Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:59:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 453098.pdf: 474247 bytes, checksum: 10fc86b156f20e478aff23c4bfac8b12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-11 / The development of new materials for CO2 capture and transformation is of great importance to the use of fossil resources, preserving the environment. In this context, ionic liquids represent an environmentally friendly alternative, because they have negligible vapor pressure and can be reused. However, their CO2 absorption capacity not surpasses traditional solvents and their use as homogeneous catalysts in transformation processes of CO2 requires additional distillation process which increases the cost. Looking for enhance the application of ILs in these areas, in the present study were synthesized poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) from polyurethane and the ionic liquid 1-butyl chloride-3-methylimidazolium (BMIM Cl), which were characterized structural (IR, NMR), thermal (DSC, TGA) and morphology (SEM); also nanoparticles of these were synthesized by multiple emulsification followed by solvent evaporation, and also characterized. These materials were evaluated in the process of CO2 capture and transformation of this gas in cyclic carbonate through cycloaddition reaction with propylene oxide. In capture assays, the PILs showed highest sorption capacity of CO2 than the IL precursor (BMIM Cl) and PU departure; the NP obtained for these, although they were obtained aggregated, showed faster rates of sorption. In the carbonation reactions PILs presented propylene oxide conversion values approximate to those obtained for BMIM Cl, moreover were easily separated by precipitation-filtration. Therefore, the PILs evaluated in this study showed positive results for its use in the process of capturing and processing CO2. / O desenvolvimento de novos materiais para captura e transforma??o de CO2 ? de grande import?ncia para o aproveitamento dos recursos f?sseis, preservando o meio ambiente. Neste contexto, os l?quidos i?nicos representam uma alternativa ambientalmente amig?vel, pois estes t?m press?o de vapor desprez?vel e podem ser reutilizados. Contudo, a sua capacidade de absor??o de CO2 ainda n?o supera os solventes tradicionais e sua aplica??o como catalisadores homog?neos na transforma??o de CO2 requer processos adicionais de destila??o o qual encarece o processo. Buscando potencializar a aplica??o dos LIs nestas ?reas, no presente trabalho foram sintetizados poli(l?quidos i?nicos) (PLIs), a partir de poliuretano e o liquido i?nico cloreto de 1-butil-3-metil imidazolio (BMIM Cl), os quais foram caracterizados estrutural (IV, RMN), t?rmica (DSC, TGA) e morfologicamente (MEV); al?m disso, foram sintetizadas nanopart?culas destes PLIs, mediante emulsifica??o m?ltipla seguida de evapora??o de solvente, e caracterizadas igualmente. Estes materiais foram avaliados nos processos de captura de CO2 e transforma??o deste g?s em carbonato c?clico, mediante rea??o de cicloadi??o com oxido de propileno. Nos ensaios de captura, os poli(l?quidos i?nicos) apresentaram maior capacidade de sor??o de CO2 do que o LI precursor (BMIM Cl) e o PU de partida; as NP obtidas destes, embora tenham sido obtidas agregadas, apresentaram taxas de sor??o mais r?pidas. Nas rea??es de carbonata??o os PLIs apresentaram valores de convers?o de oxido de propileno aproximados aos obtidos para o BMIM Cl, alem disso foram facilmente separados por precipita??o-filtra??o. Por tanto, os PLIs avaliados neste estudo apresentaram resultados favor?veis para seu uso nos processos de captura e transforma??o de CO2.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:59:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 466515.pdf: 2196084 bytes, checksum: 5f6d7c75b5387e4577daf1a339454354 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Gas hydrates are solids formed by crystal structures similar to ice, which may form when the water is in contact with low weight molecular gases (such as H2S, CO2, NH3 and/or light hydrocarbons), under certain conditions of temperature and pressure. Several studies show that gas hydrates may be a wide source of natural gas in the future, especially considering the fact that oil production tends to decline due to the high cost involved, which makes the interest in alternative sources, such as natural gas derived from unconventional sources, grow. However, in order to make gas hydrate exploitation possible, it's necessary to know how they are formed and what are the conditions that provide stability and dissociation. Different apparatus have been used to obtain gas hydrate. In this scenario, the present paper aims to use a unique system called Pilot Plant Synthesis of Gas Hydrates to synthesize different hydrates, with different compositions, in various reaction conditions. It is noticed that the present study was based on the synthesis of hydrates with its precipitation of at larger scales. The methane hydrates were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, Gas Chromatograph and Gas Chromatography Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer. / Os hidratos de g?s s?o s?lidos formados por estruturas cristalinas, semelhantes ao gelo, que podem se formar quando h? ?gua em contato com gases de baixo peso molecular (tais como: H2S, CO2, NH3 e/ou hidrocarbonetos leves), sob determinadas condi??es de press?o e temperatura. Diversos estudos mostram que os hidratos de g?s poder?o ser uma vasta fonte de g?s natural considerando, especialmente, o fato da produ??o de petr?leo estar propensa a diminuir, em raz?o do elevado custo desta atividade, o que faz crescer o interesse por outras fontes, como o g?s natural derivado de fontes n?o convencionais. Entretanto, para que a explora??o do g?s do hidrato seja poss?vel, faz-se necess?rio conhecer a maneira como estes s?o formados e quais s?o as condi??es que propiciam a sua estabilidade e dissocia??o. Diferentes aparatos j? foram utilizados para a obten??o dos hidratos de g?s at? os dias de hoje. Neste cen?rio, o presente trabalho se prop?e a utilizar um sistema in?dito (denominado Planta Piloto de S?ntese de Hidratos de G?s) para sintetizar diferentes hidratos de g?s, com diferentes composi??es dentro de variadas condi??es reacionais. Salienta-se que este estudo foi baseado na s?ntese de hidratos de metano, com a precipita??o dos mesmos em maiores escalas. Os hidratos de metano foram caracterizados atrav?s da difratometria de raios-X, na cromatografia gasosa e cromatografia gasosa acoplada ? Espectrometria de Massa de raz?o isot?pica.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-07-26T14:25:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_MARCOS_VINICIUS_FORTES_ALBA_COMPLETO.pdf: 1333852 bytes, checksum: c687fbcabc052faa5ed3567c986640e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-26T14:25:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_MARCOS_VINICIUS_FORTES_ALBA_COMPLETO.pdf: 1333852 bytes, checksum: c687fbcabc052faa5ed3567c986640e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / Nuclear Medicine enables, among other things, the visualization, characterization and quantification of biochemical processes, metabolism, biomarkers and receptors in vivo by molecular imaging. One of the methods of functional imaging available in this area is Positron Emission Tomography (PET), which depends on the administration of a radiopharmaceutical in the studied organism. One disease that can be studied by PET scan is multiple sclerosis (MS) through the access to the TSPO (Translocator protein) receptors density. The radiopharmaceutical [11C]-(R) -PK11195 has high affinity and selectivity for these receptors, which are increased in activated microglia cells in the case of MS. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and to validate the production process (synthesis, purification and quality control) of the radiotracer [11C]-(R)-PK11195 in the Radiopharmaceutical Production Center of the Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), allowing performing PET scans for the study of MS. The radioisotope was produced in the 16 MeV PETrace cyclotron (GE Healthcare) as [11C]CO2 via the nuclear reaction 14N (p, ?)11C after the bombardment of a gaseous target containing N2 and 0.5% of O2 with protons. The production was performed in the equipment TRACERlab FX-C Pro (GE Healthcare) to meet the requirements of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). The radiopharmaceutical quality control was carried out at the BraIns Quality Control Laboratory and the final product was tested for Identity and Radionuclidic Purity, Radiochemical Purity, Specific Activity, Residual Solvents, pH, Sterility, the Filtration Membrane Integrity and Bacterial Endotoxins. The synthesis was performed through the methylation of the precursor (R)-[N-desmethyl]PK11195 using [11C]CH3I (methyl iodide labeled with carbon-11) under the defined optimal conditions: 400 uL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), approximately 1 mg of precursor, approximately 10 mg of potassium hydroxide (KOH) at 40 ?C for 1 minute. The reaction mixture was then neutralized with 1 mol.L-1 hydrochloric acid and diluted with mobile phase (76% acetonitrile and 24% Milli-Q water). The diluted mixture was injected into a semi-preparative HPLC system for purification. Solid phase extraction (through Sep-Pak C18 cartridges - Waters) was used to remove the solvent. Product elution and formulation was conducted with 0.7 mL of ethanol and 6.3 ml of 0.9% saline (sterile and pyrogen free). Sterilization was performed by filtration on a 0.22 ?m pore membrane and, as well as the filling process, was carried out under laminar flow. The process steps could be optimized and fitted to the equipments and laboratories structure. Radiochemical yield of the process in relation to the [11C ]CH3I start activity was 15.5 ? 2.4 % ( 7471.5 ? 1283.8 MBq ; n = 39 ) . All batches were approved according to the specifications defined and tested in the quality control, reaching Radiochemical Purity levels greater than 99% and a Specific Activity of 39.7 ? 11.1 GBq / micromol , 10 minutes before the injection. All analytical methods were validated and met the requirements established by current regulations. Three consecutive batches were produced and approved by the quality control, so the process could be considered validated. The developed process was suitable for production of adequate doses of the radiopharmaceutical [11C]-(R)-PK11195 for clinical use at BraIns. The production of the radiopharmaceutical labeled with carbon-11 at the institute provides an additional tool for improving health services in the country and to improve the life quality of the patients. / A medicina nuclear possibilita, dentre outras coisas, a visualiza??o, caracteriza??o e quantifica??o de processos bioqu?micos, metab?licos, biomarcadores e receptores, in vivo, atrav?s da imagem molecular. Dentre as modalidades de imagem funcional dispon?veis nesta ?rea est? a Tomografia por Emiss?o de P?sitrons (PET), que depende da administra??o de um radiof?rmaco no organismo estudado. Uma das doen?as pass?veis de estudo atrav?s do exame PET ? a esclerose m?ltipla (EM), atrav?s do acesso ? densidade de receptores TSPO (Prote?na Translocadora). O radiof?rmaco [11C]-(R)-PK11195 possui alta afinidade e seletividade por estes receptores, aumentados nas c?lulas ativadas da micr?glia nos casos de EM. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar o processo produtivo (s?ntese, purifica??o e controle de qualidade) do radiof?rmaco [11C]-(R)-PK11195 no Centro de Produ??o de Radiof?rmacos do Instituto do C?rebro do RS (InsCer), possibilitando a realiza??o de exames PET para o estudo da EM. O radiois?topo foi produzido no C?clotron PETrace 16 MeV (GE Healthcare) na forma de [11C]CO2 atrav?s da rea??o nuclear 14N(p,?)11C, por meio do bombardeamento com pr?tons do alvo gasoso contento N2 e 0,5 % de O2. A produ??o foi realizada no equipamento TRACERlab FX-C pro (GE Healthcare) atendendo ?s exig?ncias de Boas Pr?ticas de Fabrica??o (BPF). O controle de qualidade do radiof?rmaco foi realizado no Laborat?rio de Controle de Qualidade do InsCer e o produto acabado foi submetido ?s an?lises de Identidade e Pureza Radionucl?dica, Pureza Radioqu?mica, Atividade Espec?fica, Solventes Residuais, pH, Esterilidade, Integridade da Membrana Filtrante e Teor de Endotoxinas. A s?ntese foi realizada atrav?s da metila??o do precursor (R)-[N-desmetil]PK11195 utilizando o [11C]CH3I (iodeto de metila marcado com carbono-11) sob as condi??es ?timas definidas: 400 ?L de dimetilsulf?xido (DMSO), aproximadamente 1 mg de precursor, aproximadamente 10 mg de hidr?xido de pot?ssio (KOH), a 40 ?C durante 1 minuto. A mistura de rea??o foi posteriormente neutralizada com ?cido clor?drico 1 mol.L-1 e dilu?da com fase m?vel (acetonitrila 76 % e ?gua Milli-Q 24 %). A mistura dilu?da foi injetada em sistema CLAE semi-preparativo para purifica??o. Extra??o de fase s?lida (atrav?s de cartuchos SepPak C18 ? Waters) foi utilizada para remo??o do solvente. A elui??o e formula??o do produto foi realizada com 0,7 mL de etanol e 6,3 mL de solu??o salina 0,9 % (est?ril e livre de pirog?nios). A esteriliza??o foi realizada atrav?s de filtra??o em membrana de poro de 0,22 ?m e, assim como o envase, ocorreu em fluxo laminar. As etapas do processo foram otimizadas e adequadas aos equipamentos e estrutura dos laborat?rios. O rendimento radioqu?mico do processo em rela??o ? atividade de [11C]CH3I de partida foi de 15,5?2,4 % (7471,5?1283,8 MBq; n=39). Todos os lotes produzidos foram aprovados quanto ?s especifica??es definidas e testadas no controle de qualidade, atingindo Pureza Radioqu?mica maior que 99 % e uma Atividade Espec?fica de 39,7?11,1 GBq/?mol, 10 minutos antes da inje??o. Todas as metodologias anal?ticas foram validadas e atenderam os crit?rios estabelecidos pela norma vigente. Tr?s lotes consecutivos foram produzidos e aprovados no controle de qualidade e o processo p?de ser considerado validado. O processo desenvolvido se mostrou adequado para produ??o do radiof?rmaco [11C]-(R)-PK11195 em doses suficientes para realiza??o de exames em pacientes no InsCer. A produ??o do radiof?rmaco marcado com carbono-11 no instituto disponibiliza mais uma ferramenta para melhoria dos servi?os de sa?de no pa?s e para melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-08-25T11:59:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 474057 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1517260 bytes, checksum: 1d622d94e3f6f6c0eb26eeb6bbca2dc8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-25T11:59:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 474057 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1517260 bytes, checksum: 1d622d94e3f6f6c0eb26eeb6bbca2dc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-06 / The need for the synthesis improvement resulting in process less aggressive to the environment and the use of reusable raw materials are some of the principles of Green Chemistry. Thus, the goal of this work was to study an alternative route of dimethyl carbonate synthesis from CO2, using the working conditions of a CO2 capture plant for the pre-combustion process. Different ionic liquid imidazolium and pyridine cations combined with the anions [Cl]-, [BF4]-, [PF6]-, and [NTf2]- were tested as catalysts. The characterization of the produced ionic liquid was carried out using infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proton (1H-NMR) confirming that the structure of these materials. The purity was determined by assay of the residual chlorides. For the dimethyl carbonate identification and quantification a gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was used.For optimizing synthesis parameters were tested the temperatures of 140 ?C and 175 ?C and reaction time of 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, as well as changes in the cation of the ionic liquids with addition of branching and decreased of alkyl side chain. Herewith the results of methanol conversion and selectivity for DMC showed that these materials can be used as catalysts, but the use of a drying agent to overpass the thermodynamics barrier of the reaction is critical. The most important anions for this synthesis follow the order [BF4]- > [Cl]- > [PF6]- > [NTf2]- for both cations in DMC synthesis. The methanol conversion is maintained constant for all ILs, but the selectivity for dimethyl carbonate reached 81% when [bmim][BF4] was used as catalyst and the loss of this activity after 5 recycles is 8,5 %. / A necessidade de aperfei?oamento de s?nteses menos agressivas ao meio ambiente e a utiliza??o de insumos reutiliz?veis s?o alguns dos princ?pios da Qu?mica Verde. Sendo assim, neste trabalho foi estudada uma rota alternativa de s?ntese do carbonato de dimetila (DMC) a partir do CO2, utilizando as condi??es de trabalho de uma planta de captura de CO2 pelo processo de pr?-combust?o. Diferentes l?quidos i?nicos de c?tions imidaz?lios e pirid?nicos com ?nions [Cl]-, [BF4]-, [PF6]- e [NTf2]- foram testados como catalisadores. A caracteriza??o dos l?quidos i?nicos produzidos foi poss?vel com a utiliza??o de espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e espectroscopia de resson?ncia magn?tica nuclear de pr?ton (1H-RMN) que comprovaram a estrutura destes materiais. A pureza foi determinada atrav?s do ensaio residual de cloretos. Para o carbonato de dimetila, a identifica??o e quantifica??o foram realizadas por cromatografia gasosa equipada com um detector de ioniza??o de chama (CG-FID).Para otimiza??o dos par?metros de s?ntese foram testadas vari?veis de temperatura de 140 ?C e 175 ?C e tempo de rea??o de 12 h, 24 h e 48 h, assim como varia??es no c?tion dos l?quidos i?nicos com adi??o de ramifica??es e diminui??o da cadeia lateral alquila. Com isto os resultados de convers?o de metanol e seletividade para DMC demonstraram que estes materiais podem ser utilizados como catalisadores, mas que ? fundamental a utiliza??o de um agente secante para transpor a barreira termodin?mica da rea??o. Os ?nions mais relevantes para esta s?ntese seguem a seguinte ordem [BF4]- > [Cl]- > [PF6]- > [NTf2]- para ambos os c?tions na seletividade para DMC. A convers?o de metanol se mant?m constante para todos os LIs, mas a seletividade para carbonato de dimetila chegou a 81 % quando utilizando o [bmim][BF4] como catalisador e a perda de atividade ap?s 5 reciclos ? de 8,5 %.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-31T22:25:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoPauloDeFreitasGrilo_DISSERT.pdf: 2371966 bytes, checksum: df286c50ea1a146c8169f0dc3c57c7f5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-01T23:19:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoPauloDeFreitasGrilo_DISSERT.pdf: 2371966 bytes, checksum: df286c50ea1a146c8169f0dc3c57c7f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T23:19:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoPauloDeFreitasGrilo_DISSERT.pdf: 2371966 bytes, checksum: df286c50ea1a146c8169f0dc3c57c7f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Comp?sitos NiO-C0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (NiO-CGO), um dos materiais mais utilizado para fabrica??o de anodos de C?lulas a Combust?veis de ?xido S?lido (CCOS) atualmente, foram obtidos por uma rota qu?mica que consiste na mistura das solu??es precursoras das fases NiO e CGO previamente obtidas pelo m?todo Pechini, com percentual m?ssico da fase NiO variando entre 0 e 100 %. Os nanop?s como obtidos foram caracterizados por t?cnicas de an?lise t?rmica (termogravimetria e Calorimetria Diferencial Explorat?ria) e os materiais calcinados foram estudados por difratometria de raios X (DRX). Amostras sinterizadas entre 1400 e 1500 ?C por 4 h foram caracterizadas pelo m?todo de Arquimedes. Os efeitos da composi??o relativa na microestrutura e propriedades el?tricas (condutividade e energia de ativa??o) de comp?sitos sinterizados a 1500 ?C foram investigados por microscopia eletr?nica e espectroscopia de imped?ncia (entre 300 e 650 ?C em ar). O refinamento dos dados de DRX indicaram que os p?s s?o ultrafinos e que o tamanho do cristalito da fase CGO tende a diminuir com o aumento de teor de NiO. De maneira semelhante, o cristalito da fase NiO tende a diminuir com o aumento da concentra??o de CGO, principalmente acima de 50% em massa de CGO. A an?lise por Arquimedes evidencia uma varia??o na densidade relativa em fun??o do teor de NiO. Densidades relativas acima de 95% foram obtidas em comp?sitos contendo a partir de 50 % em massa de NiO e sinterizados entre 1450 e 1500 ?C. Os resultados de microscopia e espectroscopia de imped?ncia indicam que a partir de 30 - 40 % de NiO h? aumento do n?mero de contatos NiO-NiO, ativando o mecanismo de condu??o eletr?nica que governa o processo de condu??o a baixas temperaturas (300-500 ?C). Por outro lado, com o aumento da temperatura de medida a mobilidade das vac?ncias de oxig?nio torna-se maior que a dos buracos eletr?nicos do NiO, como resultado, a condutividade de alta temperatura (550 - 650 ?C) em comp?sitos contendo at? 30-40% de NiO ? inferior ? do CGO. Varia??es na energia de ativa??o confirmam mudan?a do mecanismo de condu??o com o aumento do teor de NiO. O comp?sito contendo 50 % em massa de cada fase apresenta condutividade de 19 mS/cm a 650 ?C (pouco superior a 13 mS/cm encontrada para o CGO) e energia de ativa??o 0,49 eV. / Composite NiO-C0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (NiO-GDC), one of the materials most used for the manufacture of anodes of Cells Solid Oxide Fuel (SOFC) currently, were obtained by a chemical route which consists in mixing the precursor solution of NiO and CGO phases obtained previously by the Pechini method. The nanopowders as-obtained were characterized by thermal analysis techniques (thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and calcined materials were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Samples sintered between 1400 and 1500 ? C for 4 h were characterized by Archimedes method. The effects of the composition on the microstructure and electrical properties (conductivity and activation energy) of the composites sintered at 1500 ? C were investigated by electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy (between 300 and 650 ? C in air). The refinement of the XRD data indicated that the powders are ultrafine and the crystallite size of the CGO phase decreases with increasing content of NiO. Similarly, the crystallite of the NiO phase tends to decrease with increasing concentration of CGO, especially above 50 wt % CGO. Analysis by Archimedes shows a variation in relative density due to the NiO content. Densities above 95% were obtained in samples containing from 50 wt % NiO and sintered between 1450 and 1500 ?C. The results of microscopy and impedance spectroscopy indicate that from 30-40 wt.% NiO there is an increase in the number of contacts NiO - NiO, activating the electronic conduction mechanism which governs the process of conducting at low temperatures (300 - 500 ?C). On the other hand, with increasing the measuring temperature the mobility of oxygen vacancies becomes larger than that of the electronic holes of NiO, as a result, the high temperature conductivity (500-650 ? C) in composites containing up to 30-40 wt.% of NiO is lower than that of CGO. Variations in activation energy confirm change of conduction mechanism with the increase of the NiO content. The composite containing 50 wt. % of each phase shows conductivity of 19 mS/cm at 650 ?C (slightly higher than 13 mS/cm found for CGO) and activation energy of 0.49 eV.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:54:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElderECO_TESE_Capa_ate_pag86.pdf: 3877192 bytes, checksum: d9b068e5eaa76a69d5a1fa1f245dbc5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The search for ever smaller device and without loss of performance has been increasingly investigated by researchers involving applied electromagnetics. Antennas using ceramics materials with a high dielectric constant, whether acting as a substract element of patch radiating or as the radiant element are in evidence in current research, that due to the numerous advantages offered, such as: low profile, ability to reduce the its dimensions when compared to other devices, high efficiency of ratiation, suitability the microwave range and/or millimeter wave, low temperature coefficient and low cost. The reason for this high efficiency is that the dielectric losses of ceramics are very low when compared to commercially materials sold used in printed circuit boards, such as fiberglass and phenolite. These characteristics make ceramic devices suitable for operation in the microwave band. Combining the design of patch antennas and/or dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) to certain materials and the method of synthesis of these powders in the manufacture of devices, it s possible choose a material with a dielectric constant appropriate for the design of an antenna with the desired size. The main aim of this work is the design of patch antennas and DRA antennas on synthesis of ceramic powders (synthesis by combustion and polymeric precursors - Pe- chini method) nanostructured with applications in the microwave band. The conventional method of mix oxides was also used to obtain nanometric powders for the preparation of tablets and dielectric resonators. The devices manufactured and studied on high dielectric constant materials make them good candidates to have their small size compared to other devices operating at the same frequency band. The structures analyzed are excited by three different techniques: i) microstrip line, ii) aperture coupling and iii) inductive coupling. The efficiency of these techniques have been investigated experimentally and compared with simulations by Ansoft HFSS, used in the accurate analysis of the electromagnetic behavior of antennas over the finite element method (FEM). In this thesis a literature study on the theory of microstrip antennas and DRA antenna is performed. The same study is performed about the materials and methods of synthesis of ceramic powders, which are used in the manufacture of tablets and dielectric cylinders that make up the devices investigated. The dielectric media which were used to support the analysis of the DRA and/or patch antennas are analyzed using accurate simulations using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) based on the relative electrical permittivity (er) and loss tangent of these means (tand). This work also presents a study on artificial neural networks, showing the network architecture used and their characteristics, as well as the training algorithms that were used in training and modeling some parameters associated with the devices investigated / A busca por dispositivos cada vez menores e sem perda de desempenho vem sendo cada dia mais investigada pelos pesquisadores da ?rea envolvendo eletromagnetismo apli- cado. Antenas utilizando materiais cer?micos com uma alta constante diel?trica, sejam elas atuando como substrato do elemento patch radiante ou como sendo o pr?prio ele- mento radiante est?o em evid?ncia nas pesquisas atuais, isso devido ?s in?meras vantagens que apresentam, tais como: baixo perfil, capacidade de redu??o de suas dimens?es (quando comparado a outros dispositivos), alta efici?ncia de radia??o, adequabilidade a faixa de micro-ondas e/ou ondas milim?tricas, baixo coeficiente de temperatura e baixo custo. A raz?o para essa alta efici?ncia ? que as perdas diel?tricas das cer?micas s?o muito baixas, quando comparadas ?s dos materiais comercialmente usados em placas de circuito impresso, tais como: fibra de vidro e fenolite. Essas caracter?sticas tornam os dispositivos cer?micos adequados para operar na faixa de micro-ondas. Aliando o projeto de antenas patch e/ou antenas ressoadoras diel?tricas (DRA) ao uso de certos materiais e ao m?todo de s?ntese desses p?s na fabrica??o dos dispositivos, ? poss?vel escolher um material com uma determinada constante diel?trica para o projeto de uma antena com o tamanho desejado. O objetivo principal deste trabalho consiste no projeto de antenas patches e antenas DRA sob s?ntese de p?s cer?micos (s?ntese por combust?o e por precursores polim?ricos - m?todo Pechini) nanoestruturados para aplica??es na faixa de micro-ondas. O m?todo convencional de mistura de ?xidos tamb?m foi utilizado na obten??o de p?s nanom?tricos para a confec??o das pastilhas e ressoadores diel?tricos. Os dispositivos fabricados e estudados sobre materiais de alta constante diel?trica os tornam bons candidatos ? fabrica??o de dispositivos e circuitos de dimens?es reduzidas quando comparado aos outros dispositivos tradicionais operando na mesma faixa de frequ?ncia. As estruturas analisadas s?o excitadas por tr?s diferentes t?cnicas: i) linha de microfita, ii) acoplamento por abertura e iii) acoplamento indutivo. A efici?ncia dessas t?cnicas de alimenta??o s?o investigadas experimentalmente e comparada com simula??es realizadas pelo Ansoft HFSS, utilizado na an?lise precisa do comportamento eletromagn?tico das antenas atrav?s do m?todo dos elementos finitos (FEM). Nesta tese um estudo bibliogr?fico sobre teoria de antenas de microfita e antenas DRA ? realizado. O mesmo estudo ? realizado a respeito dos materiais e dos m?todos de s?ntese dos p?s cer?micos que s?o utilizados na fabri- ca??o das pastilhas e dos cil?ndros diel?tricos que compor?o os dispositivos investigados. Os meios diel?tricos os quais serviram de suporte na an?lise das antenas patch e/ou DRA s?o analisados atrav?s de simula??es precisas utilizando o m?todo das diferen?as finitas no dom?nio do tempo (FDTD) com base na permissividade el?trica relativa (er) e tangente de perda desses meios (tand). Este trabalho ainda apresenta um estudo em redes neurais artificiais, evidenciando a arquitetura de rede utilizada e suas caracter?sticas, bem como os algoritmos de treinamento que foram usados no treinamento e na modelagem de alguns par?metros associados aos dispositivos investigados