No description available.

This thesis describes research into a methodology for the systematic development of engineering line diagrams (ELOs) from process tlowsheets with a particular emphasis on safety, health and environmental (SHE) and operability issues. The current approach to the consideration of safety in design is largely reactive, relying on design reviews such as the HAZOP. If design safety is to be improved, then a comprehensive system, incorporating both proactive and reactive methods, must be adopted. The facility to develop proactive safety systems relies upon the presence of a systematic design procedure. Since design at this stage seems generally to be rather haphazard, there is a need to introduce structure to the design task before any progress can be made in the improvement of safety. Introducing structure to the design task not only provides a framework for the incorporation of SHE and operability issues, but should also improve the effectiveness of the overall design and the efficiency with which it is completed. More specifically, fewer good design opportunities should be lost due to poor information handling and thc amount of rework arising from misunderstandings between different disciplines should be minimised. In addition, learning how to perform the design task should become easier for new recruits. Relevant work in the fields of process design, process safety, engineering drawings and ELO development is discussed. An analysis of perceptions of the design task within industry is presented. The generation of a systematic method by iterative case study work with designers is described. The structural features of this method are explained. Some examples of the application of the method are given and the results of a trial within industry are discussed. This research has shown that there is no existing work which captures the logic for the order in which decisions for developing a first ELO are made. Neither is there a complete analysis of the activities and issues contributing to ELO development. A novel method for the systematic generation of ELOs has been produced and used as a framework for the incorporation of SHE and operability issues into design. Trials of the method within industry have shown it to be successful.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in higher education. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-141). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29281

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Marburg.

Second year psychology students (N=176) from Rhodes University were surveyed using an anonymous questionnaire to obtain information on sexual behaviour and knowledge of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among young people. The following information was obtained: Knowledge of safe sex practices and HIV transmission was high although a number of misconceptions were noted. Only fifty six percent of students viewed oral sex with a condom as safe and thirty one percent do not consider mutual masturbation with a condom safe. Thirteen percent and twenty five percent respectively identified insects and saliva as being routes of HIV transmission. Magazines (96%), informal discussions with friends (95%), public pamphlets (86%) and public television (79%) were preferred sources of information. The students' knowledge did not appear to significantly affect sexual behaviour. Eighty percent of respondents were intimately involved with another person during the past twelve months, and only fifteen percent always made use of a latex barrier when being sexually intimate. Despite high rates of alcohol and/or drug consumption (80% of students use such substances), and the belief by the majority of respondents that alcohol and/or drugs facilitate higher risk behaviours, no support for the alcohol/risky sex hypothesis was found. Students were found to score highly on proneness to psychological and behavioural risk taking, and no significant relationship between this and unprotected sex was found. It can be concluded that educational programmes need to focus on what constitutes safe sexual practices in order to equip young adults with the knowledge they need to make informed choices regarding the relative risks of various sexual activities.

The diploma thesis put its focus on the origin of harmful species in food during the production processes, and their subsequent optimization thus, that ought to decrease the occurrence of risk in processes and thus not directly endanger the consumer. This thesis determines and optimizes the occurrence of hazards when handling non-standard products from Kysucké pekárne, a.s. By using a questionnaire, which is issued under the auspices of the National Labor Inspectorate and consequently assesses the level of health and safety to ensure that the company meets all the requirements in accordance with Safe Company certificate for the Slovak Republic, and this rank means that the researched company belongs among companies that are above standard in terms of safety. The work is divided into several parts. The theoretical part explains the concepts that are closely related to the researched area of the thesis - risk analysis, risk management, the definition of risks. The analytical part contains an analysis of the current situation in the researched company, analysis of the risks regarding the production process, processing of technical waste and lastly, an assessment of the level of health and safety. The practical part focuses on corrective measures in the processes of bread production, processing of technological waste and improving safety and health at work so that the company achieves the Safe Company certificate.

No description available.

No description available.

BACKGROUND: Many patients face chronic pain, which can be debilitating and dramatically impair patient's quality of life. These patients often seek treatment from their primary care physicians, who may utilize a wide range of options to manage their chronic pain, including opioids. Opioids provide analgesia while potentially leading to other adverse effects, including misuse, addiction and overdose. Therefore there is a need for clinicians to develop safe opioid prescribing practices. This has been recognized by the development of national guidelines and recommendations to improve the training and education of physicians in this domain. However, a gap in medical education and training for safe opioid prescribing skill exists, creating physicians who may feel ill prepared to treat this patient population. To remedy this problem, an educational intervention was designed that utilized a didactic session with or without an immediate or delayed observed structured clinical exam (OSCE) to improve safe opioid prescribing skills among internal medicine residents at an academic medical center. The specific aims of this thesis are to understand both quantitative and qualitative impacts of this educational intervention, specifically to describe participant characteristics, quantitatively evaluate within and between group changes at 8-months in safe opioid prescribing knowledge, confidence and self-reported practices and qualitatively describe participants' experience of the OSCE as a learning tool. METHODS: Using a quasi-experimental design, 39 internal medicine residents were assigned to either a control or intervention groups. The intervention groups received a didactic session alone, a didactic session and immediate OSCE or a didactic session and a delayed OSCE. Participants were surveyed at baseline, 4- and 8-month follow-up to assess their safe opioid prescribing knowledge, confidence, and self-reported practices. RESULTS: Participants in the didactic followed by immediate OSCE group significantly improved both within group confidence and practices at 8-month follow-up. Additionally, participants in this group improved their confidence at 8-month follow-up significantly compared to the control group. Participants from the other educational intervention groups (didactic followed by delayed OSCE and didactic only) also saw improvements in confidence and practice, but the effect was not as robust. OSCE participants found the OSCE to be a useful learning tool and both participants in the immediate and delayed OSCE groups highlighted the need to receive the didactic session immediately prior to the OSCE session. DISCUSSION: Despite many barriers in safe opioid prescribing facing internal medicine residents including limited faculty mentorship and difficult inherited patients, this educational intervention still improved their safe opioid prescribing knowledge, confidence and practice. The use of OSCEs as an education tool is an innovative approach to develop clinical skills and can be adapted in a variety of ways to accommodate institutional and learners' needs. / 2017-05-01T00:00:00Z

Determination of safe yield of a water source is a basic aspect of water supply planning. In this report, the safe yield is defined as the maximum constant release from a reservoir that is possible during a selected drought period. The yield depends on drought magnitude and duration controlled by nature and ability to manipulate the releases through man made controls in the form of impoundment structures and regulations. A water supply system with two reservoirs in series and one in parallel in Spotsylvania County — the Hunting Run Reservoir, the Motts Run Reservoir (in series), and the Ni River Reservoir is considered to demonstrate the yield calculations. When several reservoirs are considered, the critical periods (defined as the period from full storage to empty condition) may not coincide and the system must be analyzed for the binding critical duration. A zero-one linear integer programming formulation is proposed to compute the system yield. The formulation accommodates the various storage and river flow dependent instream flow requirements. It is found that the water treatment plant capacity, instream flow requirements, and flows themselves limit the yield. Inflows to the reservoir are very important factor in determination of safe yield for any system of reservoirs. Changes in the precipitation hence inflows may cause a significant effect on the operation of reservoir. El Nino and La Nina phenomena, which occur due to changes in the atmospheric condition over the equatorial Pacific region, are found to affect the global climate in different studies. To examine the changes in the precipitation / streamflows due to El Nino and La Nina events on the safe yield, studies are done on the streamflows in the study area and four regions across the world during El Nino and LA Nina events. Lag correlation studies and descriptive analysis of the streamflows in the study region in Northern Virginia fail to show any pattern in the streamflow changes due to El Nino and La Nina events, based on the available data. However, this observation is not conclusive and further research if needed. / Master of Science