我國股票市場，向以規模太小（截至７７年四月底上市公司僅１４０餘家）而為人詬 病，如：太容易經由大戶的抄作，使散戶套牢而遭受損失，故擴大股票市場規模及增 加機構投資者比重，向為政府努力的目標。 ７２年財政部證卷管理委員會先後制定發佈了「證卷投資信託事業管理規則」及「證 卷投資信託基金管理辦法」期能以增加機構投資方式，避免股市過於投機，又使社會 游資有良孚出路，至７６年底國內共有四家證卷投資信託公司：國際、光華、建弘及 中華。每家公司分別掌管了兩個基金（國內及國外各一）。 本論文以此八個基金為研究對象，研究期間從７２．１０．２９∼７６．１２．２９ ．，以各基金與市場股票指數的週報酬率為比較基礎，先計算各基金的sharpe（１９ ６６），Treynor （１９６５），Jensen（１９６８）的指數，以排名先後，再以 Henriksson（１９８４）及Moses （１９８７）的迴歸模式來探討各基金的擇時效果 （selection and Timing）。 擇時效果乃Fama（１９７２）提出，利用資本市場線（ＳＭＬ）模式來惟算，簡而言 之，選擇效果乃評估基金選股的優勢，而時間效果則衡量基金報酬是否優於市場報酬 。 研究結果sharpe，Treynor 及Jensen指數，各國基金互有優劣，但以光華國外基金略 佳，至於選擇效果各基金皆無明顯表現，而時間效果則僅有光華國外基金略佳，其餘 基金時間效果皆低於市場報酬。 本研究因受限於各基金成立時間不一，且在研究期間並不長久下，所得出的績效排名 ，難免有失偏頗。唯提出基金績效的評估模式，以給欲購買「受益憑證」的投資大眾 ，有個參考！

Disease and bleaching are two conditions which commonly lead to coral death. Among coral species, susceptibility to disease and bleaching is variable, and Pseudodiploria strigosa tends to be diseased more than Diploria labyrinthiformis, while D. labyrinthiformis bleaches more readily. The focus of this dissertation was to investigate and compare multiple components of these two coral species, and identify how they may relate to disease and bleaching resistance. Compenetnts examined included the surface mucopolysacharide layer (SML) thickness, gene expression, microbial associates, and a white plague aquarium study. The SML thickness decresased with increasing temperature regardless of coral species, indicating that SML thickness does not likely play a role in differences between susceptablities of these two coral species. However, Diploria labyrinthiformis had a lower mortality rate at 31°C, had fewer differentially expressed genes assossiated with stress, and upregulated genes associated with innate immunity in the summer, all of which may contribute to its relative disease resistance. The bacterial associates of each coral species were also monitored. Differences between the two coral species were primarily caused by Clostridia, Gammaproteobacteria, and rare species which may contribute to the relatively higher disease susceptibility of P. strigosa. Lastly, an aquarium study suggested that a potential pathogen of the Roseobacter clade infects both D. labyrinthiformis and P. strigosa, and might be transmitted by the Cryptochiridae gall crab, indicating that potential disease vectors associated with these two coral species may also play a role in disease resistance and resilience.

No description available.

Species must interact with air—aqueous interfaces in order to transport between either phase, however organic coated water surfaces are ubiquitous in the environment, and the physical and chemical processes that occur at organic coated aqueous surfaces are often different than those at pure air—water interfaces. Three studies were performed investigating the transport of species across air—aqueous interfaces with organic coatings in an effort to gain further insight into these processes. Gas and solution phase absorption spectroscopy were used to study the effect of octanol coatings on the formation of molecular iodine (I2) by the heterogeneous ozonation of iodide and its partitioning between phases. Compared to uncoated solutions, the presence of octanol monolayers had a minor effect on the total amount of I2 produced, however, it did significantly enhance the gas to solution partitioning of I2. Incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBC-EAS) was used to measure the gas-phase nitrogen dioxide (NO2) evolved via photolysis of aqueous nitrate solutions either uncoated or containing octanol, octanoic acid and stearic acid monolayers. Both octanol and stearic acid reduced the rate of gaseous NO2 evolution, and octanol also decreased the steady-state amount of gaseous NO2. Alternatively, octanoic acid enhanced the rate of gaseous NO2 evolution. Finally, the loss of aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2) from aqueous solutions saturated with CO2 was measured using a CO2 electrode in the absence and presence of stearic acid monolayers and octanol coatings, and a greenhouse gas analyzer was used to measure the evolution of gaseous CO2 from solutios with octanol monolayers. Enhanced losses of aqueous and evolved gaseous CO2 were observed with organic coated solutions compared to those uncoated. The results of these studies suggest that organic coatings influence the transport of I2, NO2 and CO2 via one, or a combination of: barrier effects, surface tension effects, chemistry effects and aqueous – surface – gas partitioning effects. These results, particularly the enhanced partitioning of these species to octanol coated aqueous surfaces, have important implications for species transport at air—aqueous interfaces, and may provide useful insight for future studies and parameters for atmospheric models of these species.

Species must interact with air—aqueous interfaces in order to transport between either phase, however organic coated water surfaces are ubiquitous in the environment, and the physical and chemical processes that occur at organic coated aqueous surfaces are often different than those at pure air—water interfaces. Three studies were performed investigating the transport of species across air—aqueous interfaces with organic coatings in an effort to gain further insight into these processes. Gas and solution phase absorption spectroscopy were used to study the effect of octanol coatings on the formation of molecular iodine (I2) by the heterogeneous ozonation of iodide and its partitioning between phases. Compared to uncoated solutions, the presence of octanol monolayers had a minor effect on the total amount of I2 produced, however, it did significantly enhance the gas to solution partitioning of I2. Incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBC-EAS) was used to measure the gas-phase nitrogen dioxide (NO2) evolved via photolysis of aqueous nitrate solutions either uncoated or containing octanol, octanoic acid and stearic acid monolayers. Both octanol and stearic acid reduced the rate of gaseous NO2 evolution, and octanol also decreased the steady-state amount of gaseous NO2. Alternatively, octanoic acid enhanced the rate of gaseous NO2 evolution. Finally, the loss of aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2) from aqueous solutions saturated with CO2 was measured using a CO2 electrode in the absence and presence of stearic acid monolayers and octanol coatings, and a greenhouse gas analyzer was used to measure the evolution of gaseous CO2 from solutios with octanol monolayers. Enhanced losses of aqueous and evolved gaseous CO2 were observed with organic coated solutions compared to those uncoated. The results of these studies suggest that organic coatings influence the transport of I2, NO2 and CO2 via one, or a combination of: barrier effects, surface tension effects, chemistry effects and aqueous – surface – gas partitioning effects. These results, particularly the enhanced partitioning of these species to octanol coated aqueous surfaces, have important implications for species transport at air—aqueous interfaces, and may provide useful insight for future studies and parameters for atmospheric models of these species.

Formal verification of programs can be done with the aid of an interactive theorem prover. The program to be verified is represented in an intermediate language representation inside the interactive theorem prover, after which statements and their proofs can be constructed. This is a process that can be automated to a high degree. This thesis presents a proof procedure to efficiently generate a theorem stating the weakest precondition for a program to terminate successfully in a state upon which a certain postcondition is placed. Specifically, the Poly/ML implementation of the SML metalanguage is used to generate a theorem in the HOL4 interactive theorem prover regarding the properties of a program written in BIR, an abstract intermediate representation of machine code used in the PROSPER project. / Bevis av säkerhetsegenskaper hos program genom formell verifiering kan göras med hjälp av interaktiva teorembevisare. Det program som skall verifieras representeras i en mellanliggande språkrepresentation inuti den interaktiva teorembevisaren, varefter påståenden kan konstrueras, som sedan bevisas. Detta är en process som kan automatiseras i hög grad. Här presenterar vi en metod för att effektivt skapa och bevisa ett teorem som visar sundheten hos den svagaste förutsättningen för att ett program avslutas framgångsrikt under ett givet postvillkor. Specifikt använder vi Poly/ML-implementationen av SML för att generera ett teorem i den interaktiva teorembevisaren HOL4 som beskriver egenskaper hos ett program i BIR, en abstrakt mellanrepresentation av maskinkod som används i PROSPER-projektet.