<p><p>In order to keep up with the increasing demand on speed and reliability in modern wireless systems, new standards have to be introduced. By using Multiple Input Multiple Output technology (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technologies the performance can be increased dramatically. Forthcoming standards such as WLAN 802.11n, WiMax and 3GPP LTE are all taking advantage of MIMO technology. To perform realistic tests with these standards it is often not enough to run software simulations in for example Matlab. Instead, as many real world parameters as possible need to be included. This can be done using a testbed, like the LiUMIMO, that actually transmits and receives data through the air.</p><p>The LiUMIMO is designed as a Software Defined Radio (SDR), only the RF front end and the data log are implemented in hardware, while all signal processing will be performed in Matlab.</p></p>

<p>3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a project of the Third Generation Partnership Project to improve the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) mobile phone standard to cope with future technology evolutions. Two duplex schemes FDD and TDD are investigated in this thesis. Several computational intensive components of the baseband processing for LTE uplink such as synchronization, channel estimation, equalization, soft demapping, turbo decoding is analyzed. Cost analysis is hardware independent so that only computational complexity is considered in this thesis. Hardware dependent discussion for LTE baseband SDR platform is given according the analysis results.</p>

The recent popularity and convenience of Wireless communication and the need for integration demands the development of Software Defined Radio (SDR). First defined by Mitoal, the SDR processed the entire bandwidth using a high resolution and high speed ADC and remaining operations were done in DSP. The current trend in SDRs is to design highly reconfigurable analog front ends which can handle narrow-band and wideband standards, one at a time. Charge sampling has been widely used in these architectures due to the built in antialiasing capabilities, jitter robustness at high signal frequencies and flexibility in filter design. This work proposed a 1GHz wideband front end aimed at SDR applications using Transform Domain (TD) sampling techniques. Frequency Domain (FD) sampling, a special case of TD sampling, efficiently parallelizes the signal for digital processing, relaxing the sampling requirements and enabling parallel digital processing at a much lower rate and is a potential candidate for SDR. The proposed front end converts the RF signal into current and then it is downconverted using passive mixers. The front end has five parallel paths, each acting on a part of the spectrum effectively parallelizing the front end and relaxing the requirements. An overlap introduced between successive integration windows for jitter robustness was exploited to create a novel sinc2 downsample by two filter topology. This topology was compared to a conventional topology and found to be equivalent and area efficient by about 44%. The proposed topology was used as a baseband filter for all paths in the front end. The chip was sent for fabrication in 45nm technology. The active area of the chip was 6:6mm2. The testing and measurement of the chip still remains to be done.

Developing a flexible receiver, which can be reconfigured to multiple standards, is the key to solving the problem of embedding numerous and ever-changing functionalities in mobile handsets. Difficulty in efficiently reconfiguring analog blocks of a receiver chain to multiple standards calls for moving the ADC as close to the antenna as possible so that most of the processing is done in DSP. Different standards are sampled at different frequencies and a programmable anti-aliasing filtering is needed here. Windowed integration samplers have an inherent sinc filtering which creates nulls at multiples of fs. The attenuation provided by sinc filtering for a bandwidth B is directly proportional to the sampling frequency fs and, in order to meet the anti-aliasing specifications, a high sampling rate is needed. ADCs operating at such a high oversampling rate dissipate power for no good use. Hence, there is a need to develop a programmable discrete-time down-sampling circuit with high inherent anti-aliasing capabilities. Currently existing topologies use large numbers of switches and capacitors which occupy a lot of area.A novel technique in reducing die area on a discrete-time sinc2 ↓2 filter for charge sampling is proposed. An SNR comparison of the conventional and the proposed topology reveals that the new technique saves 25 percent die area occupied by the sampling capacitors of the filter. The proposed idea is also extended to implement higher downsampling factors and a greater percentage of area is saved as the down-sampling factor is increased. The proposed filter also has the topological advantage over previously reported works of allowing the designers to use active integration to charge the capacitance, which is critical in obtaining high linearity. A novel technique to implement a discrete-time sinc3 ↓2 filter for windowed integration samplers is also proposed. The topology reduces the idle time of the integration capacitors at the expense of a small complexity overhead in the clock generation, thereby saving 33 percent of the die area on the capacitors compared to the currently existing topology. Circuit Level simulations in 45 nm CMOS technlogy show a good agreement with the predicted behaviour obtained from the analaysis.

Software defined radio (SDR) introduces endless possibilities for future communication technologies. Instead of being limited to a static segment of the radio spectrum, SDR allows RF front-ends to be more flexible by using digital signal processing (DSP) and cognitive techniques to integrate adaptive hardware with dynamic software. We present the design and implementation of an innovative RF front-end transceiver architecture for application into a SDR test-bed platform. System-level requirements were extracted from the Space Network User Guide (SNUG). Initial system characterization demonstrated image leakage due to poor filtering and mixer isolation issues. Hence, the RF front-end design was re-implemented using the Weaver architecture for improved image rejection performance.

During meiosis eukaryotes produce four haploid gametes from a single diploid parental cell. In meiotic S-phase homologous chromosomes, which were inherited from maternal and paternal parents, are replicated. Homologous chromosomes then pair and undergo reciprocal crossover, which generates new mosaics of maternal and paternal sequences. Meiosis also involves two rounds of chromosome segregation, meaning that only one copy of each chromosome is finally packaged into the resulting haploid gametes. In this work I sought to genetically engineer two elements of meiosis, in order to generate tools which may be useful for plant breeding. The first project sought to generate a second division restitution (SDR) population, where the second meiotic division is skipped. This is created by crossing an SDR mutant, omission of second division1, which produces diploid pollen due to a defective meiosis-II, to a haploid inducer line, whose chromosomes are lost from the zygote post-fertilisation. This was intended to give rise to diploid plants possessing chromosomes from just the SDR parent. Importantly, the SDR parent used was heterozygous, meaning that SDR progeny should show mostly homozygous chromosomes, but with regions of residual heterozygosity, determined by crossover locations. This project succeeded in creating a small number of plants with the predicted SDR genotype, although a range of aberrant genotypes were also observed. I present several hypotheses that could account for the observed progeny genotypes. In a second project I attempted to direct meiotic recombination using DNA double strand breaks targeted to specific sites. This project used a spo11-1 mutant, which is unable to produce the endogenous meiotic DNA DSBs that normally mature into crossovers. Instead, TALFokI nucleases (TALENs) were expressed from meiotic promoters in order to generate exogenous DSBs at sites determined by the DNA binding specificity of the TAL repeat domains. The project succeeded in transforming TALENs into spo11-1 mutants and confirming their expression. However, this was not sufficient to recover the spo11-1 mutant infertility or direct crossovers. Potential reasons for this non-complementation are discussed, as well as their implications for control of meiotic recombination in plant genomes.

In order to keep up with the increasing demand on speed and reliability in modern wireless systems, new standards have to be introduced. By using Multiple Input Multiple Output technology (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technologies the performance can be increased dramatically. Forthcoming standards such as WLAN 802.11n, WiMax and 3GPP LTE are all taking advantage of MIMO technology. To perform realistic tests with these standards it is often not enough to run software simulations in for example Matlab. Instead, as many real world parameters as possible need to be included. This can be done using a testbed, like the LiUMIMO, that actually transmits and receives data through the air. The LiUMIMO is designed as a Software Defined Radio (SDR), only the RF front end and the data log are implemented in hardware, while all signal processing will be performed in Matlab.

Submitted by Juliana Tregnago (julianatregnago@gmail.com) on 2018-06-18T15:59:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCASA 2018 - PEDRO HENRIQUE MARIOSA.pdf: 3738839 bytes, checksum: 9e429b941945959a448e4d96c25b9591 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-06-19T13:29:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCASA 2018 - PEDRO HENRIQUE MARIOSA.pdf: 3738839 bytes, checksum: 9e429b941945959a448e4d96c25b9591 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-06-19T13:35:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCASA 2018 - PEDRO HENRIQUE MARIOSA.pdf: 3738839 bytes, checksum: 9e429b941945959a448e4d96c25b9591 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-19T13:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCASA 2018 - PEDRO HENRIQUE MARIOSA.pdf: 3738839 bytes, checksum: 9e429b941945959a448e4d96c25b9591 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-26 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Restrictions on economic activities, imposed by the State, are often necessary to prevent the suppression of land, water and forests. In areas where the natural environment and traditional peoples coexist, such as the Sustainable Development Reserve (SDR) of Tupé, it is desirable that economic activities cause the lowest possible impact on ecosystems, while ensuring the physical and social reproduction of those people in these ecosystems. In this connection, the present study aimed to show how rural non-farm activities, undertaken by social agents, can represent a strategy for the Good Living of Communities in an SDR. For that, a multi-method approach was chosen, composed of thematic interviews and direct observation with social agents of the headquarter district of the Comunidade Nossa Senhora do Livramento, located on the SDR of Tupé internal perimeter. We interviewed 20 social agents responsible for developing rural non-farm activities in 21 different spaces called Non-Rural Non-Farm Ventures (RNFV). For the analysis of the data, predominantly qualitative methods were used to extract the perception of these social agents about: the socioeconomic characteristics of the ERNA's, their pluriactivity and the contribution of these to the Community's Good Living. As a result, 14 different rural non-farm activities were identified as self-pronounce as the main activity of RNFV, which are predominantly pluriactives in a relationships social network of high transitivity. These social agents see the contribution of their ventures, in a positive way, mainly in the dimensions: Community Vitality, Culture, Environment and Education. It was concluded that rural non-farm activities can be adopted as a strategy for the promotion of Good Living and should be articulated in the SDR of Tupé management processes as an alternative to the direct exploration of lands, waters and forests. / Restrições às atividades econômicas, impostas pelo Estado, muitas vezes são necessárias para evitar a supressão de terras, águas e florestas. Em áreas onde coexistem o ambiente natural e os povos tradicionais, como na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (RDS) do Tupé, é desejável que as atividades econômicas causem o mínimo de impacto possível aos ecossistemas, ao mesmo tempo que garantam a reprodução física e social destes povos. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo evidenciar como as atividades rurais não-agrícolas, empreendidas por agentes sociais, podem representar uma estratégia para o Bem Viver das Comunidades de uma RDS. Para tanto, optou-se por uma abordagem multimétodos, composta de entrevistas temáticas e observação direta com agentes sociais da Sede da Comunidade Nossa Senhora do Livramento, localizada no perímetro interno da RDS do Tupé. Foram entrevistados 20 agentes sociais responsáveis por desenvolver atividades rurais não-agrícolas em 21 espaços diferentes denominados de Empreendimentos Rurais Não-Agrícolas (ERNA’s). Para análise dos dados foram utilizados métodos predominantemente qualitativos para extrair a percepção destes agentes sociais sobre: as características socioeconômicas dos ERNA’s, sua pluriatividade e a contribuição destes para o Bem Viver da Comunidade. Como resultado, foram identificadas 14 atividades rurais não-agrícolas diferentes, autodeclaradas como atividade principal dos ERNA’s, estes predominantemente pluriativos em uma rede de relações sociais de alta transitividade. Estes agentes sociais percebem a contribuição de seus empreendimentos, de forma positiva, principalmente nas dimensões: Vitalidade Comunitária, Cultura, Ambiente e Educação. Concluiu-se que as atividades rurais não-agrícolas podem ser adotadas como uma estratégia para a promoção do Bem Viver e deveriam estar articuladas nos processos de gestão da RDS do Tupé, como alternativa à exploração direta das terras, águas e florestas.

Submitted by Rosa Assis (rosa_assis@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-20T19:20:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 THIAGO MONTANARO SAPIA.pdf: 2974525 bytes, checksum: 7bf36cf4094936e1ee2d72e23c1f7094 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2017-09-22T13:38:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 THIAGO MONTANARO SAPIA.pdf: 2974525 bytes, checksum: 7bf36cf4094936e1ee2d72e23c1f7094 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-22T13:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 THIAGO MONTANARO SAPIA.pdf: 2974525 bytes, checksum: 7bf36cf4094936e1ee2d72e23c1f7094 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This essay presents theoretical concepts of the Brazilian Digital TV System (SBTVD) and Software De ned Radio (SDR). The purpose of this essay is to implement timing synchronization stages and a channel estimator to enable ISDB-TB reception via RF. Thus, enabling the analysis of the constellations of the received signals. To achieve this goal, it was used SDR concepts and the C++ and Python programming languages. Through the use of the GNU Radio tool, time, frequency and OFDM frame synchronization were implemented. Besides that, a channel estimator was also implemented Computer simulations were carried out to verify the performance of the implementations. / Este trabalho apresenta uma descricão sobre o Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital (SBTVD) e Software De fined Radio (SDR). O objetivo deste trabalho é implementar um estimador de canal e estágios de sincronismo para receber sinais ISDB-TB via RF. Com isso, sendo possível a análise das constelacões dos sinais recebidos. Para tal, foram utilizados conceitos de SDR e as linguagens de programacão C++ e Python. Por meio da ferramenta aberta GNU Radio, foram realizadas implementacões de sincronismo no tempo, frequência (inteira e fracionária) e de quadro OFDM. Além disso, um estimador de canal foi implementado. Simulacões computacionais foram realizadas para veri ficar o funcionamento das implementacões.

A tradição Borda Incisa envolve um debate intenso entre os pesquisadores por uma série de motivos, dentre os quais, por suas cerâmicas apresentarem uma grande variabilidade estilística e morfológica, devido sua ampla distribuição geográfica e sua associação aos contextos de terra preta. Na Amazônia Central o período relacionado às ocupações Borda Incisa é considerado de adensamento populacional e quando as mudanças nas paisagens são mais intensas, associadas aos falantes de línguas Arawak que teriam desenvolvido um sistema regional multiétnico com circulação de cerâmicas e compartilhamento de uma mesma cosmologia baseada na ocupação de aldeias circulares. A Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã, área focal dessa pesquisa, é uma unidade de conservação localizada na porção central do Estado do Amazonas. O objetivo da dissertação é contribuir para a construção de uma história cultural do Lago Amanã e a compreensão de sua antiga e intensa ocupação pré-colonial. A fase Caiambé é o recorte de análise, a partir do refinamento de suas características estilísticas e contextuais, procura-se compreender seus significados no quadro cronológico da Amazônia Central e suas relações com os complexos culturais anteriores e posteriores a ela. Através de escavações, datações e tratamento do material cerâmico, buscou-se oferecer refinamento da cronologia de ocupação. Alguns dos resultados apresentados são: contemporaneidade de assentamentos, caracterização de sítios com diferentes funções e maior caracterização da tecnologia de produção cerâmica. Com base nessas informações sugere-se a fase Caiambé no lago Amanã representa o ápice da ocupação integral de um território, com a formação de diferentes aldeias e espaços públicos e rituais. / The Incised Rim tradition involves an intense debate among researchers for a number of reasons, among which, for its ceramics present a great stylistic and morphological variability due to its wide geographic distribution and their association with terra preta contexts. In central Amazonia the period related to occupations Incised Rim is considered population density and when changes in the landscapes are more intense, associated with the Arawak language speakers who have developed a multi-ethnic regional system with circulation ceramics and sharing the same cosmology based on occupation of circular villages. The Amana Sustainable Development Reserve, focal area of this research is a protected area located in the central portion of the state of Amazonas. The purpose of this work is to contribute to building a cultural history of the Lake Amana and understanding of its ancient and intense precolonial occupation. The Caiambé phase is the analysis of cut from the refinement of its stylistic and contextual features, try to understand their meaning in the chronological framework of the Central Amazon and its relations with the previous cultural complexes and subsequent to it. Through excavation, dating and treatment of ceramic material, it sought to provide refinement of the chronology of occupation. Some of the results are presented: contemporary settlements, characterization of sites with different functions and improved characterization of pottery production technology. Based on this information it is suggested to Caiambé phase at Lake Amana is the culmination of the full occupation of a territory, with the formation of different villages and public spaces and rituals.