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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Korean evidentials in discourse

Kim, Jinung 12 July 2012 (has links)
The purpose of this dissertation is a study of Korean evidentiality on the basis of presuppositional analysis. My claim is that Korean evidentiality can be accounted for under the binding theory of presupposition (Asher & Lascarides 1998; 2003; Asher 2000). The proposal I motivate in this dissertation is that interpretations of Korean evidentials can be handled using the same mechanism which resolves anaphoric expressions.Dynamic Semantics such as DRT and SDRT give a contribution to account for phenomena like anaphora bridging, presupposition, and accomodation bythe update procedure of the discourse structure. I investigate Korean evidentials by examining their distributions and functions in Korean grammar and specifying the types of information source in Korean evidential system. In particular,there are three evidential types in Korean: Direct te, Reportative tay, Inference ci. I propose that the Korean evidential system corresponds to B-1 system in Aikhenvald (2004). I also give an analysis of the intonation phrase of utterances featuring Korean evidentials with the autosegmental-metrical model of intonational phonology. Moreover, I argue that Korean evidentials are presupposition triggers. To verify my claim, I provide various tests such as negation, challengeability and the interrogative flip. All the tests support for classifying Korean evidentials as one category. I also review and compare three different theoretical frameworks: modal, illocutionary and presuppositional analysis. I reject a modal analysis and an illocutionary analysis and employ a presuppositional analysis for Korean evidentiality.I propose that Korean evidentiality can be explained in terms of SDRT(Asher & Lascarides 1998; 2003). Asher & Lascarides (1998) regard presupposition resolution as an integrated part of the task of building discourse relations. I also show that the speaker-dependency of evidentiality is explicitly associated with characteristics of indexicals. Just as in the line of work stemming from Hunter & Asher (2005), I demonstrated that Korean evidentials are anaphorically resolved by the extra-linguistic context as well as by the linguistic context. / text
2

Discourse analysis of arabic documents and application to automatic summarization / Analyse discursive des documents arbes et applications au résumé automatique

Keskes, Iskandar 11 May 2015 (has links)
Dans un discours, les textes et les conversations ne sont pas seulement une juxtaposition de mots et de phrases. Ils sont plutôt organisés en une structure dans laquelle des unités de discours sont liées les unes aux autres de manière à assurer à la fois la cohérence et la cohésion du discours. La structure du discours a montré son utilité dans de nombreuses applications TALN, y compris la traduction automatique, la génération de texte et le résumé automatique. L'utilité du discours dans les applications TALN dépend principalement de la disponibilité d'un analyseur de discours performant. Pour aider à construire ces analyseurs et à améliorer leurs performances, plusieurs ressources ont été annotées manuellement par des informations de discours dans des différents cadres théoriques. La plupart des ressources disponibles sont en anglais. Récemment, plusieurs efforts ont été entrepris pour développer des ressources discursives pour d'autres langues telles que le chinois, l'allemand, le turc, l'espagnol et le hindi. Néanmoins, l'analyse de discours en arabe standard moderne (MSA) a reçu moins d'attention malgré le fait que MSA est une langue de plus de 422 millions de locuteurs dans 22 pays. Le sujet de thèse s'intègre dans le cadre du traitement automatique de la langue arabe, plus particulièrement, l'analyse de discours de textes arabes. Cette thèse a pour but d'étudier l'apport de l'analyse sémantique et discursive pour la génération de résumé automatique de documents en langue arabe. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous proposons d'étudier la théorie de la représentation discursive segmentée (SDRT) qui propose un cadre logique pour la représentation sémantique de phrases ainsi qu'une représentation graphique de la structure du texte où les relations de discours sont de nature sémantique plutôt qu'intentionnelle. Cette théorie a été étudiée pour l'anglais, le français et l'allemand mais jamais pour la langue arabe. Notre objectif est alors d'adapter la SDRT à la spécificité de la langue arabe afin d'analyser sémantiquement un texte pour générer un résumé automatique. Nos principales contributions sont les suivantes : Une étude de la faisabilité de la construction d'une structure de discours récursive et complète de textes arabes. En particulier, nous proposons : Un schéma d'annotation qui couvre la totalité d'un texte arabe, dans lequel chaque constituant est lié à d'autres constituants. Un document est alors représenté par un graphe acyclique orienté qui capture les relations explicites et les relations implicites ainsi que des phénomènes de discours complexes, tels que l'attachement, la longue distance du discours pop-ups et les dépendances croisées. Une nouvelle hiérarchie des relations de discours. Nous étudions les relations rhétoriques d'un point de vue sémantique en se concentrant sur leurs effets sémantiques et non pas sur la façon dont elles sont déclenchées par des connecteurs de discours, qui sont souvent ambigües en arabe. o une analyse quantitative (en termes de connecteurs de discours, de fréquences de relations, de proportion de relations implicites, etc.) et une analyse qualitative (accord inter-annotateurs et analyse des erreurs) de la campagne d'annotation. Un outil d'analyse de discours où nous étudions à la fois la segmentation automatique de textes arabes en unités de discours minimales et l'identification automatique des relations explicites et implicites du discours. L'utilisation de notre outil pour résumer des textes arabes. Nous comparons la représentation de discours en graphes et en arbres pour la production de résumés. / Within a discourse, texts and conversations are not just a juxtaposition of words and sentences. They are rather organized in a structure in which discourse units are related to each other so as to ensure both discourse coherence and cohesion. Discourse structure has shown to be useful in many NLP applications including machine translation, natural language generation and language technology in general. The usefulness of discourse in NLP applications mainly depends on the availability of powerful discourse parsers. To build such parsers and improve their performances, several resources have been manually annotated with discourse information within different theoretical frameworks. Most available resources are in English. Recently, several efforts have been undertaken to develop manually annotated discourse information for other languages such as Chinese, German, Turkish, Spanish and Hindi. Surprisingly, discourse processing in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) has received less attention despite the fact that MSA is a language with more than 422 million speakers in 22 countries. Computational processing of Arabic language has received a great attention in the literature for over twenty years. Several resources and tools have been built to deal with Arabic non concatenative morphology and Arabic syntax going from shallow to deep parsing. However, the field is still very vacant at the layer of discourse. As far as we know, the sole effort towards Arabic discourse processing was done in the Leeds Arabic Discourse Treebank that extends the Penn Discourse TreeBank model to MSA. In this thesis, we propose to go beyond the annotation of explicit relations that link adjacent units, by completely specifying the semantic scope of each discourse relation, making transparent an interpretation of the text that takes into account the semantic effects of discourse relations. In particular, we propose the first effort towards a semantically driven approach of Arabic texts following the Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT). Our main contributions are: A study of the feasibility of building a recursive and complete discourse structures of Arabic texts. In particular, we propose: An annotation scheme for the full discourse coverage of Arabic texts, in which each constituent is linked to other constituents. A document is then represented by an oriented acyclic graph, which captures explicit and implicit relations as well as complex discourse phenomena, such as long-distance attachments, long-distance discourse pop-ups and crossed dependencies. A novel discourse relation hierarchy. We study the rhetorical relations from a semantic point of view by focusing on their effect on meaning and not on how they are lexically triggered by discourse connectives that are often ambiguous, especially in Arabic. A thorough quantitative analysis (in terms of discourse connectives, relation frequencies, proportion of implicit relations, etc.) and qualitative analysis (inter-annotator agreements and error analysis) of the annotation campaign. An automatic discourse parser where we investigate both automatic segmentation of Arabic texts into elementary discourse units and automatic identification of explicit and implicit Arabic discourse relations. An application of our discourse parser to Arabic text summarization. We compare tree-based vs. graph-based discourse representations for producing indicative summaries and show that the full discourse coverage of a document is definitively a plus.
3

De la syntaxe à la sémantique du discours : étude en corpus des constructions en parce que / From syntax to discourse semantics : corpus study of parce que constructions

Savreux, Florian 29 September 2017 (has links)
Nous proposons dans ce travail de thèse une étude des constructions en parce que à l'oral, à l’interface entre linguistique de corpus et linguistique théorique. Le corpus analysé est composé de conversations enregistrées dans le cadre de quatre enquêtes du projet PFC (Phonologie du Français Contemporain). La première phase de l'annotation permet la caractérisation syntaxique desdites constructions (Debaisieux, 1994). Cette annotation (macro)syntaxique du corpus est ensuite utilisée pour l'analyse sémantico-pragmatique subséquente : du regroupement (ou de la fragmentation) des unités macrosyntaxiques identifiées s'ensuivront les unités discursives élémentaires de l'analyse en SDRT (Segmented Discourse Representation Theory). Nous décrivons les principaux types de relations de discours pouvant représenter l'apport de parce que en discours, en relevant notamment les possibilités et contraintes dues à la relation syntaxique alors établie. Nous proposons pour ce faire une nouvelle relation de type Explication permettant l'annotation des parce que en lien avec la modalité d'énoncé. Des éléments pour l'identification des termes mis en relation par parce que sont donnés, qui montrent l'intérêt d'une double analyse du corpus, en syntaxe et en discours. / This dissertation offers a study of parce que constructions in oral speech, at the interface between corpus and theoretical linguistics. The corpus under study comprises conversations recorded from four surveys from the PFC (Phonologie du Français Contemporain – Phonology of Contemporary French) project database. The first stage of the annotation process allows the syntactic characterization of said constructions. This (macro-)syntactic annotation of the corpus is then used for the subsequent semantic and pragmatic analysis: the elementary discursive units for our analysis within the SDRT (Segmented Discourse Representation Theory) framework stem from the grouping (or fragmentation) of the previously identified macrosyntactic units. We describe the main types of discourse relations which can represent the contribution of parce que in discourse, and notably highlight the possibilities and constraints inherent to the syntactic relation that is established. To this end, we put forward a new Explanation-type relation, which allows the annotation of parce que in relation to utterance modality. We provide elements in order to identify the terms connected by parce que which confirm the benefit of a twofold analysis of the corpus, from both a syntactic and a discursive point of view.
4

First and Second Language English Students in Tertiary Education: Reading and Academic Performance

Andor, Karen Erica 01 November 2006 (has links)
Student Number : 9305365T - MEd research report - School of Education - Faculty of Humanities / Previous studies have examined the issue of assessing university students and relating their performance on the assessment measures to their academic performance in South Africa (Butler & Van Dyk, 2004; Nel, Dreyer, & Kopper, 2004). Nel et al (2004) used a comprehensive assessment battery whereas Butler and Van Dyk (2004) used a single test, the ELSA-PLUS. However, there is very little research on the relationship between reading and academic performance (Onwuebuzie, Mayes, Arthur, Johnson, Robinson, Ashe, Elbedous & Collins, 2004). The Stanford Diagnostic Reading Test (SDRT) Blue Level was administered to 380 first year students in the one of the schools in an English medium university in South Africa at the beginning of 2005. 67 students volunteered to have their results used in the study of which 22 were English second language (L2) speakers and 43 were English first language (L1) speakers. The results showed that there were significant differences between the L1 and L2 students, where the performance of the L2 students was significantly weaker than that of the L1 students on the Reading Comprehension, Vocabulary, Word Parts and Structural Analysis subtests of the SDRT. However, it emerged that the SDRT is not a good predictive test for academic achievement for either L1 or L2 students.
5

Reading and academic performance of first and second English language grade 8 learners.

Krishnan, Khatpagam 19 March 2009 (has links)
Ten years into a democratic South Africa, significant changes have been witnessed in economic, social, political and educational development. Changes in the education system have resulted in many of the learners being encouraged to attend English medium schools although this is not their L1. Hence, there has been an increase of learners learning to read in a language that is not their first language. The transition from their home language to the language of learning is often not easy and impacts on their academic proficiency as well as academic development. This study investigated English reading abilities and academic performance of Grade 8 L1 and L2 learners attending an Ex-Model C school. The SDRT – Brown Level was used to assess the level of reading and its impact on academic achievement was investigated. Results show that the SDRT was highly correlated with, and a significant predictor of academic performance with certain tests being stronger predictors than others for L1 and L2 learners. Implications of these findings for the education of L1 and L2 learners are discussed.
6

Etude en corpus des réalisations linguistiques de la relation d'Elaboration

Vergez-Couret, Marianne 15 November 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Nous nous interrogeons dans cette thèse sur les réalisations linguistiques des relations de discours en considérant la relation d'Élaboration. Nous abordons cette étude en faisant appel aux approches et modèles de la structure du discours à des fins de description linguistique, de modélisation linguistique, d'exploration sur corpus et de traitement informatique de cette structure. La relation d'Élaboration a été jusqu'alors peu étudiée. On peut expliquer ce désintérêt pour cette relation par le fait que celle-ci n'a pas de marqueur prototypique. Pourtant cette relation est très présente dans les textes et occupe une place centrale dans les structures du discours. Nous adoptons, pour cette étude, une approche pragmatico-sémantique de la structure discursive en prenant pour modèle la Théorie des Représentations Discursives Segmentées (SDRT). L'absence de marqueurs types pour cette relation fait de son étude un champ d'observation propice à la confrontation des approches onomasiologique (partant de la relation) et sémasiologique (partant d'un marqueur ou d'un indice) que nous adoptons et articulons dans cette thèse. Notre objectif est double. Nous proposons des descriptions linguistiques de marqueurs, d'indices et de configurations d'indices pouvant enrichir un modèle du discours et permettre une identification automatique ou semi-automatique de la relation. Les premiers enjeux sont essentiellement empiriques. Nous souhaitons faire progresser des analyses descriptives sur cette relation. Les seconds enjeux sont plus applicatifs. Repérer automatiquement les relations de discours constitue un enjeu considérable pour des applications de traitement automatique des langues.
7

Intonation and discourse : biased questions

Asher, Nicholas, Reese, Brian January 2007 (has links)
This paper surveys a range of constructions in which prosody affects discourse function and discourse structure.We discuss English tag questions, negative polar questions, and what we call “focus” questions. We postulate that these question types are complex speech acts and outline an analysis in Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT) to account for the interactions between prosody and discourse.
8

Modes of processing influencing errors in reading comprehension.

Rogers, Shawn Catherine 12 November 2010 (has links)
Learner’s processing styles may play a vital role in their approach to learning, more specifically; the ability to make inferences plays an important role in all areas of language and learning and may contribute to difficulties learners are experiencing at school. It is therefore that the research was directed at investigating a possible relationship between the left hemispheric analytical and right hemispheric holistic processing styles and the types of errors inferential versus literal, made in reading comprehension tasks. The hemispheric processing styles were operationalised as the approach taken to the Rey- Osterreith Complex Figure (ROCF) and the types of errors made on the Stanford Diagnostic Reading Test (SDRT) across two levels of educational development. The sample consisted of grade 4 and grade 10 model C learners from the same schooling district. The data obtained from both assessments were subjected to correlation analyses, chi squared tests, analyses of variances (ANOVAs) and logistic regressions. Finally the results and associative conclusions indicated that there were only modest positive relationships between the predominant hemispheric processing styles and the error types on reading comprehension tasks and the demographics of the learners were the main contributors and accounted for the results discovered in the study as opposed to general hemispheric processing. Thus there is a need to understand the unique dynamics within the country and to explore alternatives to teaching practices to account for the variations evident in the classrooms.
9

Cohérence discursive et implicatures conversationnelles : analyses empiriques et théoriques vers un modèle pragmatique à l'échelle de la conversation

Meister, Fiona 08 1900 (has links)
Selon Asher (2013), la cohérence discursive force l’inférence de (1c) dans les exemples (1a)-(1b), expliquant ainsi l’(in)acceptabilité des exemples. (1) a. ‘John a un nombre pair d’enfants. Il en a 4.’ b. ‘ ? ?John a un nombre pair d’enfants. Il en a 3.’ c. +> John a n enfants et pas plus Nous avons tenté de déterminer si les implicatures nécessaires au maintien de la cohérence discursive sont systématiquement inférées en nous appuyant sur les théories de la RST et de la SDRT. Des tests linguistiques et la vérification du respect des contraintes sémantiques associées aux relations de discours ont mis en évidence deux catégories d’exemples contenant le quantificateur certains : ceux de type- RenfNA, dont les implicatures ne sont pas nécessaires à la cohérence et ceux de typeRenfA dans lesquels elles le sont. Nos tests ayant révélé que le renforcement est nécessaire dans les exemples de typeRenfA, nous avons conclu que les implicatures ne sont pas systématiquement inférées. Nous avons tenté d’apporter une explication à ce phénomène en effectuant des analyses de la structure discursive de nos exemples et avons démontré que dans les exemples de typeRenfNA, les relations de discours visent le constituant π∃ (certains), tandis que dans ceux de typeRenfA, le constituant π¬∀ (mais pas tous) est visé. Nos travaux ont démontré que les implicatures scalaires ne sont pas systématiquement inférées rendant parfois leur renforcement obligatoire. Nous avons également proposé un modèle à granularité fine prenant en compte la structure discursive et la pragmatique afin d’expliquer ce phénomène. / According to Asher (2013), discourse coherence forces the inference of (2c) in examples (2a)-(2b), thus explaining the (in)acceptability of these examples. (2) a. ‘John has an even number of children. He has 4.’ b. ‘??John has an even number of children. He has 3.’ c. +> John has n children and not more We attempted to determine whether the implicatures that are necessary to maintain discourse coherence are systematically inferred by drawing on the theories of RST and SDRT. Through linguistic tests and checking the respect of semantic constraints associated with discourse relations, we identified two categories of examples containing the quantifier some: typeRenfNA examples, in which implicatures are not necessary for discourse coherence, and typeRenfA examples in which they are. As our tests revealed that reinforcement is necessary in typeRenfA examples, we concluded that implicatures are not systematically inferred. We then attempted to explain this phenomenon. We performed analyses of the discourse structure of our examples and showed that in typeRenfNA examples, the discourse relations target the π∃ (some) constituent, while in typeRenfA examples, the π¬∀ (but not all) constituent is targeted. Thus, our work has shown that scalar implicatures are not systematically inferred, making implicature reinforcement sometimes mandatory. We also proposed a fine-grained model taking discourse structure and pragmatics into account to explain this phenomenon.

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