The objective of this work was to integrate an optical receiver in a modern standard technology in a form amenable to multiple lanes. To accomplish this goal, a photodiode was integrated with the receiver in a standard 90nm CMOS process and the nominal process voltage of 1.2V was not exceeded. Two optical lanes were integrated on chip with a pitch compatible with existing industry photodiode arrays. This work uses a non-SML photodiode to increase optical responsivity to 0.141A/W, almost 3 times higher than values typically reported for SML photodiodes. This receiver is the first integrated optical receiver reported in a standard CMOS technology with a feature size smaller than 0.13μm, which is necessary for the eventual integration of optical receivers with modern digital processing blocks on a single die. The traditional analog equalizer used in most integrated optical receivers is replaced with a high-pass filter and hysteresis latch for equalization. The receiver occupies a core area of 0.197mm2 and has an optical sensitivity of -3.7dBm at a 2Gbps data rate, while consuming 46.3mW.

The objective of this work was to integrate an optical receiver in a modern standard technology in a form amenable to multiple lanes. To accomplish this goal, a photodiode was integrated with the receiver in a standard 90nm CMOS process and the nominal process voltage of 1.2V was not exceeded. Two optical lanes were integrated on chip with a pitch compatible with existing industry photodiode arrays. This work uses a non-SML photodiode to increase optical responsivity to 0.141A/W, almost 3 times higher than values typically reported for SML photodiodes. This receiver is the first integrated optical receiver reported in a standard CMOS technology with a feature size smaller than 0.13μm, which is necessary for the eventual integration of optical receivers with modern digital processing blocks on a single die. The traditional analog equalizer used in most integrated optical receivers is replaced with a high-pass filter and hysteresis latch for equalization. The receiver occupies a core area of 0.197mm2 and has an optical sensitivity of -3.7dBm at a 2Gbps data rate, while consuming 46.3mW.

Sychra, P. Apllication of the CAPM on the US, European and Japanese stock market. Diploma thesis. Brno, 2014 The thesis is focused on the Capital Asset Pricing model (CAPM) and it's explicatory ability in diferent stock market. Ability to determine stock returns is tested on the historical dates of 10 selected companies in each market. Testing is performed on the wide range of investments horizons, and these horizons are following 1, 5, 10 and 15 years. Testing showed that model is not capable to explain stock returns only on the basic of systematic risk, expressed by beta coefficient.

En hotellbyggnad i orten Mariefred. Undersöker rummet som skapas i mellanrummet mellan mindre tyngre volymer, där hotellrum och andra privata program ryms.  Ett hotell ligger i en ort men befolkas av människor från en annan. Du har nog aldrig varit på det hotell som ligger i din egen hemort, men antalet hotell besökta i andra städer och länder är desto fler. Det gamla stadshotellet från förra sekelskiftet som fungerade som mötesplats för lokalbefolkningen är nu svår att hitta. I detta hotell riktas större delen av hotellet mot mariefredsborna. Besökarna kommer ju hit ändå? Huset fungerar som en mötesplats mariefredsbor emellan, men självklart också till turister och hotellgäster. Hotellet agerar också som en länk mellan Gripsholms slott och Mariefred som ort. Något mellan den stora staden och den lilla besökaren. I och med hotellets placering som stadsport sammanfattar den staden i tegel, trä, stort, litet, mariefredsbor och turister. S,M,L symboliserar alltså det lilla, det stora och hotellet därimellan. / A hotel building in the town of Mariefred. Examines the room created in the gap between smaller heavier volumes, where hotel rooms and other private programs are placed. A hotel is located in one city but populated by people from another. You have probably never been to the hotel located where you live, but the number of hotels visited in other cities and countries are several. The typical swedish cityhotel from the early 20th century that served as a meeting place for locals is now difficult to find. In this project, main focus has been on the locals and towards Mariefred. Visitors will come here anyway? The house serves as a meeting place between people from Mariefred, but of course also for tourists and hotel guests. The hotel also acts as a link between the castle of Gripsholm and Mariefred city. Something between the big city and the small visitor. With the hotel's position as a portal to the city, it summarizes the town of brick, wood, large, small, people from Mariefred and tourists. S, M, L symbolizes thus the small, the great and the hotel in between.

Since energy meters became more advanced and able to send data remotely, energy suppliers have had a need to keep their data managed. This gave birth to energy management systems which gather data from energy meters. However, for every type of meter there needs to be a specialization in the management system. Smart Metering Language (SML) is a protocol which was created to transfer meter data in as simple way as possible. Implementing the protocol would result in simpler and less vendor-specific solutions for energy management systems. This report follows the process of developing an adaptor between a device using the SML protocol and a system that manages energy meters. The thesis uses different parts of the development process in able to show specializations which were needed by the test device and its vendor.  The result sums up the experience of developing an adaptor and the specializations which are needed in the SML protocol.

É usual falar da onipresença dos documentos de texto e na quantidade de informação não estruturada, armazenada sob a forma de arquivos com documentos de texto em linguagem natural. Este fato torna-se mais dramático no domínio jurídico, onde o texto é a ferramenta básica de trabalho dos profissionais da área, tanto na forma das fontes de consulta, i.e., a legislação, como no principal produto da atividade jurídica, especificamente a criação de documentos escritos. Desde a invenção do editor de texto existem iniciativas de utilização de tecnologias da informação para auxiliar a geração, armazenamento e consulta de documentos jurídicos. Dentre os diversos ramos da atividade jurídica, a criação de contratos é especialmente importante, devido a sua onipresença nas interações entre os agentes sociais, sejam elas pessoas físicas, jurídicas ou agentes de governo. Com foco na criação de modelos de contratos, este trabalho introduz a linguagem gráfica GraphSchema. Projetada para usuários finais, GraphSchema utiliza uma representação visual para criação de modelos de contratos jurídicos, permitindo a modelagem dos conceitos, relacionamentos e restrições entre estes. A representação visual é diretamente mapeada na linguagem SML, uma extensão do XML Schema. Ao possibilitar a criação de modelos conceituais de contratos diretamente por parte dos usuários finais sem forçar um vocabulário ou ontologia específicos, GraphSchema e, conseqüentemente, a utilização de SML, apresenta vantagens quando comparado com a utilização de XML Schema, RDF e OWL. Mas principalmente apresenta vantagens quando comparada com outras abordagens baseadas em definição de vocabulários e utilização de ontologias formais. Estas vantagens decorrem de sua simplicidade e flexibilidade que permite a utilização de padrões existentes para a definição de modelos de contratos, tais como, o padrão eContracts definido pelo consórcio LegalXML. Deste modo, GraphSchema apresenta-se como uma opção para a implementação e aplicação prática deste padrão. A disponibilidade de uma linguagem para usuários não técnicos permitirá a criação de contratos com marcação a priori, quando utilizado em conjunto com editores de texto guiados por XML. Isto irá abrir caminho para o aumento da produtividade na criação de contratos e documentos jurídicos. / It is common place to talk about the widespread presence of text documents and unstructured information stored in natural language text documents file format. This fact is still more dramatic to law professionals where text is the basic tool for their work. Those texts came from multiple sources like research documents and legislation and also are the main product from law activities, i.e., text documents which are created by law professionals. Since the first text editor there are several initiatives to use information technologies to help the generation, storage and search of law documents. From all documents, legal contracts generation is especially important due to its ubiquity and use by all social actors like common people, companies and government agencies. This work main focus is legal contract model generation. GraphSchema graphical language is introduced as a proposed solution to enable users to create contract models without help from a computer professional. It uses a visual representation to create legal contracts models, where concepts, relationships between those and constraints can be represented in a visual paradigm which can be understood by users. The graphical representation is translated to SML, a XML Schema extension. On enabling final user conceptual contract modeling without forcing a restrict vocabulary or ontology, GraphSchema and. by consequence, the use of SML, has several advantages in comparison with the use of simple XML Schema, RDF and OWL. But mainly show advantages when compared with other approaches based on vocabulary definition and formal ontology usage. Those advantages are mainly due to its simplicity and flexibility which enable the use of existing standards to define contract models like the eContracts standard defined by LegalXML consortium. This way, GraphSchema appears as an option to implement and use this standard in real world cases. The availability of a language directed towards non technical user will enable the contracts creation with tag markup from the beginning when used with XML guided text editors. This opens a door to productivity grow on contracts and legal documents creation.

É usual falar da onipresença dos documentos de texto e na quantidade de informação não estruturada, armazenada sob a forma de arquivos com documentos de texto em linguagem natural. Este fato torna-se mais dramático no domínio jurídico, onde o texto é a ferramenta básica de trabalho dos profissionais da área, tanto na forma das fontes de consulta, i.e., a legislação, como no principal produto da atividade jurídica, especificamente a criação de documentos escritos. Desde a invenção do editor de texto existem iniciativas de utilização de tecnologias da informação para auxiliar a geração, armazenamento e consulta de documentos jurídicos. Dentre os diversos ramos da atividade jurídica, a criação de contratos é especialmente importante, devido a sua onipresença nas interações entre os agentes sociais, sejam elas pessoas físicas, jurídicas ou agentes de governo. Com foco na criação de modelos de contratos, este trabalho introduz a linguagem gráfica GraphSchema. Projetada para usuários finais, GraphSchema utiliza uma representação visual para criação de modelos de contratos jurídicos, permitindo a modelagem dos conceitos, relacionamentos e restrições entre estes. A representação visual é diretamente mapeada na linguagem SML, uma extensão do XML Schema. Ao possibilitar a criação de modelos conceituais de contratos diretamente por parte dos usuários finais sem forçar um vocabulário ou ontologia específicos, GraphSchema e, conseqüentemente, a utilização de SML, apresenta vantagens quando comparado com a utilização de XML Schema, RDF e OWL. Mas principalmente apresenta vantagens quando comparada com outras abordagens baseadas em definição de vocabulários e utilização de ontologias formais. Estas vantagens decorrem de sua simplicidade e flexibilidade que permite a utilização de padrões existentes para a definição de modelos de contratos, tais como, o padrão eContracts definido pelo consórcio LegalXML. Deste modo, GraphSchema apresenta-se como uma opção para a implementação e aplicação prática deste padrão. A disponibilidade de uma linguagem para usuários não técnicos permitirá a criação de contratos com marcação a priori, quando utilizado em conjunto com editores de texto guiados por XML. Isto irá abrir caminho para o aumento da produtividade na criação de contratos e documentos jurídicos. / It is common place to talk about the widespread presence of text documents and unstructured information stored in natural language text documents file format. This fact is still more dramatic to law professionals where text is the basic tool for their work. Those texts came from multiple sources like research documents and legislation and also are the main product from law activities, i.e., text documents which are created by law professionals. Since the first text editor there are several initiatives to use information technologies to help the generation, storage and search of law documents. From all documents, legal contracts generation is especially important due to its ubiquity and use by all social actors like common people, companies and government agencies. This work main focus is legal contract model generation. GraphSchema graphical language is introduced as a proposed solution to enable users to create contract models without help from a computer professional. It uses a visual representation to create legal contracts models, where concepts, relationships between those and constraints can be represented in a visual paradigm which can be understood by users. The graphical representation is translated to SML, a XML Schema extension. On enabling final user conceptual contract modeling without forcing a restrict vocabulary or ontology, GraphSchema and. by consequence, the use of SML, has several advantages in comparison with the use of simple XML Schema, RDF and OWL. But mainly show advantages when compared with other approaches based on vocabulary definition and formal ontology usage. Those advantages are mainly due to its simplicity and flexibility which enable the use of existing standards to define contract models like the eContracts standard defined by LegalXML consortium. This way, GraphSchema appears as an option to implement and use this standard in real world cases. The availability of a language directed towards non technical user will enable the contracts creation with tag markup from the beginning when used with XML guided text editors. This opens a door to productivity grow on contracts and legal documents creation.

É usual falar da onipresença dos documentos de texto e na quantidade de informação não estruturada, armazenada sob a forma de arquivos com documentos de texto em linguagem natural. Este fato torna-se mais dramático no domínio jurídico, onde o texto é a ferramenta básica de trabalho dos profissionais da área, tanto na forma das fontes de consulta, i.e., a legislação, como no principal produto da atividade jurídica, especificamente a criação de documentos escritos. Desde a invenção do editor de texto existem iniciativas de utilização de tecnologias da informação para auxiliar a geração, armazenamento e consulta de documentos jurídicos. Dentre os diversos ramos da atividade jurídica, a criação de contratos é especialmente importante, devido a sua onipresença nas interações entre os agentes sociais, sejam elas pessoas físicas, jurídicas ou agentes de governo. Com foco na criação de modelos de contratos, este trabalho introduz a linguagem gráfica GraphSchema. Projetada para usuários finais, GraphSchema utiliza uma representação visual para criação de modelos de contratos jurídicos, permitindo a modelagem dos conceitos, relacionamentos e restrições entre estes. A representação visual é diretamente mapeada na linguagem SML, uma extensão do XML Schema. Ao possibilitar a criação de modelos conceituais de contratos diretamente por parte dos usuários finais sem forçar um vocabulário ou ontologia específicos, GraphSchema e, conseqüentemente, a utilização de SML, apresenta vantagens quando comparado com a utilização de XML Schema, RDF e OWL. Mas principalmente apresenta vantagens quando comparada com outras abordagens baseadas em definição de vocabulários e utilização de ontologias formais. Estas vantagens decorrem de sua simplicidade e flexibilidade que permite a utilização de padrões existentes para a definição de modelos de contratos, tais como, o padrão eContracts definido pelo consórcio LegalXML. Deste modo, GraphSchema apresenta-se como uma opção para a implementação e aplicação prática deste padrão. A disponibilidade de uma linguagem para usuários não técnicos permitirá a criação de contratos com marcação a priori, quando utilizado em conjunto com editores de texto guiados por XML. Isto irá abrir caminho para o aumento da produtividade na criação de contratos e documentos jurídicos. / It is common place to talk about the widespread presence of text documents and unstructured information stored in natural language text documents file format. This fact is still more dramatic to law professionals where text is the basic tool for their work. Those texts came from multiple sources like research documents and legislation and also are the main product from law activities, i.e., text documents which are created by law professionals. Since the first text editor there are several initiatives to use information technologies to help the generation, storage and search of law documents. From all documents, legal contracts generation is especially important due to its ubiquity and use by all social actors like common people, companies and government agencies. This work main focus is legal contract model generation. GraphSchema graphical language is introduced as a proposed solution to enable users to create contract models without help from a computer professional. It uses a visual representation to create legal contracts models, where concepts, relationships between those and constraints can be represented in a visual paradigm which can be understood by users. The graphical representation is translated to SML, a XML Schema extension. On enabling final user conceptual contract modeling without forcing a restrict vocabulary or ontology, GraphSchema and. by consequence, the use of SML, has several advantages in comparison with the use of simple XML Schema, RDF and OWL. But mainly show advantages when compared with other approaches based on vocabulary definition and formal ontology usage. Those advantages are mainly due to its simplicity and flexibility which enable the use of existing standards to define contract models like the eContracts standard defined by LegalXML consortium. This way, GraphSchema appears as an option to implement and use this standard in real world cases. The availability of a language directed towards non technical user will enable the contracts creation with tag markup from the beginning when used with XML guided text editors. This opens a door to productivity grow on contracts and legal documents creation.

Probe microscopy techniques (Atomic Force Microscopy and Kelvin Force Microscopy) have been shown to be instrumental in the analysis of samples; such as resists and nanostructured materials. Through these techniques detailed surface information has been derived, including information such as surface roughness and surface charge distribution. Poly(Methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), remains at the forefront of resists utilised in e-beam lithography in the electronics industry. Surface morphology (specifically roughness) analysis remains a key parameter of investigation, particularly in the examination of polymeric films. This research aimed to investigate PMMA based electron beam resists as well as a novel (SML) resist material in terms of suitability for electron-beam lithography. Various concentrations (5, 7, 8, 9 and 11% w/v) of both PMMA and the novel resist material were spin-coated onto silica substrates. Samples were baked at 180oC for 3 minutes and examined under ultra-high vacuum using Omicron AFM/SPM to derive RMS values in order to assess roughness in addition to thickness measurements taken. SML resists were then utilised in the development of a new digital etch onto InGaAs/InAlAs wafer. The novel, SML resist material was found to offer smoother resist surface even at higher concentrations of polymer, a difference which was observed to be statistically significant (p<0.01). The SML resist was also notably thicker than the comparable PMMA resist (p>0.05) indicating that lower concentrations of the novel resist would be required to achieve the required resist thickness. Digital etching rates were found to be in agreement with previously documented findings. SML was concluded to be a superior resist in terms of thickness and smoothness, with AFM being further established as an essential characterization technique.

Yes / This paper examines the role of institutional investor sentiment in determination of the beta-return relation. Empirical evidence documents a positive (negative) beta-return relation over bearish (bullish) periods, implying that institutional investors can also be sentiment traders.