Diploma thesis Single-Party Regimes in Comparison: China, Malaysia and Singapore is devoted to non-democratic regimes in which one party dominates and which legitimize by the concept of Asian values. The first part deals with the most important typologies and to approaches to explore single-party regimes. The second part introduced changes and the very concept of Asian values according to which democracy is unsuitable for Asian countries because of cultural differences. Other parts are devoted to describe the regimes in China, Malaysia and Singapore, which are classified into different typologies. The aim of the work is to show that Asian values don't explain the genesis of these regimes or their forms of non- democratic governance.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(理学) / 乙第12814号 / 論理博第1540号 / 新制||理||1577(附属図書館) / 31301 / (主査)准教授 半谷 吾郎, 教授 湯本 貴和, 教授 高田 昌彦 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Blockmodellen är en visuell problemlösningsstrategi som kommer från Singapore och som används för att lösa matematiska problemlösningsuppgifter. Modellen används i allt fler svenska skolor men trots det saknas svensk forskning inom området. Syftet med denna studie är att ge en bild av hur svenska mellanstadieelever, som är bekanta med Blockmodellen, använder den i problemlösning. Detta syfte besvaras med följande två forskningsfrågor: På vilka olika sätt använder elever i åk 5 Blockmodellen och vilka svårigheter framträder? På vilka olika sätt beskriver elever i åk 5 att Blockmodellen är till stöd för dem vid problemlösning? Studien genomförs genom att 36 elever i åk 5, som i skolans undervisning använder sig av Blockmodellen, gör ett skriftligt test med problemlösningsuppgifter och därefter intervjuas åtta av dessa elever individuellt. För att analysera materialet användes meningskategorisering som metod. Resultatet visar att de svårigheter som framträder är: svårigheter med att rita en modell, problem med översättning mellan modellen och beräkningar och att flera elever tror att de ska dividera med det totala antalet block för att räkna ut värdet av ett block. I studien framkommer det att elever beskriver att Blockmodellen hjälper dem att urskilja den viktiga informationen i textuppgiften och att de uppritade blocken hjälper dem att förstå problemet på ett bättre sätt. En slutsats som dragits av denna studie är att undervisningen behöver ge eleverna en djup förståelse för Blockmodellen för att de ska kunna använda den framgångsrikt i problemlösning. / The Bar Model is a visual problem-solving strategy that comes from Singapore and that is used to solve mathematical problem-solving tasks. The model is becoming more frequent in Swedish schools but despite this there is a lack of Swedish research in the area. The purpose of this study is to provide a picture of how Swedish intermediate school students, who are familiar with the Bar Model, use it in problem solving. This purpose is answered with the following two research questions: In what different ways do students in grade 5 use the Bar Model and what difficulties appear? In what different ways do students in grade 5 describe that the Bar Model is a support for them in problem solving? The study is conducted by having 36 students in grade 5, who use the Bar model in school teaching, conduct a written test with problem-solving tasks and then eight of these students are then interviewed individually. To analyze the material, sentence categorization was used as a method. The results show that the difficulties that emerge are: difficulties in drawing a model, problems with translation between the model and calculations and that several students think that they should divide by the total number of blocks to calculate the value of one block. The study shows that students describe that the Bar Model helps them to distinguish the important information in the text task and that the drawn blocks help them to understand the problem in a better way. A conclusion drawn from this study is that teaching needs to give students a deep understanding of the Bar Model for them to be able to use it successfully in problem solving.

During the 21st century, more people will reside in cities than in rural areas for the first time in human history. As cities expand to accommodate their growing population, pressure is mounting on local biodiversity and the ecosystems they support. This prompted the U.N. Convention on Biological Diversity - in collaboration with the City of Singapore - to develop a biodiversity index specifically for cities. In 2014, the final draft of the City Biodiversity Index was released. Twenty-three indicators comprise three categories that assess: native biodiversity, ecosystem services, and municipal support for local biodiversity. A case-study was designed for Starkville, MS to better understand the merits of the index and its application to small rural town planning. The research illuminated the breadth and flexibility of the index across multiple scales and the availability of local resources to deliver a meaningful biodiversity analysis.

The study investigates the discrimination of migrant workers in Singapore during the Covid-19 pandemic. The singaporian government applied different pandemic restrictions for migrant workers in contrast with other visa holders during the whole pandemic, ranging from quarantines to pass applications. By using the theories of T.H Marshall as an analytical tool, a comparison is made how different restrictions affected both migrant workers and other visa holders. The study shows that migrant workers were severely discriminated against by the singaporian government during the pandemic, and that in all analytical categories studied they were worse off than the compared group. The study also shows that Marshall’s theory of social rights appeared appropriate for the analysis, but needed slight developments to be applied correctly for the purposes of the study.

Corruption exists in all societies, and often takes place behind closed doors. Corruption can take many different forms, such as when public employees demand or accept payment or favours in exchange for their services, when politicians misuse public funds or give public contracts or jobs to their friends, family, or sponsors, or when businesses bribe officials to secure advantageous agreements (Transparency, n.d). Transparency defines corruption as “the abuse of entrusted power for private gain” (Transparency, n.d).  In some societies corruption is a rare occurrence while in other countries it permeates the whole society. This study aims to see patterns in non-corrupt countries' anti-corruption strategies as well as patterns in corrupt countries' anti-corruption strategies.  Singapore and Denmark are two nations that consistently score highly on the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), a sign of a less corrupt culture. However, countries like Thailand and Iran consistently score poorly on the CPI, suggesting a larger corruption issue (Transparency, 2022). This paper aims to provide an overview in the form of a comparative desk study of the anti-corruption measures of the four countries and to draw comparisons between them, to determine whether less corrupt countries combat corruption in a different way than more corrupt countries. What this study has found is that strong institutions and anti-corruptions agencies given the right amount of tools and independence are more likely to be able to combat corruption in countries; rather than fragile institutions and anti-corruption agencies who are politicised and controlled by the government.

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University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education