Internal-external locus of control was studied in relationship to the religious phenomena "glossolalia." Contrary to the main hypothesis formulated, glossolalics were found significantly more internal in locus of control than non-tongues speakers. Intercorrelations were studied between the variables of I-E, age, length of church membership, income level, educational level, and perceived control by God, for tongue-speaker and non-tongue-speaker groups. Chisquare comparisons were made between the groups on educational level, income level, and perceived control by God, with significant differences being found in educational level. Additional analysis was made between I-E and the variables of educational levels, income levels, and perceived control by God. Historical and current interpretations of the personality of glossolalics are challenged. The construct validity of the Rotter scale for use with religious populations is challenged.

La bibliothèque mondiale est le système spatialisé complexe de tous les textes disponibles dans le monde. Aujourd’hui saisie par la révolution numérique et le multimédia, elle est pourtant construite à partir d’une figure ordinaire : la bibliothèque de livres. Dans un usage redéfini pour la géographie, la littératie désigne les pratiques et les politiques publiques de lecture écriture. La bibliothèque mondiale et la littératie sont deux objets ordinaires de la géographie et nous proposons de les prendre au sérieux en y travaillant la question des échelles et des mobilités : le niveau national est-il toujours le niveau d’organisation dominant des littératies dans le monde ? Quels y sont les devenirs voisins aux échelles infra et supra-nationales ?Pour dépasser une approche trop abstraite, nous avons fortement sollicité la parole des acteurs à travers l’entretien,dans une démarche de recherche-action et de neutralisation de la croyance littéraire. À la manière des New literacy studies, nous avons multiplié les petits terrains dans un inventaire géographique des formes et des niveaux scalaires (bibliothèques embarquées, Aran, provincialismes, prix Nobel). Nous avons également enquêté dans deux États-nations, leMali et la Corée du Sud, choisis pour leur écart au modèle français. Le jeu scalaire observé montre que la mondialisation de la littératie se développe de manière très différenciée selon les espaces, en fonction notamment du projet national. La torsion de ce niveau autrefois central libère/contraint les acteurs : les dynamiques multi-niveaux permettent alors d’interpréter les fonctionnements complexes. L’aménagement culturel est une question politique multiscalaire / The world library is a complex, specialized system comprising all the texts available all over the world. Though ingrained in the digital revolution and multimedia tools, its construction is nonetheless based on a fairly ordinary pattern : the library with books. In a sense redefined for the sake of geography, literacy designates practices and public policies regarding readingand writing. World library and literacy are also two common preoccupations of geography, which we offer to take seriously by working into them the issues of scale and mobility. That is, is the national level always the level of organization dominating literacies in the world ? What are, within these, the likely future outcomes close to the infra and supranational scales ?To go beyond an overly abstract approach, we have strongly sought out the testimonies of agents of literacy through interviews, in a quest combining research and action, as well as by debunking the literary belief. Along the lines of the New Literacy Studies, we have multiplied the small fields in a geographical inventory of forms and levels (dumped libraries, Aran, provincialisms, Nobel Prize). We have also investigated the issue in two nation-states – Mali and South Korea – chosen each for its relative distance from the French model. The game of scales under observation reveals that the globalization of literacy grows in a highly differentiated manner depending on the environments, particularly with regard to the national project. The twisting of this once central level liberates/constrains the agents, so that multilevel dynamics allow us thento interpret such complex workings. Cultural planning is a multi-scale political issue

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar um estudo crítico sobre o romance Jacó e Dulce cenas da vida indiana do goês Francisco João da Costa (1859-1900), mais conhecido como Gip. Primeiro texto de viés realista da literatura de língua portuguesa produzida em Goa, transformou-se num marco na história literária daquela colônia. Tendo em vista a escassez de textos críticos dedicados exclusivamente a esse importante romance, procuraremos suprir tal lacuna, com um estudo que contextualize autor e obra, no âmbito da literatura portuguesa, tomando por referência o projeto de literatura realista do escritor Eça de Queirós. / The present work aims to conduct a critical study about the novel Jacob and Dulce sketches from indo-portuguese life, by the goan Francisco João da Costa (1859-1900), better known as Gip. First text to be guided by the literary realism in goans literature, of portuguese language, Jacob and Dulce had become a landmark in the literary history of that colony. By the dearth of critical studies devoted exclusively to this important novel, we will try to fill this gap with a study that contextualize the author and his work within the framework of portuguese literature, taking by reference Eça de Queiróss project of literary realism.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar um estudo crítico sobre o romance Jacó e Dulce cenas da vida indiana do goês Francisco João da Costa (1859-1900), mais conhecido como Gip. Primeiro texto de viés realista da literatura de língua portuguesa produzida em Goa, transformou-se num marco na história literária daquela colônia. Tendo em vista a escassez de textos críticos dedicados exclusivamente a esse importante romance, procuraremos suprir tal lacuna, com um estudo que contextualize autor e obra, no âmbito da literatura portuguesa, tomando por referência o projeto de literatura realista do escritor Eça de Queirós. / The present work aims to conduct a critical study about the novel Jacob and Dulce sketches from indo-portuguese life, by the goan Francisco João da Costa (1859-1900), better known as Gip. First text to be guided by the literary realism in goans literature, of portuguese language, Jacob and Dulce had become a landmark in the literary history of that colony. By the dearth of critical studies devoted exclusively to this important novel, we will try to fill this gap with a study that contextualize the author and his work within the framework of portuguese literature, taking by reference Eça de Queiróss project of literary realism.

This research report is concerned with translation in which culture plays a major role, and examines the issues involved in translating for a specific audience – in this case Arabic-speaking Moslem children in Egypt. Translation is firstly discussed in a broader context, demonstrating that translation needs to be understood either as “rewriting” or “cultural textualisation” (Snell-Hornby, 1997:123). Secondly, the translation of children’s literature is discussed as a type of translation operating through an encounter with both culture and linguistics. Overlaps between language and culture are located and the importance of contextual adaptation is emphasised in relation to solutions proposed for addressing the cultural problems raised in the translation of Peter Slingsby’s The Joining for Egyptian children. In conclusion, suggestions are made concerning translation as adaptation in the form of possible guidelines for future translators of children’s literature into Arabic.

The ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines identify memorized words and phrases as a hallmark of novice-level speech. For this reason, research by Cox (2017) found rehearsed content to be a major hindrance to interviewees being rated at higher sublevels on the Oral Proficiency Interview-computer (OPIc). To further investigate, an analysis of these memorized segments to determine patterns of lexico-grammatical and discursive features was conducted. In this study, researchers utilized a Praat analysis to compare prosodic features (specifically, mean length of utterance, number of silent pauses, and articulation rate) of speech segments marked as memorized and those which were not. A qualitative analysis was also conducted by identifying via a grounded theory approach any notable patterns both within single interviews as well as between speakers. Articulation rates differed significantly between the spontaneous and rehearsed segments; however, the strongest evidence of memorization lay in the transcriptions and the patterns that emerged within and across interviews.

La focalisation prosodique désigne le soulignement d’un constituant dans un énoncé au moyen de différentes ressources prosodiques, en particulier l’accentuation et l’intonation. Plusieurs fonctions sont attribuées à la focalisation : le marquage des différentes catégories de focus, ainsi que des fonctions emphatiques (ici appelées insistance et expressivité). Cette thèse a pour principal but de savoir si la focalisation et ses fonctions présentent des propriétés spécifiques dans le phonogenre de la parole interprétée, c’est-à-dire l’oralisation d’un texte écrit mémorisé au préalable par le locuteur (généralement un comédien). Cette question présente un intérêt pour la linguistique et la phonétique à plusieurs titres. Tout d’abord, les différences de réalisation prosodique entre les fonctions de la focalisation sont encore mal connues. Par ailleurs, peu d’études ont été consacrées aux caractéristiques prosodiques de la parole interprétée. Enfin, notre thèse présente un apport sur le plan méthodologique à travers le protocole relativement novateur de ses deux expériences. Dans une expérience de production, des locuteurs ont reproduit des conversations spontanées en parole lue et en parole interprétée. Un groupe d’experts en prosodie a ensuite relevé les occurrences de focalisation dans le corpus et a effectué une classification fonctionnelle de ces occurrences. Nous avons également mené une expérience de perception afin de comparer la réalisation des fonctions de la focalisation indépendamment du phonogenre. Malgré un taux d’accord entre experts relativement faible (ce qui soulève plusieurs questions méthodologiques et théoriques), nos analyses révèlent plusieurs résultats originaux. La fréquence d’occurrence de la focalisation est la plus élevée en parole interprétée, suivie de la parole lue. Ce résultat confirme notre prédiction et suggère que la parole interprétée est un phonogenre favorable à l’étude de la focalisation. Une forte relation est observée entre la fonction d’insistance et le trait d’accentuation initiale, ce qui confirme de nombreuses études précédentes. Le phonogenre se révèle en revanche avoir très peu d’influence sur la réalisation de la focalisation et de ses fonctions. Ce résultat est dû selon nous à un manque de données et au fait que certains traits prosodiques n’ont pas été pris en compte dans l’analyse. / Prosodic highlighting refers to the distinction of a constituent through various prosodic means, especially accentuation and intonation. It is taken to fulfill several functions: marking the different types of focus, as well as emphatic functions (named here “insisting” and “expressiveness”). The main goal of this thesis is to determine whether prosodic highlighting and its functions display specific features in interpreted speech, a speaking style that can be defined as the oralization of a written text previously memorized by the speaker (typically an actor). This question is relevant for linguistics and phonetics on several counts. First, little is still known about prosodic differences between functions of prosodic highlighting. Moreover, few studies have analyzed the prosodic characteristics of interpreted speech. Finally, through their innovative protocols, the two experiments described in this thesis present a methodological contribution. A production experiment consisted in having speakers replicate spontaneous conversations in read and interpreted speech. A group of experts then annotated the occurrences of prosodic highlighting in the corpus, and assigned a function to each occurrence. A perception experiment was also led in order to compare the realization of each function independently of speaking style. Despite a relatively low agreement rate between experts (which raises several methodological and theoretical questions), our analyses reveal several important results. The frequency of occurrence of prosodic highlighting is highest in interpreted speech, followed by read speech. This confirms our prediction and suggests that interpreted speech is more suited to the study of prosodic highlighting than other speaking styles. A strong association is observed between insisting and initial secondary accent, which confirms many previous studies. However, there is almost no influence of speaking style on the realization of prosodic highlighting and its functions. We attribute this result to a lack of data and to the fact that some prosodic features were not taken into account in the analysis.

Sixteen figures, all lined up together, speaking quietly.

No description available.

This study aimed to determine the need for practical and academic training in Spanish for bilingual social work students. Using an exploratory method with a qualitative approach, the researcher interviewed bilingual MSW students who were providing counseling services in Spanish and who had not received any training in clinical Spanish. The study used purposive sampling to interview and evaluate participants’ perception of competence in providing services to Spanish speakers. Through data analysis, the researcher identified three themes: linguistic issues in clinical terminology, discomfort feelings, and language expectation. A limitation of this study included that the results could not be generalized to the larger population due to the small sample size. Recommendations included support from bilingual field instructors to process cases in Spanish and to strongly recommend students to participate in the Certificate Program in Healthcare at CSUSB to assist students who wish to continue working with Spanish speaking clients.