O presente trabalho se propõe a esboçar a primeira apresentação em língua portuguesa de uma das mais importantes figuras do pensamento, letras e educação da Rússia, absolutamente central em seu desenvolvimento técnico, científico e literário, Mikhail Vassílievitch Lomonóssov. Nele, juntamente com uma introdução provendo uma contextualização geral do século XVIII russo, seguida de um panorama biográfico do polímata centrado em sua produção literária e findada em um relato sobre sua contribuição para a formação da língua russa moderna, são apresentadas as traduções integrais de quatro obras suas na área das letras, duas das quais poemas longos acrescidos de comentários, bem como outras traduções secundárias ilustrativas da primeira parte. / The goal of the present work is to provide a sketch presenting for the first time in Portuguese language one of the most important individuals in Russian thought, language and education, who played a fundamental role in the technological, scientific and literary development of the country, Mikhail Vasilievitch Lomonosov. Here, along with an introduction containing a general outline of 18th century Russia, followed by a biographical overview of the polymath and ending in an account of his main contributions to the shaping of the modern Russian language, four full translations of his works in the realm of letters are presented, two of which duly commented long poems, as well as minor secondary translations, illustrating the first part.

Considerato, in generale, l’impatto sempre più massiccio e pervasivo che le tecnologie hanno sulla vita di tutti i giorni e partendo dal presupposto del valore aggiunto derivante dall’impiego delle tecnologie per l’educazione linguistica, in questo lavoro dapprima abbiamo fatto alcune considerazioni in merito a tecnologie e apprendimento/insegnamento linguistico, soffermandoci su Internet e sui media digitali (Capitolo 1), quindi abbiamo selezionato, analizzato e organizzato, in forma di repertorio, diverse risorse online, gratuite, per l’apprendimento/insegnamento del russo (Capitolo 7). L’idea di realizzare un repertorio dei siti Internet e delle risorse è nata dall’intento di creare uno strumento utile, sia ai discenti, sia ai docenti. In particolare, nella prima parte di questo studio abbiamo proposto l’uso di alcune risorse online per presentare l’alfabeto russo (Capitolo 2) e per lo sviluppo della competenza fonologica (Capitolo 3), lessicale (Capitolo 4), morfosintattica (Capitolo 5) e testuale (Capitolo 6). Nella seconda parte, invece, una volta analizzate le caratteristiche di alcune modalità di apprendimento, in presenza, a distanza e in rete (FaD, e-learning, blended learning, didattica 2.0) e delineati i nuovi scenari di apprendimento, tra formale e informale (Capitolo 8), abbiamo realizzato due proposte didattiche, una in ambito universitario (Capitolo 9) e una in ambito scolastico (Capitolo 10), che prevedono sia esperienze di apprendimento collaborativo in rete, sia l’utilizzo di tecnologie e risorse online. / The influence of technologies on everyday life, as it emerges clearly, is increasingly pervasive. Assuming that the use of technologies adds a certain value to language education, in this dissertation we first considered some connections between technologies and learning and teaching languages, in particular dwelling upon Internet and media education (Chapter 1). Then we selected and analysed several websites and free online resources dealing with the Russian language. The result of this work is the inventory of websites and online resources, which we conceived as a useful tool for students and teachers of Russian as a foreign language (Chapter 7). In detail, in the first part of this research work we suggested some online resources to teach absolute beginners the Russian alphabet (Chapter 2) and to develop different competences and skills: phonological (Chapter 3), lexical (Chapter 4), morphological and syntactical (Chapter 5), and textual (Chapter 6). Whereas, in the second part, we dealt with the main characteristics of various types of learning (face-to-face, distance and online learning, blended learning, formal and informal learning etc.) (Chapter 8). In addition we developed two different proposals, the first for University level (Chapter 9), the second conceived for the school classroom (Chapter 10). Our proposals are based on both experiences of collaborative learning and on the use of technologies and online resources.

Lo scopo principale di questo lavoro è stato quello di determinare, tramite una ricerca sperimentale sull’acquisizione del russo da parte di italofoni, come la struttura del discorso e la gerarchizzazione sintattica si collocano reciprocamente sull’asse tra linguospecificità e universalità. Per questo è stato creato un corpus (4101 clausole) di racconti narrativi scritti in russo L2, russo L1 e italiano L1, che è stato analizzato in termini di scelte preferenziali dei parlanti. Sono state confrontate le dinamiche acquisizionali tra vari gruppi di parlanti in base al seguente criterio: “più un livello è linguospecifico, più è resistente all’acquisizione delle norme della seconda lingua”. I risultati della ricerca hanno dimostrato che la struttura del discorso oppone più resistenza all’acquisizione delle norme della seconda lingua rispetto alla gerarchizzazione sintattica. Ciò suggerisce che la prima, che è il livello linguistico più vicino al pensiero, è più linguospecifica dell’ultima, e che quindi la linguospecificità del livello del discorso è maggiore di zero. Inoltre nel corpus sono state rilevate evidenze che sostengono che l’uso della lingua è strutturato e la sua struttura è linguospecifica, e che probabilmente il thinking for speaking viene formato non tanto dalle caratteristiche formali della lingua madre quanto dalle specifiche del suo uso. / The goal of this thesis is to position discourse structure and macro-syntax on the axis between language specificity and language universality through an experimental investigation of the acquisition of the Russian language by italophones. To conduct my research, I collected a 4,101-clause corpus of written narratives in Russian L2, Russian L1 and Italian L1, and I analyzed it from the point of view of the speakers’ preferential choices. I compared the acquisition dynamics within different groups of speakers using the following criterion: “more a phenomenon is resistant to the acquisition of the second language norms, more it is language specific”. My research indicated that preferences on the discourse level are more resistant than those on the macro-syntactic level. This suggests that the former, which is the linguistic level closest to thought, is more language specific than the latter, and that thereby the language specificity of the discourse level is greater than zero. I also provide evidence that the habitual structures of the linguistic use are language specific, and that the phenomenon of first language thinking in second language speaking is more significantly impacted by the specifics of the language use than by the formal structure of the mother tongue.

Study abroad programs are a common component of many foreign language programs across the United States. Of these university-based study abroad programs, short-term language-focused programs are becoming increasingly popular in the United States. Despite the growing popularity of short-term study abroad programs, there is little research on students’ sociocultural experiences under these short, intensive language-immersion conditions. Relatively few studies have addressed the issue of gender in the study abroad context. Brecht et al. in their longitudinal study on the effects of a study abroad stay on language proficiency gains in Russian found that gender was one of the significant predictors of language learning. The impact of gender on the process of second language and culture acquisition becomes particularly important in countries like Russia where perception and construction of gender roles is very different from that in the United States. These gender-related differences may cause students to have negative attitudes towards the Russian language and culture. Students belonging to ethnic minorities have different study abroad experiences from students who belong to the ethnic majority or mainstream culture. In the rise of terrorist attacks administered by Chechen separatists on the territory of Russia in the past several years, native Russians are becoming less tolerant with representatives of ethnic minorities and therefore, more suspicious and hostile towards individuals with non-Caucasian features. Being constantly racially-profiled can turn an otherwise pleasant language and culture learning experience into a nightmare. A better understanding of how race and ethnicity affect learning processes in a study abroad setting will result in rethinking of how learners’ differences (and the outcomes of those differences) enter the formal language teaching curriculum. The present study investigates how American college students visiting Russia on a five-week-long study abroad program perceive and describe their cultural, gender, and ethnic experiences. The results of this ethnographic case study are analyzed through the lens of critical theory that argues that human society is essentially oppressive and that societal inequality is reproduced through the dominant ideology. / text

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O presente trabalho se propõe a esboçar a primeira apresentação em língua portuguesa de uma das mais importantes figuras do pensamento, letras e educação da Rússia, absolutamente central em seu desenvolvimento técnico, científico e literário, Mikhail Vassílievitch Lomonóssov. Nele, juntamente com uma introdução provendo uma contextualização geral do século XVIII russo, seguida de um panorama biográfico do polímata centrado em sua produção literária e findada em um relato sobre sua contribuição para a formação da língua russa moderna, são apresentadas as traduções integrais de quatro obras suas na área das letras, duas das quais poemas longos acrescidos de comentários, bem como outras traduções secundárias ilustrativas da primeira parte. / The goal of the present work is to provide a sketch presenting for the first time in Portuguese language one of the most important individuals in Russian thought, language and education, who played a fundamental role in the technological, scientific and literary development of the country, Mikhail Vasilievitch Lomonosov. Here, along with an introduction containing a general outline of 18th century Russia, followed by a biographical overview of the polymath and ending in an account of his main contributions to the shaping of the modern Russian language, four full translations of his works in the realm of letters are presented, two of which duly commented long poems, as well as minor secondary translations, illustrating the first part.

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Práce se věnuje managementu bilingvismu v situaci jazykového posunu, tj. tomu, jak se jednotlivci a organizace chovají vůči dvojjazyčnosti, jak s ní zacházejí, a to v situaci, kdy společnost přechází od užívání jednoho jazyka k jazyku jinému. Práce se konkrétně zaměřuje na vybrané, dosud méně zkoumané aspekty současné jazykové situace v Bělorusku. Analyzované aspekty zahrnují: 1) geosémiotiku a management jazykového posunu na nápisech ve veřejném prostoru, 2) management jazykových problémů se zaměřením na školství a 3) snahy o obrácený jazykový posun k běloruštině. Pozornost se přitom věnuje korespondencím mezi jazykovým managementem občanů a státních nebo jiných veřejných organizací. Cílem práce je přispět jak k lepšímu poznání jazykové situace v Bělorusku, tak k rozpracování některých sociolingvistických konceptů, jako je zejména jazykový posun a jazykový problém. Práce aplikuje teorii jazykového managementu jako obecný model jazykového posunu a jako instrument k diagnostikaci jazykových problémů. Při aplikaci teorie v uvedených kontextech se ukázalo jako užitečné rozšířit ji o koncept diskurzu a kolektivního jednání, které pomůžou konceptualizovat propojení mezi jednoduchým a organizovaným jazykovým managementem, respektive mezi mikrosociální a makrosociální rovinou. Klíčová slova bilingvismus,...

Проведенное исследование посвящено изучению event-технологий в методике преподавания русского языка как иностранного на примере фестиваля русского языка «Кириллица-Fest». В первой главе изучены точки зрения специалистов на наиболее распространенные подходы к обучению иностранным языкам, в частности, русскому. В практической части рассмотрены российско-монгольские отношения, статус русского языка в Монголии, подробно проанализирован фестиваль русского языка «Кириллица-Fest» на соответствие критериям event-мероприятия. Описаны принципы и приемы обучения русскому языку в рамках фестиваля. Практическая польза работы заключается в потенциале задействования данной методики в подобных образовательных мероприятиях. / The research is focused on review of event-technologies in the methodic of teaching Russian as a foreign language on the example of «Cyrillic-Fest». The first part examines the views of specialists on the most common approaches to teaching foreign languages, especially Russian. The practical part adresses Russian-Mongolian relations, the status of the Russian language in Mongolia, festival of the Russian language and its conform to the criteria of event-technologies. The principles and techniques of teaching the Russian language in the framework of the festival are described. The practical benefit is in the potential for involving this technique in educational events.

Данное диссертационное исследование посвящено компаративному анализу репрезентации дуальных концептов «жизнь» и «смерть» в паремиологическом фонде английского и русского языков. Работа выполнена в русле актуальных исследований в области когнитивной лингвистики и лингвокультурологии. Основным предметом исследования культурные особенности и различия реализации концептов «жизнь» и «смерть» в паремиологическом фонде английского и русского языков, а главным материалом исследования послужили пословицы и поговорки английского и русского языка, репрезентующие концепты «жизнь» – «смерть». В результате семантического анализа паремиологических единиц были сформулированы когнитивные признаки дуальных концептов «жизнь» и «смерть» в паремиологическом фонде английского и русского языков, большая часть из которых является национально-специфическими, т.е. имеющимися только в одном из исследуемых паремиологических фондов. В результате выполнения сопоставительного анализа удалось выявить культурно-национальные особенности и различия паремиологического фонда английского и русского языков, а именно те когнитивные признаки дуальных концептов «жизнь» и «смерть», которые были выявлены только в одном языке и таким образом являются отличительными, характерными только для одной из анализируемых лингвокультур. / This dissertation research is devoted to the comparative analysis of the representation of the dual concepts "life" and "death" in the paremiological fund of the English and Russian languages. The work is carried out in line with current research in the field of cognitive linguistics and linguoculturology. Russian and English proverbs and sayings representing the concepts "life" and "death" are the main subject of the study, and the main research material is the proverbs and sayings of the English and Russian languages that represent the concepts "life" and "death". As a result of semantic analysis of paremiological units, cognitive features of the dual concepts "life" and "death" in the paremiological fund of English and Russian languages were formulated, most of which are national-specific, i.e. available only in one of the studied paremiological funds. As a result of the comparative analysis, cultural and national features and differences in the paremiological fund of the English and Russian languages were identified, namely, those cognitive features of the dual concepts "life" and "death " that were identified only in one language and thus are distinctive only for one of the analyzed linguistic cultures.