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The thesis examined McMaster University undergraduates’ beliefs about health and contagion, and their implication for antibacterial soap use. A qualitative methodology was used and 30 participants were interviewed, and the transcripts coded and analysed for emergent themes. Students understand health in terms of having energy, being disease free, and as something to be achieved through healthy lifestyle choices and cleanliness. These beliefs form an explanatory model of health that has several key components used to make health decisions, including using or not using antibacterial soap. The participants see their health as continually threatened by sources of illness. Contagion is one of the principal threats identified and understood as transmitted through the air, or on the surfaces of contaminated people and objects. Two modes of defence were articulated in the interviews. Internal components of defence involve maintaining immune rigour; external components drives activities such as personal hygiene and cleaning to protect against pathogens. Men tend to have a more internally focussed explanatory model of health, while women have a more external focus. This seems to explain why the women in this study were eight times more likely to use antibacterial soap than the men, a finding that was statistically significant (p=.O27). Social values are expressed through the explanatory model, including social boundaries and morality. The model also aligns very well with the biomedical paradigm in that it reduces health to its physical components, provides a mechanistic explanation of the body, and separates mind and body as discrete entities and as an object of control. Biomedicine seems to be broadening into new social domains, such as gender, social boundaries and morality, which are also reflected in students' beliefs about health. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Esta tese de doutorado apresenta investigações, modelos e implementações de um middleware para grades computacionais denominado Grid Anywhere. Essa plataforma tem como objetivo viabilizar a construção de grades computacionais que permitam um maior número de provedores e consumidores de recursos. Para isso, são apresentadas soluções para gerenciamento de segurança, carregamento de aplicações, hospedagem de objetos, execução remota de métodos, desenvolvimento de aplicações e transporte alternativo de mensagens SOAP (utilizando o sistema de televisão digital interativa e encapsulando uma mensagem SOAP dentro de outro documento desse mesmo protocolo). Como aplicações da plataforma foram criadas duas grades computacionais com arquiteturas distintas. A primeira permite que um ambiente de compartilhamento de recursos possa ser utilizado como infraestrutura para prover plataforma como serviço (PaaS) para usuários convencionais (domésticos ou corporativos) em um ambiente de computação em nuvem. A outra arquitetura tem como foco o fortalecimento de grades computacionais desktop por meio da utilização de receptores digitais de TV (set-top box) como provedores de recursos onde a distribuição de objetos e as mensagens SOAP ocorrem por difusão. Os modelos foram validados por meio de testes reais feitos utilizando as respectivas implementações, o que demonstrou que são funcionais. Tais implementações disponibilizam produtos que cooperam com a inovação do desenvolvimento de aplicações para grades computacionais e também para outras categorias de sistemas distribuídos / This PhD thesis presents investigations, models and implementations of a computational grid middleware named Grid Anywhere. This platform aims at allowing the build of computational grid systems, which enable the increase of the number of participants as consumers and resource providers. In order to do this, new solutions are presented to manage security policies, load applications, host objects, execute remote methods, develop application and alternative transport of SOAP messages in a flexible way (using the interactive digital television system and inserting one SOAP message inside another document of this same protocol). As applications of this middleware, two different architectures of computational grids were created. The first one enables an environment to share resources that are used as infrastructure to provide platform as a service (PaaS) in a cloud computing system. The goal of the second architecture is to increase the computational power of desktop computational grid systems using digital television receivers (set-top box) as resource providers, where the distribution of objects and SOAP messages occurs via broadcasting. The models were validated by means of real tests using the respective implementations, which showed that the platform is functional. Such implementations provide software products that help the innovation and development of computational grid applications and also others types of distributed systems

Kasdien atsiranda naujų verslininkų, tiek mažų, tiek stambių. Smulkiems verslininkams išsilaikyti rinkoje yra gana sunku. Jų pajamos nėra didelės, todėl papildomom verslo išlaidom pinigų nėra daug. Lietuvai tapus Europos Sąjungos nare, ji įgyvendina atitinkamus kiekvienos srities reikalavimus. Viena iš sričių informacinių technologijų naudojimas. Lietuva pritaikydama naujas informacines bei telekomunikacines technologijas privalo gerinti paslaugų teikimą verslui bei gyventojams. Šiame darbe išnagrinėtos e-paslaugos, jų lygis Lietuvoje bei palyginant su kitomis ES šalimis. Išnagrinėti paslaugų standartai bei į paslaugas orientuota architektūra. Pritaikius teorines žinias, bei išnagrinėjus smulkaus verslo buhalterinius apskaitos reikalavimus sukurtas buhalterinės e-paslaugos modelis panaudojant „IBM WebSphere Business Modeler“. / Daily come new businessmans, small and big. For small businessmans to be in market is very hard. Their earning are not big, therefore outgoing money are not more. When Lithuania become member of the European union, she realized every regional requirements. One of these regionals is the using of information technologys. Lithuania using information and telecommucination technologys must reform quality for business and people services. In this work inspected e-services, level in Lithuania and compared with EU countrys. Inspected standards of the services, and service oriented architecture. Fitted theory, and inspected small business accountancys requirements made-up small business e-service model using „IBM WebSphere Business Modeler“.

Šio darbo tikslas – sukurti informacine sistema (IS), kuri atvaizduotų B2B transakcijas realizuojant BTP protokolą. IS yra palyginti jauna žinių sritis, jai šiek tiek daugiau nei 50 metų, tačiau be šiuolaikinių IS sunku įsivaizduoti šiandieninę įmonę. Pastaruoju metu IS sparčiai plinta, jos poreikiai vis labiau didėja: vykdomas nuotolinis mokymas, organizuojamas nuotolinis darbas (teledarbas), sparčiai plečiasi elektroninė prekyba, daug dėmesio skiriama medicinai, naujas galimybes žada elektroninės bibliotekos. Šis atliktas darbas apima daugelį paminėtų sričių, nes realizuojami duomenų mainai tarp IS nepriklausomai nuo įmonės dalykinės srities. Daugelyje įmonių duomenys kaupiami duomenų bazėse ar duomenų centruose, todėl norint realizuoti duomen�� mainus tarp IS programuotojams reikia įdėti nemažai pastangų, kad galėtų realizuoti duomenų mainus tarp paskirstytų sistemų ar duomenų bazių, juolab, kad vienos verslo įmonės duomenų gali nepakakti siekiant įgyti konkurencinį pranašumą. Šiame darbe atliktas duomenų apsikeitimo supaprastinimas, kuris leidžia atlikti duomenų mainus vienus metu tarp neriboto skaičiaus verslo įmonių vienu metu realizuojant visiems žinomą OASIS konsorciumo sukurtą BTP protokolą. Duomenų mainai vykdomi užklausiant verslo dalyvius standartinėmis SQL užklausomis, tokiu būdu šių duomenų prašantiems asmenims galima pateikti duomenis nepriklausomai nuo naudojamos duomenų bazės. Siekiant įgyvendinti sistemos išplečiamumą, duomenys yra pateikiami standartiniu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This work aim is to create information systems (IS), which can implement B2B transaction by using the Business Transaction Protocol (BTP). IS has only 50 years history, but without IS we can’t imagine modern business company. Now computers are usable in most leading edge areas and theirs needs and power always grows. We use its in distance learning, organizing distance work (work-net), expeditiously developing electronic business, appointing a lot off attention to modernize medicine, new possibilities for electronic libraries. This work can be used in all mentioned regions implementing data exchange among computers regardless their actions in business. Many companies store data in database or data centers, so if we want to realize exchange data among computer – our programmers have to avail a lot of energy and workforce to realize exchange from remote systems or databases, especially, if some services and data are in different databases. This work can realize data exchange simplification, which executes data exchange from unlimited numbers of business companies. It uses well-known BTP protocol from OASIS consortium to exchange data. All needed data we get from business participants using standard SQL queries. Thus people which are asking for data – in this work we can offer to get data from different databases platforms. To access system in different programming languages, data are implemented into standard SOAP1.1 protocol - where they will be transported in XML document... [to full text]

Magistrinis darbas turi išspręsti problemas iškylančias norint sujungti WSDL servisus veikiančius SOAP protokolu. Problemai išspręsti sukurta programinė įranga, kuri naudojant XSLT tranformacijas suvienodina servisų struktūras, pateikia vartotojui servisų projektavimo įrankį ir rezultate gražina programinį kodą. / This work is trying to solve the WSDL services mapping problem. To solve the problem was chosen develop the new system, because there is no such a decision that has been made or is currently under construction. The system will have a graphical user interface that will be generated by the WSDL description. The main requirement is that a developed system can generate the programing code by combining several existing e-service SOAP protocols.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Nov. 11, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-138).

Η ύπαρξη Διαδικτύου δημιούργησε την ιδιότητα του "Παγκόσμιου Πολίτη", δίνοντας την δυνατότητα σε όλους τους χρήστες του Διαδικτύου να μπορούν να έχουν πρόσβαση σε μια πληθώρα πληροφοριών, να επικοινωνούν μεταξύ τους, αλλά και να μπορούν και οι ίδιοι να μετατρέπονται από χρήστες του Διαδικτύου σε Παρόχους Υπηρεσιών μέσω του Διαδικτύου. Την σημερινή εποχή αναγνωρίζεται ως μια από τις σημαντικότερες εφαρμογές του Διαδικτύου και μάλιστα όχι άδικα, η τεχνολογία των Web Services, η οποία επιτρέπει στις εφαρμογές να επικοινωνούν μεταξύ τους ανεξαρτήτως πλατφόρμας και γλώσσας προγραμματισμού. Τα πρώτα web services σκόπευαν να είναι πηγές πληροφορίας τις οποίες μπορεί κανείς πολύ εύκολα να ενσωματώσει στις εφαρμογές του. Στην συνέχεια εξελίχθηκαν,προσφέροντας όλα τα δυναμικά τους χαρακτηριστικά ώστε να συνδυάζονται υπηρεσίες σε εφαρμογές. Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία γίνεται μια εκτενής αναφορά στον σχεδιασμό και στην ανάπτυξη των Web Services. Αρχικά παρουσιάζονται οι βασικές τεχνολογίες των Web Services, η γλώσσα XML, το πρωτόκολλο SOAP, καθώς και οι WSDL και UDDI, οι οποίες αποτελούν τον "δομικό σκελετό" των Υπηρεσιών Διαδικτύου. Στην συνέχεια αντιμετωπίζουμε μια Υπηρεσία Web από την πλευρά του Παρόχου Υπηρεσίας. Αναφερόμαστε δηλαδή στους τρόπους υλοποίησης μιας τέτοιας εφαρμογής και στα βασικά εργαλεία προγραμματισμού της. Στο τελευταίο κομμάτι της παρούσας διπλωματικής παρουσιάζονται οι τελευταίες απαιτούμενες τεχνολογίες, ώστε να μπορούμε να μιλάμε για μια ολοκληρωμένη κατανεμημένη τεχνολογία των Υπηρεσιών Διαδικτύου. / The existence of the Internet created the position of "World Citizen", giving the opportunity to all users to be able to access a wealth of information, to communicate with each other, but also can be converted from users of Internet to Internet Service Providers. At this moment recognized as one of the most important applications of the Internet and not unjustly, the technology of Web Services, which allows applications to communicate regardless of platform and programming language. The initial web services intended to be sources of information which can easily incorporate into applications. Then web services were developed by offering all dynamic characteristics to combine services to applications. In this diploma become a comprehensive reference to the design and development of Web Services. Originally presented Initially the basic technologies of Web Services, the language XML, the protocol SOAP, WSDL and the UDDI, which is the "structural frame" of Web Services. Then we have a Web Service from the service provider side. We refer to the ways of implementation of such an application and on the basic development tools. In the last part of this thesis presented the latest technologies required so we can talk about a comprehensive distributed technology of the Web Services.

Esta tese de doutorado apresenta investigações, modelos e implementações de um middleware para grades computacionais denominado Grid Anywhere. Essa plataforma tem como objetivo viabilizar a construção de grades computacionais que permitam um maior número de provedores e consumidores de recursos. Para isso, são apresentadas soluções para gerenciamento de segurança, carregamento de aplicações, hospedagem de objetos, execução remota de métodos, desenvolvimento de aplicações e transporte alternativo de mensagens SOAP (utilizando o sistema de televisão digital interativa e encapsulando uma mensagem SOAP dentro de outro documento desse mesmo protocolo). Como aplicações da plataforma foram criadas duas grades computacionais com arquiteturas distintas. A primeira permite que um ambiente de compartilhamento de recursos possa ser utilizado como infraestrutura para prover plataforma como serviço (PaaS) para usuários convencionais (domésticos ou corporativos) em um ambiente de computação em nuvem. A outra arquitetura tem como foco o fortalecimento de grades computacionais desktop por meio da utilização de receptores digitais de TV (set-top box) como provedores de recursos onde a distribuição de objetos e as mensagens SOAP ocorrem por difusão. Os modelos foram validados por meio de testes reais feitos utilizando as respectivas implementações, o que demonstrou que são funcionais. Tais implementações disponibilizam produtos que cooperam com a inovação do desenvolvimento de aplicações para grades computacionais e também para outras categorias de sistemas distribuídos / This PhD thesis presents investigations, models and implementations of a computational grid middleware named Grid Anywhere. This platform aims at allowing the build of computational grid systems, which enable the increase of the number of participants as consumers and resource providers. In order to do this, new solutions are presented to manage security policies, load applications, host objects, execute remote methods, develop application and alternative transport of SOAP messages in a flexible way (using the interactive digital television system and inserting one SOAP message inside another document of this same protocol). As applications of this middleware, two different architectures of computational grids were created. The first one enables an environment to share resources that are used as infrastructure to provide platform as a service (PaaS) in a cloud computing system. The goal of the second architecture is to increase the computational power of desktop computational grid systems using digital television receivers (set-top box) as resource providers, where the distribution of objects and SOAP messages occurs via broadcasting. The models were validated by means of real tests using the respective implementations, which showed that the platform is functional. Such implementations provide software products that help the innovation and development of computational grid applications and also others types of distributed systems

Le scandale a mauvaise presse. Celui par qui il arrive est humilié puis raillé. Il est une forme de divertissement que certains jugent indigne. Pourtant, il s’avère être une formidable voie d’entrée pour qui tente de comprendre les États-Unis. Par cette monstrueuse transgression, le refoulé fait son retour. Ainsi, analyser le scandale, c’est envisager l’Amérique comme une nation hantée par le puritanisme. Cette pierre d’achoppement qu’est le scandale peut être la pierre angulaire d’une nouvelle construction théorique : un mélange d’anthropologie, de sociologie et de psychanalyse pour débusquer la part d’Ombre d’une Amérique étrangère à elle-même. Voilà pourquoi, paradoxalement, un roman se trouve au cœur de ce travail de recherche de civilisation américaine. Un roman lapsus échappé dans les années cinquante : Peyton Place. Plus qu’une étude de cas, son analyse illumine le concept-même du scandale aux États-Unis. Le destin de son auteur, pharmakos moderne et celui de l’œuvre elle-même illustrent les différents mécanismes de la machine infernale du scandale. Traité de scandalogie ironique, grotesque, kitsch et camp, Peyton Place est une manne pour le scandalologue. Mis en regard avec The Awakening de Kate Chopin, ce roman, vilipendé par la critique et ignoré par la recherche universitaire, met également en scène la féminité du scandale. Les deux œuvres féminisaient l’Amérique, ancrant leur narration transgressive dans une maternité teintée de primitivisme, annonçant ainsi une nouvelle ère où la sexualité serait plus libre. La scandalogie, elle aussi, est pionnière. Elle appelle à l’exhumation d’œuvres oubliées, raillées ou calomniées pour un nouveau canon américain. Peyton Place n’était pas qu’une « gifle au bon goût public », il émasculait l’Amérique. Plus encore, il déchirait le tissu mythique de la nation. Le scandalologue, forcément mythologue, n’est donc pas voyeur : il est visionnaire. / Scandal is tabloid fodder. Those who have fallen from grace are mocked and humiliated and most people think scandal is but a trivial matter. The shocking, disgraceful deeds and affairs of idols have long become part of the entertainment industry. However, scandal and gossip are two different things and the former can help us delve into the American psyche. Scandal is enlightening in more ways than one. It dramatically calls attention to collective fears that have repressed and preserved in the unconscious. Scandal, making them reappear, helps us probe the nation’s unfathomable depths: America is a mansion haunted by Puritanism, as it were. Scandal is a stumbling block but it can also be the corner stone of a new theoretical approach rooted in anthropology, sociology and psychoanalysis to shed light on the black, dense Shadow of America. Peyton Place is a Freudian slip of a novel that shocked the not so Placid Fifties and actually illuminates the whole concept of scandal. Because Grace Metalious was treated like a modern-day pharmakos, her fate illustrates the mechanism of that infernal machine scandal is. Peyton Place is kitsch, camp, ironic and grotesque but it is above all a treatise on scandal. Just like Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, Peyton Place feminized nature, rooting its narrative into primeval matriarchy and heralding a new era of free-flowing sexuality. Peyton Place was more than a slap in the face of public taste; it was a kick in the groin of the American male. More than that, it shred America’s mythical fabric of lies into pieces. A scandalogist is no Peeping Tom, then: he is a visionary.