This thesis focuses on the surface patterning by using nanoporous block copolymer (BCP) stamps. Polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) was used as model BCP. Nanoporous BCP stamps were fabricated by replication of lithographically patterned silicon molds. Nanopores inside of BCP stamps were generated by swelling‐induced pore formation. A method for scanner-based capillary stamping (SCS) with spongy nanoporous BCP stamps was developed. First, in the course of stamps design using replication molding of PS-b-P2VP against surface-modified macroporous silicon molds, PS-b-P2VP fiber rings remaining on the macroporous silicon molds were obtained that allow immobilization of water drops on the hydrophobically modified surfaces of the macroporous silicon molds. Water drops immobilized by these rings can be prevented from dewetting within the PS‐b‐P2VP fiber rings. Second, after spongy nanoporous PS-b-P2VP stamps had been obtained, preliminary experiments with non-inked PS-b-P2VP stamps revealed that parts of the stamps’ contact elements can be lithographically transferred onto counterpart surfaces. As a result, arrays of nanostructured submicron PS‐b‐P2VP dots with heights of ∼100 nm onto silicon wafers and glass slides were produced. Lastly, the SCS technique was developed, which overcomes the limitation of time-consuming re-inking procedures associated with classical soft lithography including microcontact printing (µCP) and polymer pen lithography (PPL) with solid stamps, as well as the limitations regarding throughput of scanning probe‐based serial writing approaches such as nanoscale dispensing (NADIS) and other micropipetting techniques. In addition, sizes of stamped droplets can be controlled by adjusting surface wettability and dwell time.

Cette thèse vise à étudier l'interaction résonante d'un rayonnement laser avec une couche mince d'épaisseur sub-longueur d'onde de vapeur alcaline atomique confinée en nanocellule ; et les applications de détection qui en émergent.Nous nous concentrons sur la réflexion sélective se produisant à l'interface entre une fenêtre diélectrique et une vapeur résonante, et montrons que la dérivée des spectres de réflexion sélective est composée de résonances étroites dont les maxima correspondent aux positions des transitions atomiques. Ces résonances sont observées avec une largeur spectrale jusqu'à quinze fois plus fine que la largeur Doppler du milieu, et leurs amplitudes évoluent de façon linéaire avec celles des transitions. Grâce à ces propriétés et aux faibles épaisseurs de cellule pouvant être sondées, nous examinons les interactions atome-surface et mesurons le coefficient C3 de l'interaction de van der Waals.Nous présentons un modèle théorique décrivant l'interaction entre lumière quasi-résonante et nanocellule remplie d'une vapeur alcaline sous champ magnétique statique. Ce modèle se montre en excellent accord avec les résultats expérimentaux pour une large gamme de champs magnétiques depuis le régime Zeeman jusqu'au régime Paschen-Back. Au vu de ces résultats, nous proposons un concept de magnétomètre optique basé sur les nanocellules. Une preuve de faisabilité est présentée et une analyse en performance révèle un coefficient de variation des mesures de champs magnétiques inférieur à 5 % dans la gamme 0,4 - 2 kG. / This thesis is aimed at studying the resonant interaction of a laser radiation with an atomic alkali vapor layer of wavelength-scale thickness confined in an optical nanocell; and emerging sensing applications.We focus our attention on the selective reflection arising at the interface between a dielectric window and a resonant alkali vapor, and show that the derivative of selective reflection spectra exhibit narrow resonances whose maxima are located exactly at atomic resonance frequencies. These resonances are observed with a spectral linewidth up to fifteen times smaller than the Doppler linewidth of the medium and their amplitudes scale linearly with respect to the transitions ones. Owing to these properties and the possibility to probe thin atomic layers, we investigate atom-surface interaction and measure the C3 coefficient of the van der Waals interaction.We present a theoretical model describing the interaction of near-resonant laser light with alkali vapor-filled nanocell in the presence of an external static magnetic field. We show an excellent agreement between recorded and calculated spectra in a wide range of magnetic fields spanning from Zeeman to Paschen-Back regimes. Following these results, we propose a concept for a nanocell-based optical magnetometer. A proof of feasibility is presented and a performance analysis reveals a coefficient of variation for the magnetic field measurements less than 5% in the range 0.4 - 2 kG.

This study addresses a problem of speech disruption as an individual abruptly and without explanation stops speaking to those around her. The matter for investigation involves the meaning this event has for those who are closely involved with this individual either in a practical day to day way or in a continuing relationship.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The main contributions in this thesis include the selectively decentralized method in solving multi-agent reinforcement learning problems and the discretized Markov-decision-process (MDP) algorithm to compute the sub-optimal learning policy in completely unknown learning and control problems. These contributions tackle several challenges in multi-agent reinforcement learning: the unknown and dynamic nature of the learning environment, the difficulty in computing the closed-form solution of the learning problem, the slow learning performance in large-scale systems, and the questions of how/when/to whom the learning agents should communicate among themselves. Through this thesis, the selectively decentralized method, which evaluates all of the possible communicative strategies, not only increases the learning speed, achieves better learning goals but also could learn the communicative policy for each learning agent. Compared to the other state-of-the-art approaches, this thesis’s contributions offer two advantages. First, the selectively decentralized method could incorporate a wide range of well-known algorithms, including the discretized MDP, in single-agent reinforcement learning; meanwhile, the state-of-the-art approaches usually could be applied for one class of algorithms. Second, the discretized MDP algorithm could compute the sub-optimal learning policy when the environment is described in general nonlinear format; meanwhile, the other state-of-the-art approaches often assume that the environment is in limited format, particularly in feedback-linearization form. This thesis also discusses several alternative approaches for multi-agent learning, including Multidisciplinary Optimization. In addition, this thesis shows how the selectively decentralized method could successfully solve several real-worlds problems, particularly in mechanical and biological systems.

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18291号 / 工博第3883号 / 新制||工||1596(附属図書館) / 31149 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻 / (主査)教授 伊藤 紳三郎, 教授 木村 俊作, 教授 辻井 敬亘 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第18611号 / エネ博第307号 / 新制||エネ||63(附属図書館) / 31511 / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー応用科学専攻 / (主査)教授 大垣 英明, 教授 白井 康之, 教授 松田 一成 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Subscription articles: Theses and dissertations which contain embedded PJAs as part of the formal submission can be posted publicly by the awarding institution with DOI links back to the formal publications on ScienceDirect.doi:10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.069 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19578号 / 医博第4085号 / 新制||医||1013(附属図書館) / 32614 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 安達 泰治, 教授 開 祐司, 教授 妻木 範行 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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