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A model for user requirements elicitation specific to users in rural areasIsabirye, Naomi January 2009 (has links)
Dwesa is a rural town situated in South Africa's Eastern Cape Province that has been selected as a testing site for an e-commerce project to address some of the challenges faced by the community. These challenges include difficulties stemming from poverty, poor access to public services, unemployment and low levels of literacy. The Siyakhula Living Lab project’s aim is to develop an e-commerce platform that will 'connect' the residents with the necessary access to services and markets by providing them with the necessary tools that can help in alleviating some of their challenges. In order for the project to achieve its objectives, a deeper understanding into the needs of the prospective users is required. User requirements elicitation deals with the process of interacting with the prospective users to understand and document their needs. This research aims at evaluating existing requirements elicitation techniques and methodologies in the context of rural information technology implementations. The primary objective is to develop a model for user requirements elicitation in Dwesa. Many requirements elicitation techniques and frameworks exist, but few have been evaluated in the context of rural software implementations. Requirements elicitation techniques should not be applied simply as steps to gather information. Instead this research project proposes a model that can be applied to assimilate the contribution of knowledge regarding the stakeholders, problem and solution characteristics, and other characteristics into the software development process for the effective elicitation of requirements.
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The impact of transport costs on household income: the case of Nkonkobe Municipality Alice in the Easten Cape ProvinceDlwangushe, Sizwe January 2012 (has links)
The study investigated the impact of transport costs on household income the case of Nkonkobe Local Municipality. The objective of the study was to establish the impact of transport costs on household income. To achieve the objective, the study hypothesized that transport costs have a negative impact of household income. The research design of the study that was used include research instrument, research technique, sample size, population and data analysis procedure. However the research instrument that was followed was the questionnaire which contains a set of questions whilst the research technique used to collect primary data was the self-administered questionnaire. The results of the study revealed that households in Nkonkobe Local Municipality were spending more of their income on transport. Finally, the study recommended that subsidies for poor households must be provided by the government.
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The structure and support networks of families in informal settlements in DurbanVan Vuuren, Arnia 29 October 2014 (has links)
Ph.D. (Sociology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract
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The effects of climate change on household food production in rural Makhado Local Municipality, Limpopo ProvinceMadzivhandila, Thanyani Selby January 2015 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D. (Administration)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / The thesis of this study is that food production systems for self-provisioning have
historically constituted the backbone for survival and life-support in rural South Africa.
Colonialism and apartheid capitalism bore harsh effects on the food production life support
systems. However, these effects pale into insignificance compared to the present
devastation of the food production systems associated with climate change. The
contribution of rural South Africa towards climate change is at all scale negligible because
poor people hold limited capacity to produce the deleterious gas emissions that allegedly
causes global warming. However, the poor are disproportionately exposed to the
adversarial effects of climate change and their food production systems have
demonstrated beyond doubt that they cannot cope with stressors occasioned by climate
change. Government policy and measures continue to be inadequate and inaccessible
for rural households that produce for self-provisioning.
The thesis further demonstrate that scientifically–based intervention measures adopted
among rural poor in developing countries are viewed as alien and therefore not
wholeheartedly adhered to by the users. The thesis points to this discrepancy to illustrate
that the value systems among the rural population in South Africa describe changes in
their food production in terms of climatic conditions that are, according to their belief
systems, avoidable consequences of people’s conduct of life outside tradition, religion
and so on. It engages a nascent argument relating to the failure of private and public
scientifically-generated intervention measures within developing countries’ rurality, which
is ironically exacerbated by the apparent inappropriateness and, often, destructiveness
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of the Green Revolution Technologies. As such interventions fail, the thesis points, they
create skeletons of evidence, that appear to corroborate the traditionalist belief systems
about the locus of causes of change in climatic conditions being extra-terrestrial as a
consequence of people’s misconduct of life.
The study investigates the effects of climate change on household food production
systems in rural Makhado Local Municipality. 30 villages are used for this study in both
households questionnaire survey, interview of the key informants and observation of
different patterns of production process, geo-spatial features and current settlements
patterns. The data analysis results reflect that different households within the municipality
experiences variety of effects of climate change. Furthermore, the climatic conditions
which consisted of enough reliable precipitation during food production stages have
declined; rather in the post-1990 period, the area have been experiencing continuous
heatwaves and drought which destroyed household’s crops and livestock. Using the
normative and historical research designs the study found that the situation within villages
has changed drastically because of climate change when comparing the conditions preand
post-1990. The deliberate adoption of the historical design was crucial given that the
thesis mission was to highlight the discrepancies in the so-called modern systems versus
the traditionalist philosophies that continue to dominate the thinking and action rural
populations in most developing countries. Equally, the historical design provides
unquestionable possibility of applying appropriate research techniques to contextualize
the research problem under investigation. Indeed, this manoeuvre has always been an
important part and parcel of the research design and methodology because the thesis
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had to adopt a longitudinal research orientation through an appropriately designed data
collection tool, specifically the questionnaire and interview schedule. From a
philosophical perspective, the thesis demystifies the thinking that the so-called
scientifically-generated interventions against climate change could resolve the attendant
challenges, inclusive of food production. That is, it insinuates that appropriate research is
needed for developing countries rurality in order to find intervention measures that are a
product of the evolution of traditionalist value systems. Tacitly, the thesis challenges the
statist and private sector habits of always parachuting the so-called scientifically generated
solutions to climate change. / University of Limpopo Research Administration Department.
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The emergence and development of the Balemirui Project in the North West Province : insights into prospects and challenges of land reform in South AfricaMokgupi, Kelebamang Winnie 02 1900 (has links)
Introduction: Land reform is one of the consistently debated, complex and contested subjects in the South African development discourse. Many impoverished communities have been dispossessed of their land during the colonial past. Indicators, measures and evidence of success in land reform are scant, anecdotal and poorly documented.
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine whether land reform in South Africa can indeed yield positive development outcomes. In the absence of clear indicators to measure successful land reform, the researcher uses case study methodology to evaluate the impact of land reform on a particular community, the Barolong-Balemirui Project in the North West Province.
Methodology: Generic Qualitative methods are used to collect and analyse data collected from (n=45) participants. Within this, multiple data collection approaches that include document analysis, informal discussions and unstructured interviews were utilised to gain insights into the role played by South African land reform across a range of developmental outcome areas.
Findings: The study found that land reform could indeed, produce positive development among the impoverished communities in South Africa. This empirical exploration also highlights that the success of land reform programmes and projects depends on many interlinked variables which include enabling policies; the availability of support from development institutions; the private sector and the state, the commitment of the beneficiaries in utilising the land for development purposes as well as the appropriateness of the identified development objectives. The development inputs and outputs of a successful land reform project are therefore multifaceted and complex.
Conclusion: This study emphasises the importance of the participation of beneficiaries in the evaluation of land reform projects to determine real and lasting developmental impact. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)
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Investigating the viability of rural housing finance as a vehicle for the creation of sustainable human settlement in Moletlane village – Lepelle Nkumpi municipalityMthethwa, Zamukuhle William 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The need for sustainable human settlements, particularly for the poor, is crucial in South
Africa (SA). This is because of the apartheid spatial constructs that segregated the black
population groups from white minority and denied them equal access to economic
opportunities, housing, as well as basic and social services (Smeddle-Thompson, 2012).
Many South Africans remain without basic services in the many informal settlements. Even
those who have jobs and a consistent salary find it difficult to sustain a decent quality of life,
as they fall outside of the subsidy bracket but at the same time are unable to afford and access
the mortgage products available from commercial banks (Department of Human Settlement,
2009). Consequently, the South African government is faced with the task of developing
sustainable human settlements and improving quality of household life. For this reason, many
initiatives such as legislative frameworks, policies and programmes to drive housing delivery
have been established since 1994 and millions of rands have been used to implement such
initiatives. However, housing delivery remains a challenge. Thus, the researcher sought to
investigate the viability of rural housing finance in creating sustainable human settlement in
rural areas, with special focus on Moletlane Village as a case study. Like many rural areas in
SA, Moletlane village is still faced with a challenge of housing delivery.
This study was conducted within the interpretive qualitative paradigm. Techniques to collect
data focused on questionnaires and interviews for validity purposes and to counter
subjectivity. For the survey, 100 participants were purposefully selected based on their
knowledge and their expertise in rural housing finance. The survey was followed by in-depth
interviews with key personnel of Moletlane Village and a few ordinary community members
to verify and complete some answers. The researcher used data collected to draw findings
and made recommendations. The foremost findings revealed that rural housing finance plays a major role in rural
development as it provides people with the opportunity of improving their houses and rescues
them from living in substandard conditions. The overall sentiments from the respondents are
that rural housing finance has led to an increase in the economic activity and job creation
which is a solid foundation for the creation of sustainable human settlements. This study has established a link between rural housing finance and rural development. It is
clear from the findings that participants believe in rural housing finance and value it. They
see it as a good strategy to liberate their lives and of realising sustainable human settlement.
However, they all acknowledged that institutions that provide housing finance are not doing
much to assist rural households and that there is a gap in as far as rural housing finance is
concerned. Almost all of them indicated their wish to see rural housing finance across the
country. Moreover, they are of the opinion that a paradigm shift is required to tackle the rural
housing finance shortfall. Hence, the study present to policy makers and government a set of
recommendations discussed in full in chapter 6. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Volhoubare menslike nedersettings veral vir die armes, is van deurslaggewende belang in
Suid-Afrika. Dit is as gevolg die ruimtelike afbakenings van apartheid dat die swart
bevolkingsgroepe van die wit minderheid gesegregeer is en hulle gelyke toegang tot
ekonomiese geleenthede, behuising, asook basiese en maatskaplike dienste ontneem is
(Smeddle-Thompson, 2012). Die meeste huishoudings kan nie bekostig om in ordentlike
huise te woon of bekostig om goedgeleë grond te besit nie. Gevolglik staar die taak van
behuisingsverskaffing die regering in die gesig. Vele wetgewende raamwerke, beleide en
programme om aan behuisingsverskaffing te voldoen, is sedert 1994 in die lewe geroep.
Miljoene rand is gebruik om behuisingverskaffing te implementeer, tog bly
behuisingsverskaffing ’n uitdaging. Hierdie navorsing ondersoek die haalbaarheid van
landelike behuisingsfinansiering deur volhoubare menslike nedersettings in landelike gebiede
te skep, met spesiale fokus op Moletlane Village as ’n gevalle-studie.
Hierdie studie is ’n gevalle-studie wat binne die interpretatiewe kwalitatiewe paradigma
uitgevoer is. Tegnieke wat gebruik is om data in te samel het op vraelyste en onderhoude
gefokus vir die doel van geldigheid en om subjektiwiteit teen te werk. Vir die opname is 100
deelnemers doelbewus gekies, gebaseer op hulle kennis en sommiges vanweë hulle
kundigheid in landelike behuisingsfinansiering. Die opname is gevolg deur deurdringende
onderhoude met sleutelpersoneel van Moletlane Village en ’n paar gewone gemeenskapslede
te voer om sommige antwoorde te kontroleer en te voltooi. Data wat ingesamel is, is gebruik
vir bevindinge en om voorstelle te maak. Bevindinge het openbaar dat daar ’n groot aanvraag vir landelike behuisingsfinansiering is.
Dit speel ’n belangrike rol in landelike ontwikkeling, want dit plaas landelike mense op
dieselfde vlak as diegene in townships en voorstede. Dit maak dit moontlik vir landelike
mense om kwaliteit behuising met spoeltoilette, lopende water, warmwatersilinders, sanitasie
en ander geriewe te hê wat as vreemd vir landelike gebiede voorkom. Die algehele
sentimente van die respondente is dat landelike behuisingsfinansiering tot ’n toename in
ekonomiese aktiwiteit en werkverskaffing gelei het, wat as ’n vaste grondslag dien vir die
skepping van volhoubare menslike nedersettings. Oor die algemeen het landelike behuising
lewens verander, mense van die vernedering gespaar wat onder gesubstandaardiseerde
omstandighede lewe en sodoende die waardigheid van die mense herstel. Dit word bewys dat instellings wat behuisingsfinansiering verskaf, nie veel doen om
landelike huishoudings te help nie, maar indien hulle hul daartoe verbind, kan hulle die
behuisingsfinansiële mark uitbrei. Deur hierdie navorsing, is ’n skakel tussen landelike
behuisingsfinansiering en landelike ontwikkeling teweeggebring. As gevolg hiervan, is ’n
aantal aanbevelings in hierdie studie gemaak wat breedvoerig in hoofstuk 6 bespreek word.
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Natural resource harvesting and disturbance in communal lands: assessing the roles of local ecological knowledge, dependency and market accessSteele, Melita Zoë January 2008 (has links)
A great deal of research has demonstrated that Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) play a crucial role in the livelihoods of the rural poor, and are particularly important to the most marginalised people throughout the developing world. However, these livelihood benefits are not without cost to the natural resource base that rural communities depend so heavily upon. The continued dependence on NTFPs as a major livelihood source must be contingent upon the minimisation of the level of disturbance created through this dependency. This study assesses the level of disturbance created through natural resource harvesting in eight study sites around South Africa, and applies a predictive conceptual model created by Shankaar et al. (2004b) to try and ascertain under what conditions the level of disturbance created through natural resource harvesting will be high. It assesses the three key factors that Shankaar et al. (2004b) identified (level of Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK), level of dependency and access to markets) in relation to the level of disturbance found at each of the study sites. It was found that there was a statistically significant relationship between the level of dependency and the level of disturbance, but there was no statistically significant relationship between either access to markets or the level of LEK and disturbance. Regulation of land use is a key issue, with weak local institutions in communal areas making effective resource management difficult. The significance of these findings is discussed, and priorities for future research are identified. This study adds to the body of knowledge related to NTFP harvesting and critically analyses the conflicts between the livelihood gains and the level of disturbance created through NTFP harvesting in an attempt to ascertain how livelihoods can be safeguarded. And in the longer-term, so that management strategies can be identified where resource extraction is not at the cost of undermining the very livelihoods that depend upon the natural resource base.
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Application of the sustainable livelihoods framework to the analysis of the Provincial Growth and Development Plan of the Eastern Cape: a case study of the Massive Food Production Programme in Nkonkobe Municipality and Buffalo City MunicipalityDirwayi, Tafadzwa P January 2010 (has links)
The Government of the Eastern Cape Province introduced the Massive Food Production programme, which is a cornerstone within the agrarian reform initiative of the Provincial Growth and Development Plan (PGDP). The programme has been going on for more than seven years, however little has been documented on its impact. The main objective of the study was to investigate the impact of the Massive Food Production Programme on the livelihoods in Nkonkobe Municipality. This study did not only investigate its impact on the participants but also assessed its impact on the recipient communities. Accordingly, the specific objectives of the study were to investigate the impact of the Massive Food Programme on the asset base of participants, the general livelihood activities, and the livelihood outcomes. Among other livelihood activities, the study made an in-depth investigation on the impact of the Massive Food Production Programme on maize crop production. This is because the Massive Food Production was aimed at maize crop production. Previous studies investigated on the indicators of success that can be used to measure the impact of this programme. After the wide-ranging evaluation of views, arguments and research findings, a model to measure impact of the programme was designed. The asset base improvement was used as the proxy of impact. Nine factors were selected from the principal component analysis of the many factors that were taken to affect participation. Three other dummy variables to proximate location, participation and group turnover were added to the regression model that was developed to measure impact. The DFID Sustainable Livelihood Framework was used to investigate the impact of the Massive Food Production Programme. This approach was used in both conceptualizing the study and the selection of variables. The DFID Sustainable Livelihood Approach was selected because unlike the CARE or UNDP Sustainable Livelihood models, it was designed for such purposes. Data collection was accomplished through observation, interviewing, and focus group discussions. The researcher also made use of project annual reports on change of livelihoods, baseline survey reports, project log frame, internal reports, work plans, budgets and mid-term evaluation reports as sources of secondary data. v The research findings were analysed using several analytical procedures, including the conventional descriptive statistics, principal components analysis, and linear regression analysis. The use of the different types of analysis was driven by the research questions under investigation and the theories on which they are based, and by the available data. The study revealed that to some extent the Massive Food Production Programme has managed to improve the asset base of the farmers. However, its impact on ensuring food security is still debatable. Findings of the study revealed that most of the participants and the non-participants communities experienced food shortages in the last season 2007/8 for at most three months. The study revealed that the highest agricultural income is from livestock sales. The varying locations showed the potential of livestock production. It is recommended that development agencies consider livestock production as an agricultural strategy with immense potential for enhancing sustaining rural livelihoods
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The emergence and development of the Balemirui Project in the North West Province : insights into prospects and challenges of land reform in South AfricaMokgupi, Kelebamang Winnie 02 1900 (has links)
Introduction: Land reform is one of the consistently debated, complex and contested subjects in the South African development discourse. Many impoverished communities have been dispossessed of their land during the colonial past. Indicators, measures and evidence of success in land reform are scant, anecdotal and poorly documented.
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine whether land reform in South Africa can indeed yield positive development outcomes. In the absence of clear indicators to measure successful land reform, the researcher uses case study methodology to evaluate the impact of land reform on a particular community, the Barolong-Balemirui Project in the North West Province.
Methodology: Generic Qualitative methods are used to collect and analyse data collected from (n=45) participants. Within this, multiple data collection approaches that include document analysis, informal discussions and unstructured interviews were utilised to gain insights into the role played by South African land reform across a range of developmental outcome areas.
Findings: The study found that land reform could indeed, produce positive development among the impoverished communities in South Africa. This empirical exploration also highlights that the success of land reform programmes and projects depends on many interlinked variables which include enabling policies; the availability of support from development institutions; the private sector and the state, the commitment of the beneficiaries in utilising the land for development purposes as well as the appropriateness of the identified development objectives. The development inputs and outputs of a successful land reform project are therefore multifaceted and complex.
Conclusion: This study emphasises the importance of the participation of beneficiaries in the evaluation of land reform projects to determine real and lasting developmental impact. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)
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Livelihoods and natural resource use along the rural-urban continuumWard, Catherine Dale January 2013 (has links)
Over the last century, developing countries have undergone rapid urbanisation resulting in marked social, economic and environmental changes. Africa is the least urbanised continent in the world but trends indicate that it is also the most rapidly urbanising region, accompanied by rising urban poverty. Urbanisation processes are often most pronounced in smaller urban centres since they experience the most severe pressures of population growth. Little is known about the role natural resources play along the rural-urban continuum and even less is known about the contribution of these resources within an urban context, particularly in small urban centres. In many sub-Saharan African cities, urban agriculture (the informal production of food in urban areas) has been used as a strategy to cope with increasing poverty levels but its role remains widely debated and uncertain. This thesis seeks to analyse the impacts of urbanisation on livelihoods and natural resource use, including home gardening and the collection of wild resources, in two South African towns and data was collected along the rural-urban continuum in Queenstown (Eastern Cape province) and Phalaborwa (Limpopo Province). Practices and contributions associated with agriculture and wild resource use were found to be significantly higher in Phalaborwa and this could be attributed to favourable environmental conditions and accessibility to wild resources due to the surrounding Mopani Bushveld. Rural households in Queenstown and Phalaborwa were more reliant on natural resources than their urban counterparts, but still diverse and incorporated a number of land-based and cash income generating strategies. Urban households tended to rely on one primary cash income strategy such as wage employment or state grants. However, natural resources did appear to play a subtle role in urban settings and particularly in the townships, where exclusion of natural resource contributions saw poverty levels increase up to 5%. Home gardening was practised by a wide range of people and not restricted to any one income group and, not surprisingly, wealthy cultivators who had access to resources such as land, water and fertilizer enjoyed increased benefits such as high produce yields. The results obtained suggest that rural-urban dynamics are complex and natural resource use in local livelihoods is contextualised within environmental settings, social preferences and historical contexts. Increasing pressures from the influx of people into small urban centres calls for a better understanding to how these processes are affecting livelihoods and natural resources to ensure sustainable management in the future.
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