On the basis of our investigation of the "Aldridge" catalyst, an alkali impregnated cobalt0-molybdate on an A1 203 support, for the water-gas shift, methanation, and ethanol dehydration reactions, we can make the following conclusions: 1. The cesium-impregnated "Aldridge" catalyst is highly active for the water-gas shift reaction under sulfur tolerant conditions. 2. The activity of this catalyst is strongly dependent upon the cesium:molybdenum molar ratio. The normalized first order rate constant increases with this ratio until an optimum is reached for the full strength and half strength catalyst. 3. The transition temperatures appeared only with the cesium-impregnated full and half strength catalysts, but not with the one-fifth catalysts. 4. The potassium-impregnated cobalt-molybdate catalyst is quite active, in Comparison to lithium- and sodium-impregnated versions. 5. The cesium-impregnated zinc-molybdate catalyst is not as active as the unimpregnated cobalt-molybdate. Its activity is approximately half that of catalyst "Z" at 400°C. 6. We don't believe that the "Aldridge" catalyst is a catalytic melt. / Master of Science

From a general point of view, the aim of this thesis is to study the appearance and the translation of the metaphor in a context that involves specialized texts. Our purpose is also to examine the historical expression of metaphor within aspects connected to its importance for creation of scientific terms. More precisely, the main object is to explore how metaphors have been used in the field of medical terminology and by which methods they have been translated across the languages. Our approach is based on the definition of conceptual metaphor conceived by Lakoff & Johnson as a product of projections made by the thought (mapping). According to that idea, the metaphor constitutes a universal and essential element of human language and, therefore, also a keystone of the human communication reproduced at every level of social activity. From the cognitive point of view, our approach is also based on the theory of blending proposed by Fauconnier & Turner. It is diachronic and multidisciplinary as well, which means that a particular focus has been placed on the etymology of medical terms, which we have explored in the scientific context where those terms have been created and used. The database in this study is composed of medical terms emerging from scientific texts that we have translated from French to Swedish.  During our analysis, we have explored the occurrence of conceptual metaphor across the source language and the target language (the last one is in fact represented in this thesis by four languages: French, Swedish, English and Polish). The translation methods have been analyzed according to the model of Vinay & Darbelnet.   Our result indicates that conceptual metaphor plays a crucial role in the creation of medical terminology. It indicates also that the conceptualization of a medical phenomenon (expressed by mapping and blending) is almost always preserved in its original form in the target language. This observation implies that cognitive factors are activated during the process of translation. Our conclusion is made within the historical and scientific context, in other words regarding the context where the metaphorical terms have been created and afterwards transferred to other languages.   Key words: conceptual metaphor, metaphorical term, cognitive, etymology, medicine, scientific language, mapping, blending, conceptual shift, linguistic shift, translation, source language, target language.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (SOQPSK) has the advantages of low sidelobes and high detection probability; however, its main lobe has a fixed width set by the number of constellation points. By slightly modifying the modulation scheme, the four constellation points of quadrature shift keying can be changed to M constellation points where M is a power of 2. After this change, the power spectral density (PSD) retains low sidelobes, and the desirable property of being able to detect the signal by integrating over two symbol periods is retained.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / FQPSK is the abbreviation for Feher Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (FQPSK) patented systems [1]. Digcom, Inc. licensed FQPSK products demonstrated significant spectral saving and RF power efficient robust BER performance advantages. These bit rate agile modems and Non Linearly Amplified (NLA) transceivers, DSP and hardware implementations, and in some instances “software-radios” (20kb/s to more than 100Mb/s) and RF frequency agile (from 150MHz to more than 40GHz) developments and systems have recently been demonstrated and deployed. The spectral efficiency, i.e., data throughput capability of the 1st generation of FQPSK, as demonstrated in initial Advanced Range Telemetry (ARTM) flight tests, approximately doubles while 2nd generation “FQPSK-2” systems have the potential to quadruple the spectral efficiency of operational PCM/FM telemetry systems and be backward compatible with the 1st generation of FQPSK technologies. It is also demonstrated that the spectral efficiency advantage of FQPSK over that of NLA power efficient GMSK, OQPSK and QPSK modulated transceivers is in the 50% to 300% range and that the potential spectral efficiency advantage of FQPSK-2 over GMSK [1] is in the 200% to 500% range. Based on extensive multi-year studies of alternative solutions for spectral and RF power efficient, robust BER performance systems, several commercial US and international organizations, AIAA, CCSDS, NASA, ESA, CCSDS and various programs of the US Department of Defense (DoD) concluded that FQPSK offers the most spectrally efficient high performance-high speed proven technology solutions and recommended FQPSK standardization for several data links. Initial DoD-ARTM Program Office Air-to-Ground L-band and S-band jet airborne telemetry Test and Evaluation (T&E) data, obtained during the summer of 1998 are briefly highlighted. These include simultaneosly tested FQPSK and PCM/FM. In these tests the following ARTM objectives have been demonstrated: (a) FQPSK approximately doubles the spectral efficiency of currently operational PCM/FM; (b) The Data Link Performance of these two systems is comparable. The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) draft modulation standard recommended to the DoD, NASA and CCSDS, was approved by the AIAA [23]. The AIAA standard recommends “that FQPSK modulation be immediately adopted as the interim increment–1 standard.”

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The Benefield Anechoic Facility (BAF), Edwards Air Force Base, California, is the largest anechoic military test facility in the world for testing developmental and operational electromagnetic equipment. Supervisors must often extend employees' work hours considerably in order to meet mission (i.e., test) timelines. Supervisors at the BAF currently have no accurate means of identifying when an employee's work performance is at risk of decreasing due to sleep deprivation, unbalanced circadian rhythms, and/or fatigue. Therefore, the focus of this research was to create a method for supervisors to effectively gauge the work performance levels of employees placed at risk for sleep deprivation. Thus, individual sleep data were collected for one week on eight volunteers at the BAF using assigned sleep monitoring devices known as Actigraphs. Extensive questionnaires were developed to determine volunteers' sleep pattern, demographics, and sleep history. For analysis purposes, the Fast Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST), based on the Sleep, Activity, Fatigue, and Task Effectiveness (SAFTE) model was used to determine how the performance level of each volunteer differed based on the amount of sleep acquired. The results demonstrated that as the week progressed and the volunteers' sleep decreased, the effectiveness of their work performance correspondingly decreased to a level where the safety of the test and the volunteers were both at risk. / Civilian, United States Air Force

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-08T15:36:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Julimária dos Santos Sousa - 2013.pdf: 2108671 bytes, checksum: 078b9c23bdda5094bfbfe1cfd5b7a386 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-09T15:46:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Julimária dos Santos Sousa - 2013.pdf: 2108671 bytes, checksum: 078b9c23bdda5094bfbfe1cfd5b7a386 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T15:46:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Julimária dos Santos Sousa - 2013.pdf: 2108671 bytes, checksum: 078b9c23bdda5094bfbfe1cfd5b7a386 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-30 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The urbanization and industrialization of Brazilian society promoted changes in the profile of the national economy. Among them, the generation of employment and income growth and domestic demand for goods and services can be verified over the years. In this process, the demand for products of the sugar industry was stimulated initially by demand for sugar and subsequently the demand for ethanol. The development of this sector in the country and its expansion in the Central / South, particularly in the State of Goiás, conditioned some dynamics in relation to agricultural land use. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the expansion of this sector from the expansion of formal employment in the municipalities of Goiás. Through the differential method, we seek to identify structural factors that influenced the dynamics of the expansion of this sector and stimulated the creation of jobs. Search results considering the timeframe 2001-2005, 2006-2010 and 2001 - 2010 in relation to structural variation, indicate that the expansion of the sector has been influenced by the dynamics of national activity. However, from 2006 locational factors such as tax incentives, presence of activities related to agriculture and the presence of industrial processing of sugar cane may have influenced the competitive dynamics that contributed to the performance of the activity in the state. / A urbanização e industrialização da sociedade brasileira promoveram alterações no perfil da economia nacional. Entre elas, a geração de emprego e renda e o crescimento da demanda interna por bens e serviços podem ser verificados ao longo dos anos. Neste processo, a demanda por produtos da indústria canavieira foi estimulada, inicialmente pela demanda por açúcar e posteriormente pela demanda por etanol. O desenvolvimento do setor sucroalcooleiro no país e a sua expansão na região Centro/ Sul, particularmente no Estado de Goiás, condicionou algumas dinâmicas no que diz respeito à ocupação do solo agrícola. Dessa maneira, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a expansão do setor sucroalcooleiro a partir da expansão do emprego formal nos municípios goianos. Através do método diferencial-estrutural buscamos identificar os fatores que influenciaram na dinâmica da expansão do setor sucroalcooleiro e estimularam a geração de empregos. Os resultados da pesquisa considerando o horizonte temporal 2001-2005, 2006-2010 e 2001 – 2010, em relação à variação estrutural, indicam que a expansão do setor foi influenciada pela dinâmica nacional da atividade. No entanto, a partir de 2006 fatores locacionais tais como incentivos fiscais, presença de atividades relacionadas à agropecuária e presença de unidades industriais de processamento de cana-de-açúcar podem ter condicionado as dinâmicas competitivas que contribuíram para o desempenho da atividade no estado.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:25:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandro Riquetti.pdf: 3330851 bytes, checksum: c7b3461400e9e6d802395b99ad09a901 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-13 / The profile of the Brazilian transport mode, mainly roads, has caused many problems for society and organizations. Among them are: the poor condition of roads, bringing risks of accidents and the rising cost of transportation, increased levels of congestion in metropolitan areas and ports, generating more pollution and, difficulty in disposing of the crop, especially for export due to low productivity of road transport over long distances. One possible solution to replace the use of road transport is intermodal transport (Modal Shift). However, there are bottlenecks that need to be overcome in order to encourage the use of intermodal transport by shippers. The speed of the railroad is still low compared to other countries. On some routes, rail fares are high compared to highways and transhipment terminals have low productivity, making the transit time high. In this context, this study aimed to identify the influence of Modal Shift in the relationship between Performance Management and Logistics. Based on theories of business logistics, this study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage of exploratory nature, aimed at, to know more deeply the management of logistics and intermodal transport processes. The data collected through interviews and processed by content analysis revealed important factors for the continuation of the second step. Thus, with the results of the previous step, we carried out the research of a descriptive nature in order to identify the influence of modal shift in the relationship between performance and logistics management. To this end, we used semi-structured questionnaires and applied with the managers of member companies will ANDA (National Association for the Promotion of Fertilizers). The responses collected were processed by descriptive statistics and multivariate, and showed that: a) intermodal (modal shift), although presented as mediating variable between the logistics management and performance, it falls short of being considered influential on the performance and logistics; b) logistics performance for the domestic fertilizer industry may result from actions such as reducing waste products when changing modes, increase the speed of trains, increase productivity in transhipment terminals and warehouses and employ more efficiently the information technology. Because of these results, it can be concluded that the Modal Shift is used by logistics managers as a means to seek a balance between the rates charged by road and rail and also there is a long way to moving toward competitive advantage, based on logistics. / O perfil da matriz brasileira de transportes, predominantemente rodoviário, tem causado diversos problemas à sociedade e às organizações. Dentre eles, destacam-se: o mau estado de conservação das rodovias, trazendo riscos de acidentes e elevando o custo do transporte; aumento dos níveis de congestionamento das regiões metropolitanas e portuárias, gerando mais poluição e; dificuldade de escoamento da safra, principalmente para exportação, devido à baixa produtividade do transporte rodoviário em longas distâncias. Uma solução possível em substituição ao uso do transporte rodoviário é o transporte intermodal (Modal Shift). Entretanto, existem gargalos que precisam ser superados de maneira a incentivar o uso do transporte intermodal pelos embarcadores. A velocidade das ferrovias ainda é baixa em comparação a outros países. Em algumas rotas, as tarifas ferroviárias são altas em comparação às rodovias e os terminais de transbordo têm baixa produtividade, tornando o tempo de trânsito elevado. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a influência do Modal Shift na relação entre Gestão Logística e Desempenho. Fundamentado nas teorias da logística empresarial, este estudo foi desenvolvido em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa, de natureza exploratória, teve por objetivo, conhecer com maior profundidade a gestão logística e os processos de transportes intermodais. Os dados coletados por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e tratadas pela análise de conteúdo revelaram fatores importantes para o prosseguimento da segunda etapa. Assim, de posse dos resultados da etapa anterior, realizou-se a pesquisa de natureza descritiva com o objetivo de identificar a influência do modal shift na relação entre a gestão logística e o desempenho. Para tanto, utilizou-se de questionários semi-estruturados e aplicados juntos aos gestores de empresas associadas á ANDA (Associação Nacional para a Difusão de Adubos). As respostas coletadas foram tratadas pelas estatísticas descritivas e multivariadas, e revelaram que: a) a intermodalidade (modal shift), embora tenha apresentado como variável mediadora entre a gestão logística e desempenho, ela está aquém de ser considerada influenciadora sobre o desempenho logístico e; b) o desempenho logístico para a indústria nacional de fertilizantes pode ser decorrente de ações como: reduzir o desperdício de produtos durante a troca de modais, aumentar a velocidade dos trens, aumentar a produtividade nos terminais de transbordo e armazéns e empregar com mais eficiência a tecnologia da informação. Por conta destes resultados, pode-se concluir que o Modal Shift é utilizado pelos gestores de logística como meio para buscar o equilíbrio entre as tarifas praticadas pelo transporte ferroviário e o rodoviário e, ainda, existe um longo percurso a ser caminhado para a vantagem competitiva, baseado na logística.

Previous literature has demonstrated that supplemental magnesium may have a prophylactic effect on noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). The purpose of this study was to replicate the findings of a previous investigation concerning the beneficial effects of supplemental magnesium on TTS in humans. Forty participants with normal hearing were divided into two groups, experimental and control. The experimental group received a single, 150 mg dose of supplemental magnesium and the control group received a placebo. After an hour in a quiet environment, all participants were exposed to a narrowband noise centered at 2000 Hz and presented at 105 dB SPL. Audiometric thresholds were measured for the frequency range 250 Hz - 8000 Hz prior to the noise exposure, and then immediately, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes post-noise exposure. Both groups experienced TTS at and above 2000 Hz. The largest TTS was observed immediately following the noise exposure in both groups. There was no significant difference in TTS between the experimental group and the control group. It was concluded that a single dose of 150 mg of supplemental magnesium was not effective in reducing or preventing TTS.

Dans un premier temps, nous étudions la continuité d'une <br />représentation $\theta$ du groupe topologique $G$ dans une algèbre de Banach $A$ en fonction du comportement de $\limsup_{u \rightarrow 1}\| \theta(u)-I \|$, où $1$ désigne l'élément unité de $G$ et $I$ celui de $A$. Nous obtenons aussi des résultats de continuité automatique pour une large catégorie de représentations de groupes. <br /><br />Nous étudions ensuite, dans des cas concrets le spectre de l'opérateur $S_M: E/M \rightarrow E/M$ défini par $S(f+M)=Sf +M$, c'est-à-dire la compression de $S$ à $E/M$ où $E$ est un espace de Banach, $S:E \rightarrow E$ un opérateur borné et $M$ un sous-espace vectoriel fermé invariant par $S$, c'est-à-dire vérifiant $S(M) \subset M$. D'abord nous nous plaçons dans des espaces de Banach $E$ de fonctions analytiques sur le disque unité pour lesquels le shift usuel $S:z \mapsto zf$ et le shift arrière $T: f \mapsto \frac{f-f(0)}{z}$ ont leur spectre égal au cercle unité et vérifient la condition de non-quasianalyticité. Nous montrons que si $f \in M$ admet une extension analytique à $\D \cup D(\zeta,r)$, avec $|\zeta|=1$, $f(\zeta)\neq 0$, alors $\zeta \notin Spec(S_M)$. Nous appliquons ce résultat à l'espace de Hardy pondéré $H_{\sigma_{\alpha}}(\D)$, avec $\sigma_{\alpha}(n)=e^{-n^{\alpha}}$, $n \geq 0$, $\alpha \in (\frac{1}{2},1)$.<br /><br />Enfin nous étudions une situation quasianalytique, celle des espaces $l^2(w,\Z)$ à poids "$\log$-impairs". Soit $L$ un arc fermé non vide du cercle unité; nous montrons que la construction de Y.Domar de sous-espaces invariants par translations pour les espaces $l^2(w,\Z)$ vérifiant une condition naturelle de régularité, permet d'obtenir des sous-espaces $M_L$ tels que $Spec (S_{M_L})=L$, où $S: (u_n)_{n \in \Z} \mapsto (u_{n-1})_{n \in \Z}$ désigne le shift bilatéral usuel sur $l^2(w,\Z)$.

During the last decade, the global liquefied natural gas (LNG) market altered substantially. Significant investments have been realized, traded volumes increased and contracting structures gained in flexibility. Various governance forms co-exist, including the poles of spot market transactions and vertical integration as well as numerous hybrid forms such as long-term contracts, joint ventures, and strategic partnerships. This dissertation empirically investigates, based on transaction cost economics and recent extensions thereof, which motivations drive companies towards the choice of hierarchical governance forms. First, the likelihood of vertical integration and the impact of inter-organizational trust as a shift parameter accounting for differences in the institutional environment are analyzed. Estimation results confirm transaction cost economics by showing that relationship-specific investments in an uncertain environment drive LNG companies to invest in successive stages along the value chain. Furthermore, the presence of inter-organizational trust increases the likelihood of less hierarchical governance modes. Second, alternative theories of the firm are linked in order to explain the menu of strategic positions recently observed in this dynamic market. Estimation results support the positioning-economizing perspective of the firm. The three strategic choices of target market position, resource profile, and organizational structure are interdependent. Third, the determinants of optimal contract length as a trade-off between the minimization of transaction costs due to repeated bilateral bargaining and the risk of being bound in an inflexible agreement in uncertain environments is discussed. Estimation results show that the presence of high asset specificity results in longer contracts whereas the need for flexibility in today’s LNG market supports shorter agreements. When firms have experience in bilateral trading, contract duration decreases. In addition, countries heavily reliant on natural gas imports via LNG are often willing to forgo some flexibility in favor of supply security. Contracts dedicated to competitive downstream markets on average are shorter than those concluded with customers in non-liberalized importing countries.