

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Rättvik, is a small town in Dalarna, Sweden, with just over 11 000 inhabitants. The population is growing older, and the average age is close to 50, which is the 9th highest in the country. That the average age in the municipality has been rising, while the population has been roughly the same over the last 20 years is a combination of a few different factors. Among these are a decreased number of births and an outmigration of young adults. The purpose of this study is to, through qualitative analysis, highlight which motives young adults who leave Rättvik municipality have. Aside from highlighting the individual motives, the study also analyses how the respondents see differences between young men and women. One example of these differences is the gender-based segregation in the workforce, where rural areas in Sweden generally have a higher quantity of jobs that are male dominated. This paper will also highlight the different factors that motivate people to either return to Rättvik or not.There were two main motives for young adults who leave Rättvik. These are post-secondary education in areas of interest not available in Rättvik, and a yearning for something new and bigger, providing new life experiences. There were also other factors that had an impact on the respondents choice to leave Rättvik, for example love, where they chose to leave the town and move to a bigger city with their significant other. Several respondents have also described pressures or expectations to pursue further education. This mindset over a long period of time made the decision to leave Rättvik easier for many of the respondents. In terms of the gender perspective, many of the respondents described how the interests that are popular in smaller Swedish towns like Rättvik generally attracts men more than women. This, combined with the aforementioned gender-based segregation in the workforce could be a factor to why women, to a larger extent, chose to leave small towns for bigger cities. When the respondents were asked about an eventual return to Rättvik, the opinions were divided. Some respondents showed a high interest in returning to Rättvik, while others were less inclined to do so, and would prefer to live in a bigger city where the job market is larger, and mobility generally is better. / Rättvik är en liten kommun i Dalarna med strax över 11 000 invånare. Rättviks kommun har den 9e högsta medelåldern i Sverige och befolkningen blir allt äldre trots att den totala populationen inte minskar. Detta är konsekvensen av ett minskat barnafödande i kombination med en utflyttning av unga vuxna samt inflyttning av äldre. Att befolkningssammansättningen förändras på detta vis resulterar i negativa konsekvenser för kommunen, då en allt större del av befolkningen inte längre är i en arbetsför ålder. I denna kvalitativa fallstudie undersöker unga vuxnas motiv att lämna Rättviks kommun genom 6st intervjuer med respondenter som valt att flytta från kommunen före 30 års ålder. Undersökningen lyfter fram vilka motiv dessa sex respondenter hade när de valde att lämna kommunen, om de uppfattar att det finns en skillnad mellan kvinnor och män när det kommer till att lämna kommunen, samt hur de ser på att vid en senare punkt i livet, återvända till Rättvik.Det var i huvudsak två huvudanledningar som respondenterna beskrev som motiv att lämna kommunen. Dessa var att söka sig till en eftergymnasial utbildning de var intresserade av och längtan att se något nytt och större för att skaffa sig nya livserfarenheter. Det var även andra, mer personliga faktorer som spelade in, exempelvis kärlek, där respondenter valt att flytta med sin partner till annan ort. Flera av respondenterna beskriver dessutom hur de känt en viss press eller förväntningar att de ska vidareutbilda sig, och varit inställda på det långt före de faktiskt sökt utbildningen. När det kommer till skillnader mellan män och kvinnor lägger respondenterna mycket vikt vid att det upplevs som i glesbygdskommuner som Rättvik generellt uppfattas som att intressen och yrken som är mer maskulina eller mansdominerade är populära. Detta kan vara en bidragande faktor till varför unga kvinnor söker sig till större städer. Respondenterna var kluvna gällande frågan om återflytt, där några lyfte ett starkt intresse av att återvända till kommunen då de värderade sin uppväxt och kulturen i Rättvik högt, medan andra istället lyfte att de troligtvis inte väljer att flytta tillbaka. Detta grundar sig i faktorer som agglomeration då ett större utbud på arbetstillfällen i större städer lockar många dit. Dessutom värderas den närhet och tillgänglighet som finns i större städer högt.

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The devastating effects floods have on both social and economic level make effective flood risk management an essential part of rural and urban development. A major part of effective flood risk management is the application of reliable design flood estimation methods. Research over the years has illustrated that current design flood estimation methods as a norm show large discrepancies which can mainly be attributed to the fact that these methods are outdated (Smithers, 2007). The research presented focused on the evaluation and updating of the Midgley and Pitman (MIPI) and the Catchment Parameter (CAPA or McPherson) empirical design flood estimation methods. The evaluation was done by means of comparing design floods estimated by each method with more reliable probabilistic design floods derived from historical flow records. Flow gauging stations were selected as drainage data points based on the availability of flow data and available catchment characteristics. A selection criterion was developed resulting in 53 gauging stations. The Log Normal (LN) and Log Pearson Type III (LP III) distributions were used to derive the probabilistic floods for each gauging station. The flow gauging stations were used to delineate catchments and to quantify catchment characteristics using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software and their associated applications. The two methods were approximated by means derived formulas instead of evaluating and updating the two methods from first principles. This was done as a result of the constraints brought about by both time and the attainment of the relevant literature. The formulae were derived by means of plotting method inputs and resulted in graphs, fitting a trendline through the points and deriving a formula best describing the trendline. The derived formulae and the catchment characteristics were used to estimate the design floods for each method. A comparison was then done between the design flood results of the two methods and the probabilistic design floods. The results of these comparisons were used to derive correction factors which could potentially increase the reliability of the two methods used to estimate design floods. The effectiveness of any updating would be the degree (or level) in which the reliability of a method could be increased. It was proven that the correction factors did decrease the difference between the „assumed and more reliable probabilistic design floods‟ and the methods‟ estimates. However, the increase in reliability of the methods through the use of the recommended correction factors is questionable due to factors such as the reliability of the flow data as well as the methods which had to be used to derive the correction factors. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verwoestende gevolge van vloede op beide ekonomiese en sosiale gebiede beklemtoon die belangrikheid van effektiewe vloed risiko bestuur vir ontwikellings doeleindes. „n Baie belangrikke gedeelte van effektiewe vloed risiko bestuur is die gebruik van betroubare ontwerp vloed metodes. Navorsing oor die laaste paar jaar het die tekortkominge van die metodes beklemtoon, wat meestal toegeskryf kan word aan die metodes wat verouderd is. Die navorsing het gefokus op die evaluering en moontlike opdatering van die Midley en Pitman (MIPI) en die “Catchment Parameter” (CAPA of McPherson) empiriese ontwerp vloed metodes. Die evaluering het geskied deur middel van die vergelyking van die ontwerp vloed soos bereken deur die twee metodes en die aanvaarde, meer betroubare probabilistiese ontwerp vloede, bepaal deur middel van statistiese ontledings. Vloei meetstasies is gekies as data-punte omrede die beskikbaarheid van vloei data en beskikbare opvanggebied eienskappe. „n Seleksie kriteruim is ontwikkel waaruit 53 meetstasies gekies is. Die Log Normale (LN) en Log Pearson Tipe III (LP III) verspreidings is verder gebruik om die probabilistiese ontwerp vloede te bereken vir elke meetstasie. Die posisie van die meetstasies is ook verder gebruik om opvanggebiede te definieer en opvanggebied eienskappe te bereken. Geografiese inligtingstelsels (GIS) is vir die doel gebruik inplaas van die oorspronlik hand metodes. Die twee metodes is benader deur die gebruik van afgeleide formules inplaas van „n eerste beginsel benadering. Dit is gedoen as gevolg van die beperkings wat teweeggebring is deur beide tyd en die beskikbaarheid van die relevante litratuur wat handel oor die ontwikkeling van die twee metodes. Die formules is verkry deur middel van die plot van beide insette en resultate in grafieke, die passing van tendenslyne en die afleiding van formules wat die tendenslyne die beste beskryf. Die afgeleide formules saam met die opvanggebied eienskappe is toe verder gebruik om die ontwerp vloede van elke meet stasie te bepaal, vir beide metodes. The resultate van die twee metodes is toe vergelyk met die probabilistiese ontwerp vloede. Die resultate van hierdie vergelyking is verder gebruik om korreksie faktore af te lei wat moontlik die betroubaarheid van die twee metodes kon verhoog. Die doeltreffendheid van enige opdatering sal die mate wees waarin die betroubaarheid van n metode verhoog kan word. Gedurende die verhandeling is dit bewys dat die korreksie faktore wel n vermindering teweebring in die verskil tussen die ontwerp vloede van die aanvaarde meer betroubare probabilistiese ontwerp vloede van beide metodes. Die toename in betroubaarheid van die metodes deur die gebruik van die voorgestelde korreksie faktore is egter bevraagteken as gevolg van faktore soos die betroubaarheid van die vloei data self asook die metodologie wat gevolg is om die korreksie faktore af te lei.