Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學敎育學院. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-186). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue jiao yu xue yuan. / Chapter 第一章 --- 導言 --- p.1 / 問題說明 --- p.1 / 有關文献 --- p.12 / Chapter 第二章 --- 研究方法 --- p.23 / Chapter 第一節 --- 根據專家理論的分析比較 --- p.24 / Chapter 第一目 --- 教學的目標 --- p.24 / Chapter 第二目 --- 教材的篇章 --- p.47 / Chapter 第三目 --- 教材的分類 --- p.82 / Chapter 第四目 --- 教材的分配 --- p.85 / Chapter 第五目 --- 教材的選擇 --- p.89 / Chapter 第六目 --- 教材的編排 --- p.95 / Chapter 第七目 --- 教材的附篇 --- p.102 / Chapter 第二節 --- 根據問卷調查的分析比較 --- p.109 / Chapter 第一目 --- 確立原則 --- p.110 / Chapter 第二目 --- 設計問卷 --- p.116 / Chapter 第三目 --- 調查研究 --- p.127 / Chapter 第四目 --- 資料統計 --- p.129 / Chapter 第五目 --- 資料分析 --- p.161 / Chapter 第三章 --- 結論 --- p.171 / 附註 --- p.178 / 參考文獻 --- p.181 / 附錄 --- p.187

by Li Yuk-keung, Daniel. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves 110-116. / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1) --- AIMS OF THE STUDY --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2) --- REVIEW OF LITERATURE --- p.5 / On Comparative Approach and Methodology in Education and Physical Education --- p.5 / "On Curriculum, Teacher Education Curriculum, and PETE (PE Teacher Education) Curriculum" --- p.9 / On PETE Curriculum in a Comparative Perspective --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3) --- DEFINITIONS --- p.24 / Curriculum --- p.24 / Physical Education --- p.25 / Chapter 1.4) --- JUSTIFICATIONS ON THE COMPARABILITY OF HONG KONG AND SINGAPORE --- p.27 / Chapter 1.5) --- SCOPE OF THE STUDY --- p.29 / Chapter 1.6) --- METHOD OF STUDY --- p.30 / Framework of the Study --- p.30 / Framework for Analysis and Interpretation --- p.32 / Elaboration on Curriculum Purpose --- p.35 / Elaboration on Curriculum Content --- p.37 / Elaboration on Curriculum Organization --- p.38 / Elaboration on Curriculum Evaluation --- p.40 / Procedure --- p.44 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- HONG KONG AND SINGAPORE PETE CURRICULA: A DESCRIPTION --- p.45 / Chapter 2.1) --- HONG KONG PETE SYSTEM AND THE RESPECTIVE PETE CURRICULA --- p.45 / Purpose --- p.49 / Content and Organization --- p.51 / Evaluation --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2) --- SINGAPORE PETE SYSTEM AND THE RESPECTIVE PETE CURRICULA --- p.54 / Purpose --- p.55 / Content and Organization --- p.56 / Evaluation --- p.58 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- HONG KONG AND SINGAPORE PETE CURRICULA: AN INTERPRETATION --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1) --- AN INTERPRETATION OF THE HONG KONG PETE CURRICULA --- p.61 / Purpose --- p.61 / Content --- p.67 / Organization --- p.71 / Evaluation --- p.74 / Chapter 3.2) --- AN INTERPRETATION OF THE SINGAPORE PETE CURRICULA --- p.76 / Purpose --- p.76 / Content --- p.80 / Organization --- p.81 / Evaluation --- p.83 / Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- HONG KONG AND SINGAPORE PETE CURRICULA: A JUXTAPOSITION --- p.87 / Purpose --- p.88 / Content --- p.89 / Organization --- p.90 / Evaluation --- p.91 / Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- HONG KONG AND SINGAPORE PETE CURRICULA: A COMPARISON --- p.92 / Chapter 5.1) --- A COMPARISON OF THE PURPOSES OF CURRICULA --- p.92 / Chapter 5.2) --- A COMPARISON OF THE CONTENTS OF CURRICULA --- p.93 / Substantive Contents --- p.96 / Chapter 5.3) --- A COMPARISON OF THE ORGANIZATION OF CURRICULA --- p.98 / Scope --- p.98 / Sequence --- p.100 / Chapter 5.4) --- A COMPARISON OF THE EVALUATION OF CURRICULA --- p.101 / Chapter 5.5) --- A COMPARISON OF THE STRENGTH AND WEAKNESSES OF CURRICULA --- p.103 / Chapter CHAPTER 6. --- RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUDING REMARKS --- p.106 / Purpose --- p.106 / Content --- p.107 / Organization --- p.107 / Evaluation --- p.108 / Concluding Remarks --- p.108 / REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.110 / APPENDIX (Assessment of Students for Internal Promotion and Requirements Leading to the Awards of a Teacher's Certificate in Hong Kong) --- p.117

This Bachelors essay takes an in-depth look at how meaning is created through advertisements with references to art. What reasons can be found for why art, a phenomenon that draws highly on analogue reactions, is still widely used in advertisements today in a society that is more and more digitalized. Through a strategic selection of ads picked to illustrate variations in how art is used in advertising, different forms of how meaning is created through these ads are analysed. Semiotic analyses are applied to six different ads that all use art in some way. Methods such as social semiotics and multimodal analysis-tools lay the foundation for how the analyses are made. The semiotic analysis focuses on distinguishing certain factors of the ads that motivate the use of famous artworks. Based on results from previous research in the field I choose to look at three different reasons to why artworks are used in advertisements; humour, seriousness and exclusivity. Furthermore, this bachelors essay also includes a comparative analysis. Half of the advertisements included were produced in Sweden, the other half in Singapore. This comparative aspect of the essay is motivated by the fact that Sweden and Singapore are the two most digitalized countries in the world. This led to an interest in whether the analogue reactions which advertising with references to art are based on may differ between these two countries. The study shows that humour and exclusivity are the two main functions that give reason to the use of art in the analysed advertisements. Furthermore, the semiotic analyses found that humour-based ads tend to depend more on the relation between words and image to create meaning. Advertisements based on exclusivity tend to be more reliant on the visual aspects of the image. A tendency towards visual links between the products and the artwork used in the advertisements could also be found. The comparative aspect of the study found a similar focus on humour and exclusivity in the advertisements, though different forms of humour. A more transparent use of exclusivity in the advertisements from Singapore than the Swedish ones could also be distinguished.

Tung Kwok Wah Henri. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2003-2004, design report." / Chapter 01. --- The Story Line --- p.p.01 - p.06 / Chapter 02. --- The System --- p.p.07 - p.08 / Chapter 03. --- Design Vol. 1 - the fabric --- p.p.09 - p.11 / Chapter 04. --- Design Vol. 2 - 1/2 park + 1/2 plant --- p.p.12 - p.26 / Chapter 05. --- The research part A - Newater plant (Singapore) --- p.p.27 - p.37 / Chapter 06. --- The researh part B - Water Background --- p.p.38 - p.48 / Chapter 07. --- The research part C - Rotomolding --- p.p.49 - p.57

La question de la biodiversité urbaine a pris une place importante au sein des politiques publiques à toutes les échelles, y compris celle de la ville. Initialement conçue comme une adhésion générique à une éthique de la conservation de la biodiversité et aux grands objectifs internationaux de la part des villes, la biodiversité est désormais sujette à un processus de technicisation, de traduction en objectifs mesurables. Cette thèse se situe à ce carrefour, entre la notion abstraite de biodiversité urbaine et sa traduction en éléments tangibles. En partant du simple postulat que mesurer ne veut pas uniquement dire quantifier, nous nous sommes interrogés sur ce que peut être une mesure de la biodiversité urbaine. A travers cette problématique, nous avons questionné autant la mesure officielle, le City Biodiversity index, produit par une équipe d’experts singapouriens (ce que la mesure est) ; que l’existence d’autres manières de produire une mesure n’ayant pas la quantification comme convention préalable (ce que la mesure pourrait être). Cette approche a donné lieu à deux terrains distincts : le premier au sein de l’équipe singapourienne dirigeant le processus de création de l’indice, et le second, au sein d’une association d’apiculteurs urbains agissant en faveur de la biodiversité urbaine, localisée à Fontenay-sous-Bois. Par une comparaison expérimentale des deux processus de mise en mesure, nous avons pu, d’une part, enquêter sur la façon de traduire une notion en mesure, et d’autre part, interroger les contenus mêmes de la notion. Ainsi, nous avons cherché à démontrer que la mesure existante de la biodiversité urbaine se caractérise en tant qu’espace d’exercice du pouvoir de la part de la ville-État de Singapour, un espace de compétition par instruments (et des villes globales qui les portent), afin de devenir la référence internationale en matière de biodiversité urbaine. L’expérience quotidienne des apiculteurs urbains, quant à elle, nous a permis de montrer qu’il existe d’autres façons d’articuler concrètement la notion de biodiversité urbaine et de se donner une mesure pour agir et (s’) évaluer. Il s’agit dans ce cas d’une mesure qualitative faite d’indications, plutôt que d’indicateurs, des indications en évolution, mais qui concrétisent une notion floue comme celle de la biodiversité urbaine. Enfin, à travers la comparaison, nous avons pu observer et analyser l’émergence d’espaces d’intelligibilité partagés entre les deux perspectives, et ainsi sont devenues visibles des configurations possibles de la notion de biodiversité urbaine. / The issue of urban biodiversity has become an important part of public policy at all levels. Originally conceived as a generic endorsement of a biodiversity conservation ethics, aimed at joining up with the major international objectives of urban sustainability, urban biodiversity is today undergoing a process of technicization, meant to translate a set of concepts into measurable objectives. It is precisely on this conceptual crossroads that the present analysis focuses, namely, between the abstract notion of urban biodiversity and its translation into tangible features. Starting from the assumption that ‘quantification’ is first of all an agreement on what one wants to measure of a concept, this research explores what an urban biodiversity measure might be. In other words, we question both the internationally recognized measure developed by a team of Singaporean experts, the so-called City Biodiversity Index (what the measure is), and the existence of other ways of producing a measurement without the help of a quantitative convention (what the measure might be). From such theoretical framework two distinct types of field works derived: the first, with the Singaporean team leading the index’s creation process; the second, with an association of urban beekeepers in Fontenay-sous-Bois, working to preserve urban biodiversity. By an experimental comparison of the two measurement processes, we were able, on the one hand, to figure out how a notion is translated into a measure and, on the other, to challenge the very contents of the notion. We sought to demonstrate that the current urban biodiversity measure is a space of “competition by instruments”, namely, a space of power exercised by Singapore’s city-state with the aim of becoming the urban biodiversity international model. The daily experience of the urban beekeepers, instead, showed that there are alternative ways to concretely translate the notion of urban biodiversity, i.e., through indications rather than indicators, and create in this way a concreate measure of the concept. Finally, by comparing the two contexts, we have been able to observe and analyze the emergence of ‘shared spaces of intelligibility’ and thus of others potential configurations of the notion of urban biodiversity.

Maintaining relationships and interacting socially are essential aspects of children’s occupational performance. Social participation occurs during many childhood occupations such as play and school work. Rather than assessing social skills deficits in isolation, occupational therapists are well placed to assess and treat children with difficulties in social participation during their daily childhood occupations. The existing models of social competence fail to consider or describe the social skills required during learning-related tasks. Therefore, a comprehensive model is needed to guide occupational therapists in understanding social competence during both interpersonal and learning-related social tasks and in specific contexts (e.g., early childhood settings) (Lim & Rodger, 2008). Background and Research Aims: “Social participation” falls within the occupational therapy domain of concern according to the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (2nd edition) (American Occupational Therapy Association [AOTA], 2008), However, surveys conducted in the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada indicate that there has been limited provision of services for children with poor social skills compared to areas such as sensory processing, motor skill development and visual perceptual skills training (Brown, Rodger, Brown, & Roever, 2005; Howard, 2002; Rodger, Brown, & Brown, 2005). Factors such as a limited knowledge of available tools and limited access to social skills models have hampered occupational therapists’ accurate assessment of social skills (Doble, Bonnell, & Magill-Evans, 1991). This study was conducted in Singapore, where generally there has been limited occupational therapy research, and even less in specific early childhood and school environments. High levels of proficiency in pre-literacy and mathematic skills are expected of young Singaporean children (Ko, 1992; Tan, 2007). With the emphasis on gaining academic skills to be ready for primary education from as early as 3 to 4 years of age, Singaporean children are also expected to demonstrate compliance and ability to sit still while attending to a lesson (Tan, 2007). Hence, it is important to conduct research on specific cultural contexts such as early childhood environments in Singapore. The early childhood literature has begun to differentiate between interpersonal social skills (IPS) and learning-related social skills (LRSS). IPS is needed for maintaining friendships and engaging in play, while LRSS is required for positive classroom behaviours (e.g., staying on task) (McClelland & Morrison, 2003). This research aimed to investigate the validity of the Proposed Model of Social Competence relevant to occupational therapists working with children in early childhood settings. First, this study aimed to investigate whether LRSS and IPS exist as separate unidimensional constructs as suggested in the Proposed Model of Social Competence and second, how these constructs contribute towards young children’s social competence. This research also intended to identify reliable and valid instruments that can be used for the comprehensive assessment of children’s social competence by therapists and educators in early childhood settings. Methodology and Study Findings First, a preliminary content validity study with Singaporean and Australian experts was conducted to investigate whether LRSS and IPS were represented by items from two pre-existing behaviour rating questionnaires (Lim, Rodger & Brown, 2010b). Next, in the main study, 117 young children (aged 3 to 6 years) were assessed using a combination of naturalistic observational tools and behaviour rating questionnaires. The children were observed during free play and school work tasks and their teachers completed two behaviour rating questionnaires regarding the children’s social skills. Rasch analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed in this study to analyse the data. Results from the content validity study indicated that the two behaviour rating questionnaires selected for inclusion in this study contained items representing IPS and LRSS. In addition, the experts found it clinically useful to consider IPS and LRSS as two separate constructs exhibited by young children. In the main study, IPS and LRSS were found to exist as separate unidimensional constructs, in addition to two other constructs named Compliance and Group Social Interaction which were found to also exist. Scales with acceptable measurement properties were found within the existing social skills assessment tools to measure these constructs. Furthermore, the CFA revealed Social Competence as an underlying multidimensional factor that was composed of the four indicator variables IPS, LRSS, Compliance, and Group Social Interaction. As a result of this study, the Proposed Model of Social Competence was revised. Conclusions and Recommendations Different social skills constructs that contributed to social competence in young children were identified and validated in the study. As Social Competence is a multi-dimensional factor, it is insufficient to assess only children’s interpersonal social skills. The Model of Social Competence-Revised aims to guide occupational therapists and other professionals to consider different types of social skills and elements that may contribute to poor social competence. Depending on the different presenting concerns, practitioners can select specific instruments to assess the different types of social skills identified in this research. Instead of designing new assessment tools that measure newly hypothesised constructs, this study demonstrated a novel approach to extend the validity of existing instruments to measure new constructs (Lim, Rodger & Brown, 2010a). This thesis has extended the extant body of literature by presenting the development, testing, and revision of a proposed theoretical model to assess young children’s social competence within early childhood contexts. This thesis has also contributed by identifying and validating existing assessment tools that can be used to evaluate the different social skills constructs observed in young children within early childhood environments.

This dissertation explains why Taiwan and South Korea experienced democratic breakthrough in the late 1980s, when Singapore failed to do so. It explains this variation in democratic outcomes by specifying the causal mechanisms underpinning the international-domestic political interface of democratic development in these cases. New empirical evidence discovered in the course of this research has confirmed that transnational networks of nonstate and substate actors were an indisputable source of external pressures on the authoritarian governments of Taiwan, South Korea and Singapore during the late 1970s and early 80s. Foreign human rights activists, Christian missionaries and ecumenical workers, members of overseas diaspora communities, journalists, academics and students, along with legislators in key democratic countries allied to the target governments, were found to have raised the international profile of political repression by flagging them as reprehensible human rights abuses. Within the context of an international normative environment where human rights was increasingly considered a legitimate international concern, these transnational actors generated a negative international opinion of the target governments. Such grassroots pressures had the potential to raise the cost of political repression for these target governments with the effect of curbing repressive state behavior, thereby protecting key domestic actors with the potential to effect democratic breakthrough. The extent to which these external pressures could effectively constrain repressive state behavior depended, however, on the immediate geopolitical circumstances of each case. Geopolitical circumstances were also important because they could affect the strength of the protection regime. Thus, the exposition of the transnational protection regime as the causal mechanism underpinning the international-domestic political interface of democratic development requires that we specify the exact role of agency within the international normative and geopolitical contexts in which they operate. This dissertation develops such an abstracted causal model for the purposes of application in other cases and for policy analysis.

This dissertation explains why Taiwan and South Korea experienced democratic breakthrough in the late 1980s, when Singapore failed to do so. It explains this variation in democratic outcomes by specifying the causal mechanisms underpinning the international-domestic political interface of democratic development in these cases. New empirical evidence discovered in the course of this research has confirmed that transnational networks of nonstate and substate actors were an indisputable source of external pressures on the authoritarian governments of Taiwan, South Korea and Singapore during the late 1970s and early 80s. Foreign human rights activists, Christian missionaries and ecumenical workers, members of overseas diaspora communities, journalists, academics and students, along with legislators in key democratic countries allied to the target governments, were found to have raised the international profile of political repression by flagging them as reprehensible human rights abuses. Within the context of an international normative environment where human rights was increasingly considered a legitimate international concern, these transnational actors generated a negative international opinion of the target governments. Such grassroots pressures had the potential to raise the cost of political repression for these target governments with the effect of curbing repressive state behavior, thereby protecting key domestic actors with the potential to effect democratic breakthrough. The extent to which these external pressures could effectively constrain repressive state behavior depended, however, on the immediate geopolitical circumstances of each case. Geopolitical circumstances were also important because they could affect the strength of the protection regime. Thus, the exposition of the transnational protection regime as the causal mechanism underpinning the international-domestic political interface of democratic development requires that we specify the exact role of agency within the international normative and geopolitical contexts in which they operate. This dissertation develops such an abstracted causal model for the purposes of application in other cases and for policy analysis.

The first Speak Good English Movement, SGEM, took place in 2000, and has been organized annually ever since. Speaking a “standard” form of English is considered to bring increased personal power. However, the SGEM wants the Singaporeans to use “standard” English in their private life as well. A decade after the beginning of the campaign, a Speak Good Singlish Movement was started. Based on studies of language and identity, it is understandable why some Singaporeans might feel the SGEM threatens their identity. However, the reactions towards the campaign are mainly positive. For the purposes of this analysis, Twitter messages, Facebook pages, and newspaper articles from The Straits Times were collected. The SGEM has hailed both direct and indirect praise and criticism in both social and traditional media: Five newspaper articles praise the campaign while five criticize it; the results are nine and seven respectively for social media. This thesis looks at reactions towards the SGEM in both social and traditional media, analyzes how these reactions might relate to the ideas of the power of language, its variety and the relation of language and identity.

Master's thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.