This research examines the U.S. media during the 1999 Women's World Cup from a feminist postcolonial standpoint. This research adds to current feminist scholarship on women and sports by de-centering the global North in its discourse. It reveals the bias of the media through the representation of the United States National Team as a universal "woman" athlete and the standard for international women's soccer. It further argues that, as a result, the Nigerian National Team was cast in simplistic stereotypes of race, class, ethnicity, and nation, which were often also appropriated and commodified. I emphasize that the Nigerian National Team resisted this construction and fought to secure their position in the global soccer landscape. I conclude that these biased representations, which did not fairly depict or value the contributions of diverse competing teams, were primarily employed to promote and sell the event to a predominantly white middle-class American audience. / by Michele Canning. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2009. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2009. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Submitted to the Faculty of Health Science in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology : Chiropractic, Department of Chiropractic,Durban University Of Technology, Durban. South Africa, 2015. / Introduction: Participation of young females in soccer has started to increase in the past few years. Females participating in soccer are more vulnerable to injuries than males due to the nature of the sport especially because the sport is characterised as a vigorous, high intensity, intermittent ball and contact activity. Objective: This study sought to determine the epidemiology of injuries in high school female soccer players in the eThekwini district. Method: A quantitative approach using a cross sectional survey was used to determine the epidemiology of injuries in female high school soccer players in the eThekwini district. One-hundred-and-ninety-seven female high school soccer players, between the ages of 14 to 19 years who have played soccer for at least one season, from 27 female high schools in the eThekwini district were invited to participate. A self-administered questionnaire was used to determine the demographic profile of the players and the reported prevalence of injuries in the soccer players. The study also determined the profile of soccer related injuries, management of injuries, identified risk factors for injury, and compared injuries occurring during training and during matches. Results: Out of a total of 85 respondents only 31 sustained injuries. The injury prevalence for the season was 36.5%. Only 61 injuries (71.8%) were reported by the injured players. The rate of injury was 90 per 1000 athlete exposure hours during the season. Only two female players reported the five injuries while all 29 female players sustained at least one injury. The defenders (31.7%) and midfielders (28.6%) sustained the most injuries. Most injuries reported were contact in nature (12.9%). More injuries occurred during training (12.9%) rather than during matches (8.2%). The lower extremity (77.8%) was injured more than the upper extremity (22.2%). The knee (22.2%) and ankle (15.9%) were the most frequently injured body parts. Muscle injury (23.5%) was the most commonly reported followed by bruising (10.6%). Conclusion: Prevalence of injuries was high in the cohort studied. The lower limb, specifically the knee and ankle were most commonly injured. Muscle injury and bruising were the most common injury affecting the lower extremity. It is recommended that the study be extended to a larger cohort of school children.

Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The RoboCup offers a research platform to advance robotics and multi-robot cooperation in dynamic environments. This project builds on work previously done to develop a research platform for multi-robot cooperation at Stellenbosch University. This thesis describes the development of an active ball handling system for a robot in the RoboCup Small Size League (SSL). This was achieved by building on the work done in the previous projects. The hardware for the kicker and dribbler mechanisms on the robot were implemented and tested to characterise their capabilities. The kicker was characterised to control the speed at which a ball is kicked and the dribbler for optimal control over a ball. More accurate movement was required and the Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controllers for translational and rotational movement on the robot were improved. The test results show an improvement in straight line trajectory tracking when compared to those of the previous controllers. Dribble control sensors were implemented on the robot for successful dribbling by the robot. This resulted in a significant improvement to the dribbling ability of the robot when these sensors are used. This dribbling ability was compared to the dribbling ability of the robot when no feedback was received from the sensors. Lastly a proposed curved trajectory tracking algorithm was tested by combining translational and rotational movement of the robot. This algorithm showed the capabilities of the robot to follow a curved trajectory with the improved translational and rotational controllers. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die RoboCup bied ’n navorsingsplatvorm om robotika en multi-robot samewerking in ’n dinamiese omgewing te bevorder. Hierdie projek bou voort op werk wat reeds gedoen is om ’n navorsingsplatvorm vir multi-robot samewerking aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch te ontwikkel. Hierdie tesis beskryf die ontwikkeling van ’n aktiewe balhanteringsstelsel vir ’n robot in die RoboCup Klein Liga (KL). Dit is bereik deur voort te bou op die werk wat in vorige projekte gedoen is. Die hardeware vir die skopper- en dribbelmeganismes is geïmplementeer en getoets om hulle vermoëns te karakteriseer. Die skopper is gekenmerk deur die spoed waarteen ’n bal geskop word en die dribbler vir optimale beheer oor ’n bal. Meer akkurate beweging was nodig en die PID-beheerders vir translasie- en rotasiebeweging in die robot is verbeter. Die resultate van die toetse toon ’n verbetering in reguitlynbeweging in vergelyking met dié van die vorige beheerders. Dribbelbeheersensors is in die robot geïmplementeer vir suksesvolle dribbelbeweging deur die robot. Gevolglik is daar ’n aansienlike verbetering in die dribbelvermoë van die robot wanneer hierdie sensors gebruik word. Hierdie dribbelvermoë is vergelyk met die dribbelvermoë wanneer die robot geen terugvoer van die sensors ontvang nie. Laastens is ’n voorgestelde algoritme vir die robot om ’n geboë trajek te volg, getoets. Dit is bereik deur die translasie- en die rotasiebeweging van die robot te kombineer. Hierdie algoritme het die vermoë van die robot om ’n geboë baan te laat volg deur gebruik te maak van die verbeterde translasie- en rotasiebeheerders.

Nesta dissertação de mestrado pretendemos apresentar algumas marcas discursivas e enunciativas que foram o resultado da análise de narrações de gols, de partidas de futebol entre times argentinos e brasileiros, extraídas de meios de comunicação desses dois países. A observação desses relatos nos levou a reconhecer duas vozes, uma mais associada a um profissional da narração esportiva e a outra com traços mais próximos a um torcedor ou hincha. Colocamos nosso foco na última, a partir da qual, em seus enunciados, encontramos traços comuns, e outros diferentes, que vinculamos com aspectos sócio-históricos de cada país. Iniciamos nosso trabalho propondo um percurso histórico, que começa com o surgimento do futebol no século XIX e passa pela chegada do esporte ao Brasil e à Argentina, a formação de clubes, o processo de massificação do jogo, e sua espetacularização a partir dos meios de comunicação escritos e radiofônicos, já nos anos 30 do século XX. Nesse caminho também apontaremos para alguns aspectos do panorama social nas cidades de Buenos Aires, São Paulo e Rio, sobretudo com aqueles vinculados com a popularização do futebol, a formação e tipos de torcidas, e as características do torcedor/hincha. Como base teórica, tomaremos os conceitos de ethos, dados por D. Maingueneau, e as características do Locutor e enunciador, propostas por O. Ducrot, e de Locutor e locutor-x propostas por E. Guimarães. Por sua vez, assinalamos para a importância do narrador esportivo na produção do material a ser analisado, e propomos a categoria de subgênero, para a narração do gol, tentando explicá-lo a partir da conceitualização sobre gêneros discursivos em M. Bakhtin. Finalmente, apontamos para características que poderiam vincular os resultados discursivos encontrados com o panorama histórico-social mostrado no trabalho. / In the present Masters thesis, we intend to present a few discourse and enunciation markers which have been the result of the analysis of the description of soccer goals in matches between Argentinian and Brazilian teams, extracted from mass media of these two countries. The observation of these descriptions has led us to recognize two voices, one more associated to a professional sportscaster and another with features closer to those of a soccer fan (torcedor or hincha). We have focused on the latter, and based on these utterances we found both common and different features which we have linked to sociohistorical aspects of each country. We started our work by proposing a historical path which starts with the appearance of soccer in the XIX century and proceeds with the arrival of the sport in Brazil and Argentina, the creation of clubs, the process of massification of the game and its spectacularization by the radio and the printed media, already in the 1930s. Along the way, we also present some aspects of the social background of the cities of Buenos Aires, São Paulo and Rio, primarily with those related to the popularization of soccer, the creation and the different kinds of soccer crowds, and the characteristics of the soccer fan (torcedor/hincha). As our theoretical framework we will draw on the concept of ethos, elaborated by D. Maingueneau, and the characteristics of the Speaker and the utterer, proposed by O. Ducrot, and of the Speaker and of the x-speaker, proposed by E. Guimarães. On the other hand, we point out the importance of the sportscaster in the production of the material to be analyzed, and we propose the category of subgenre for the description of goals, in order to attempt to explain it based on the conceptualization of discourse genres in M. Bakhtin. Finally, we indicate some characteristics which might link the discourse-related results found to the sociohistorical panorama shown in the present work.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:22:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wilson Constantino de Araujo Filho.pdf: 225243 bytes, checksum: 06e496e8a5fb7a488f5ef3e227317f0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-27 / Brazilian soccer: the trajectory of the professional soccer player and the end of its career are the focus of this study, considering that this sport is a relevant instrument in the social life, having collaborated for the consolidation of the Brazilian national identity. The objective was to analyze the career of the professional soccer player from the perspective of the deep changes in the work environment, stressing the formation of the idol figure, through its trajectory and of how the end of the career displays a context marked by the uncertainty of the future and frustrations towards an interrupted dream, where the reclaim of stability presents the dilemma of the acceptance of a new identity inside or out of this sport. It was chosen to use a qualitative methodology, especially the half-structuralized interview, with interlacement of aspects of the theoretical referential and of the interpreting repertoires of the citizens as well. The interview script approached subjects as soccer player career, social ascension, social representation, the relation work/profession, personal evaluation of the career, among others. In order to do so, four former players of professional Brazilian soccer were interviewed, and it was also used as data source news articles propagated in the written press and concerning bibliographies to the considered subject. It was verified that the administration of the sport in Brazil is lead, with rare exceptions, on an amateur way, aiming the interest of few which, supported by statutes and formal and informal rules, perpetuate themselves in powerful positions, harming the professionalization of the administration of this Brazilian sport. It was also verified that the issue of the permanence of this professional in the same segment at the end of its career depends on an anticipated projection, being possible the entrepreneurialism or other formats of insertion in the sport, or even the insertion in another profession accordingly with its academic formation, if there is one / Futebol brasileiro: a trajetória do jogador profissional e o fim de sua carreira é o foco deste estudo, considerando que esse esporte se apresenta como um relevante instrumento na vida social, tendo colaborado para a consolidação da identidade nacional brasileira. Buscou-se analisar a carreira do jogador de futebol profissional a partir de uma perspectiva de profundas mudanças no mundo do trabalho, destacando a formação do ídolo, através de sua trajetória e de como o fim da carreira expõe um contexto marcado pela incerteza do futuro e frustrações diante de um sonho interrompido, onde a retomada da estabilidade social apresenta o dilema da aceitação de uma nova identidade dentro ou fora desse esporte. Optou-se pela utilização de uma metodologia qualitativa, especialmente a entrevista semi-estruturada, com entrelaçamento tanto de aspectos do referencial teórico, como dos repertórios interpretativos dos sujeitos. O roteiro de entrevista abordou temas como, carreira do jogador, ascensão social, representação social, a relação trabalho/profissão, avaliação pessoal da carreira, entre outros. Para tanto, foram entrevistados quatro ex-jogadores de futebol profissional brasileiro e também utilizou-se como fonte de dados, reportagens veiculadas na imprensa escrita e bibliografias concernentes ao tema proposto. Verificou-se que a administração do esporte no Brasil é conduzida, com raras exceções, de forma amadora, visando o interesse de poucos que, amparados por estatutos e regras formais e informais, perpetuam-se no poder, vindo a prejudicar a profissionalização da administração desse esporte brasileiro. Verificou-se ainda que a questão da permanência desse profissional no mesmo segmento ao fim da carreira, confirmando o profissionalismo, depende de uma projeção antecipada, sendo possível o empreendedorismo, outros formatos de inserção no próprio esporte, ou ainda, a inserção em outra profissão conforme sua formação acadêmica, quando esta existir

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wilson Constantino de Araujo Filho.pdf: 225243 bytes, checksum: 06e496e8a5fb7a488f5ef3e227317f0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-27 / Brazilian soccer: the trajectory of the professional soccer player and the end of its career are the focus of this study, considering that this sport is a relevant instrument in the social life, having collaborated for the consolidation of the Brazilian national identity. The objective was to analyze the career of the professional soccer player from the perspective of the deep changes in the work environment, stressing the formation of the idol figure, through its trajectory and of how the end of the career displays a context marked by the uncertainty of the future and frustrations towards an interrupted dream, where the reclaim of stability presents the dilemma of the acceptance of a new identity inside or out of this sport. It was chosen to use a qualitative methodology, especially the half-structuralized interview, with interlacement of aspects of the theoretical referential and of the interpreting repertoires of the citizens as well. The interview script approached subjects as soccer player career, social ascension, social representation, the relation work/profession, personal evaluation of the career, among others. In order to do so, four former players of professional Brazilian soccer were interviewed, and it was also used as data source news articles propagated in the written press and concerning bibliographies to the considered subject. It was verified that the administration of the sport in Brazil is lead, with rare exceptions, on an amateur way, aiming the interest of few which, supported by statutes and formal and informal rules, perpetuate themselves in powerful positions, harming the professionalization of the administration of this Brazilian sport. It was also verified that the issue of the permanence of this professional in the same segment at the end of its career depends on an anticipated projection, being possible the entrepreneurialism or other formats of insertion in the sport, or even the insertion in another profession accordingly with its academic formation, if there is one / Futebol brasileiro: a trajetória do jogador profissional e o fim de sua carreira é o foco deste estudo, considerando que esse esporte se apresenta como um relevante instrumento na vida social, tendo colaborado para a consolidação da identidade nacional brasileira. Buscou-se analisar a carreira do jogador de futebol profissional a partir de uma perspectiva de profundas mudanças no mundo do trabalho, destacando a formação do ídolo, através de sua trajetória e de como o fim da carreira expõe um contexto marcado pela incerteza do futuro e frustrações diante de um sonho interrompido, onde a retomada da estabilidade social apresenta o dilema da aceitação de uma nova identidade dentro ou fora desse esporte. Optou-se pela utilização de uma metodologia qualitativa, especialmente a entrevista semi-estruturada, com entrelaçamento tanto de aspectos do referencial teórico, como dos repertórios interpretativos dos sujeitos. O roteiro de entrevista abordou temas como, carreira do jogador, ascensão social, representação social, a relação trabalho/profissão, avaliação pessoal da carreira, entre outros. Para tanto, foram entrevistados quatro ex-jogadores de futebol profissional brasileiro e também utilizou-se como fonte de dados, reportagens veiculadas na imprensa escrita e bibliografias concernentes ao tema proposto. Verificou-se que a administração do esporte no Brasil é conduzida, com raras exceções, de forma amadora, visando o interesse de poucos que, amparados por estatutos e regras formais e informais, perpetuam-se no poder, vindo a prejudicar a profissionalização da administração desse esporte brasileiro. Verificou-se ainda que a questão da permanência desse profissional no mesmo segmento ao fim da carreira, confirmando o profissionalismo, depende de uma projeção antecipada, sendo possível o empreendedorismo, outros formatos de inserção no próprio esporte, ou ainda, a inserção em outra profissão conforme sua formação acadêmica, quando esta existir

Univ., Diss.--Kiel, 2002.

This study investigates Zambians’ construction of identities based on their following of the English soccer premier league. The study seeks to understand how Zambian supporters of this league construct their identities based on their encounter with foreign teams/players and how they appropriate the meanings obtained through such viewing in their daily lives. The study is informed by the theories of fandom. Using an ethnographic critique of the media imperialism thesis, the study attempts to explore the meanings that the fans of the English soccer league in urban Lusaka make of the mediated soccer games, while in and outside the viewing spaces – the bars – where the games are ritually watched in groups. Based on the qualitative methods of focus group discussions, individual in-depth interviews and observations, the study probes the phenomenon of the consumption of English premier league football in countries abroad, focusing specifically on the experiences of fans in Lusaka, Zambia. Observation of this phenomenon in Lusaka reveals that fans find pleasure in the tactics that the teams in the league display, the professionalism of the players, goal scoring and self-empowerment for the few women supporters. This study probes these issues in greater depth. The foremost conclusion of the research is that it neither completely rejects nor accepts the media imperialism thesis. Instead, meanings should be understood within the context of the lived experience and reality of the fans.

Thesis (DTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / The hosting of mega-events such as the 2010 FIFA World CupTM create expectations from the host nation, especially in the host cities. This is largely due to the impacts associated with the hosting of such events. Planning is perceived to be at the centre of successful hosting of such events. Planning also assists in making sure that benefits from such events are maximised and costs minimised. Events like the 2010 FIFA World CupTM do not only require high level planning but also a multi-stakeholder approach. With South Africa and the continent hosting the FIFA World CupTM for the first time since its inception, expectations were rising from both host and non-host areas. The study investigates a multi-stakeholder approach to planning on the 2010 FIFA World CupTM initiatives conducted by a non-host area - Cape Winelands District Municipality (CWDM), Western Cape, South Africa. The location of the CWDM is less than 45 minutes from the host city (Cape Town). By virtue of its close proximity, the CWDM positioned itself to leverage from the event as a result of possible spill-over effects. The study was driven mainly by five objectives. These include the identification of 2010 FIFA World CupTM planning initiatives, assessment of planning initiatives in relation to beneficiation of local municipalities, gaining an understanding of ways in which various stakeholders are involved in the planning initiatives, ascertaining ways in which various stakeholders perceive the benefits/spill-over effects and examining the alignment, integration and co-ordination of the 2010 FIFA World CupTM planned initiatives in the CWDM. In pursuing these objectives, both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in the collection of data. Respondents included residents (n=1 250), established businesses (n=108) and CWDM officials (n=5), using stratified random sampling, convenient sampling and purposive sampling, respectively. A total of 1 363 questionnaires were administered among the respondents of the study.

Nesta dissertação de mestrado pretendemos apresentar algumas marcas discursivas e enunciativas que foram o resultado da análise de narrações de gols, de partidas de futebol entre times argentinos e brasileiros, extraídas de meios de comunicação desses dois países. A observação desses relatos nos levou a reconhecer duas vozes, uma mais associada a um profissional da narração esportiva e a outra com traços mais próximos a um torcedor ou hincha. Colocamos nosso foco na última, a partir da qual, em seus enunciados, encontramos traços comuns, e outros diferentes, que vinculamos com aspectos sócio-históricos de cada país. Iniciamos nosso trabalho propondo um percurso histórico, que começa com o surgimento do futebol no século XIX e passa pela chegada do esporte ao Brasil e à Argentina, a formação de clubes, o processo de massificação do jogo, e sua espetacularização a partir dos meios de comunicação escritos e radiofônicos, já nos anos 30 do século XX. Nesse caminho também apontaremos para alguns aspectos do panorama social nas cidades de Buenos Aires, São Paulo e Rio, sobretudo com aqueles vinculados com a popularização do futebol, a formação e tipos de torcidas, e as características do torcedor/hincha. Como base teórica, tomaremos os conceitos de ethos, dados por D. Maingueneau, e as características do Locutor e enunciador, propostas por O. Ducrot, e de Locutor e locutor-x propostas por E. Guimarães. Por sua vez, assinalamos para a importância do narrador esportivo na produção do material a ser analisado, e propomos a categoria de subgênero, para a narração do gol, tentando explicá-lo a partir da conceitualização sobre gêneros discursivos em M. Bakhtin. Finalmente, apontamos para características que poderiam vincular os resultados discursivos encontrados com o panorama histórico-social mostrado no trabalho. / In the present Masters thesis, we intend to present a few discourse and enunciation markers which have been the result of the analysis of the description of soccer goals in matches between Argentinian and Brazilian teams, extracted from mass media of these two countries. The observation of these descriptions has led us to recognize two voices, one more associated to a professional sportscaster and another with features closer to those of a soccer fan (torcedor or hincha). We have focused on the latter, and based on these utterances we found both common and different features which we have linked to sociohistorical aspects of each country. We started our work by proposing a historical path which starts with the appearance of soccer in the XIX century and proceeds with the arrival of the sport in Brazil and Argentina, the creation of clubs, the process of massification of the game and its spectacularization by the radio and the printed media, already in the 1930s. Along the way, we also present some aspects of the social background of the cities of Buenos Aires, São Paulo and Rio, primarily with those related to the popularization of soccer, the creation and the different kinds of soccer crowds, and the characteristics of the soccer fan (torcedor/hincha). As our theoretical framework we will draw on the concept of ethos, elaborated by D. Maingueneau, and the characteristics of the Speaker and the utterer, proposed by O. Ducrot, and of the Speaker and of the x-speaker, proposed by E. Guimarães. On the other hand, we point out the importance of the sportscaster in the production of the material to be analyzed, and we propose the category of subgenre for the description of goals, in order to attempt to explain it based on the conceptualization of discourse genres in M. Bakhtin. Finally, we indicate some characteristics which might link the discourse-related results found to the sociohistorical panorama shown in the present work.