Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:09:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-20. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:27:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000843900.pdf: 4080411 bytes, checksum: cf0232eb08a31cb185e163f6ba5a3998 (MD5) / Em teleósteos, a utilização de transplante de espermatogônias tronco está criando um cenário novo e promissor na área de biotecnologia e produção em aquicultura, possibilitando a preservação de espécies em perigo de extinção. Esta técnica consiste na remoção de células tronco espermatogoniais do testículo de um animal doador e a sua transferência para o testículo de um receptor. Para garantir a eficiência desta técnica o receptor deve ter sua espermatogênese endógena suprimida, pois a eficiência do transplante depende do sucesso na competição entre células germinativas transplantadas e células germinativas endógenas nos túbulos seminíferos. Este estudo teve por objetivo promover experimentalmente a depleção da espermatogênese endógena de Devario aequipinnatus, por meio da droga quimioterápica Myleran (Busulfan) e sua associação com a temperatura de 30°C. Foram definidas quatro fases de maturação gonadal para o ciclo testicular de D. aequipinnatus: Maturação Inicial, Maturação Intermediária, Maturação Final e Regressão, essas definições tiveram como base as alterações do epitélio germinativo testicular associado aos estágios das células germinativas presentes. Para depleção foram testadas duas dosagens, no T15/18 foram aplicadas duas injeções, via intracelomática, com intervalo de 10 dias entre as mesmas, sendo a primeira dose de 15 mg kg -1 Myleran (Busulfan) e a segunda com 18 mg kg -1 de Myleran. No T40 foi aplicado somente uma injeção contendo 40 mg kg -1 de Myleran (Busulfan). Como grupo controle foi utilizado uma unidade experimental sem a inclusão de qualquer tipo de droga, em que os animais permaneceram sob as mesmas condições de temperatura, alimentação e fotoperíodo oferecidas para os animais utilizados dos tratamentos. O T15/18 e o T40 apresentaram uma redução significativa na quantidade de Espermatócitos e consequentemente um aumento na quantidade de lúmen... / In teleosts, the use of spermatogonial stem transplant is creating a new and promising scenario in the area of biotechnology and aquaculture production, enabling the preservation of species in danger of extinction. This technique involves the removal of spermatogonial stem cells of the testis of a donor animal and its transfer to the testicle of a receiver. To ensure the efficiency of this technique the receiver shall have its endogenous spermatogenesis deleted because the transplant efficiency depends on the success in the competition between transplanted germ cells and endogenous germ cells in the seminiferous tubules. This study aimed to experimentally promote depletion of endogenous spermatogenesis Devario aequipinnatus through the chemotherapy drug Myleran (Busulfan) and its association with the temperature 30 ° C. Maturation of four phases have been defined for testicular cycle D. aequipinnatus: Maturation Home, Intermediate maturation, maturation and Final Regression, these definitions were based on the changes of the testicular germinal epithelium associated with the stages of germ cells present. For depletion two doses were tested in the T15 / 18 were applied two injections via intracelomic with an interval of 10 days between them, the first dose of 15 mg kg-1 Myleran (Busulfan) and second with 18 mg kg- 1 Myleran. T40 was applied only in an injection containing 40 mg kg-1 Myleran (Busulfan). The control group was used an experimental unit without the inclusion of any type of drug, where the animals were kept under the same conditions of temperature, photoperiod and food offered to the animals used treatments. The T15 / 18 and T40 showed a significant reduction in the number of spermatocytes and consequently an increase in the amount tubular lumen in the testes of the animals examined. Three days after application of Busulfan for both single dose and double dose of Busulfan for an increase in pyknosis in spermatogonia ...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T17:12:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-06-07T17:16:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000858460_20170228.pdf: 359393 bytes, checksum: ab4752f5b3fa1e4553063aedef942c47 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-03-03T11:01:35Z: 000858460_20170228.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-03-03T11:02:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000858460.pdf: 11793485 bytes, checksum: 0eebc6dc95ae27f898b869d444658f4e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Telchin licus (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) é um inseto praga da cultura canavieira, conhecido popularmente como broca gigante da cana-de-açúcar. No Brasil, a produção açucareira e de etanol é uma das principais atividades da economia nacional. Entretanto, apesar da sua importância econômica para o país, grande parte da produção da cana é perdida por causa dos danos causados por insetos pragas. A broca gigante encontra-se disseminada em uma área de aproximadamente 320 mil hectares no país e pode afetar de 20 a 60% da produção nos locais onde ocorre, causando perdas de até R$ 34,5 milhões a cada safra. É na fase de larva que este inseto causa os enormes prejuízos à plantação, e por possuir um tamanho considerável é conhecida como broca gigante. Dentre os principais danos a cana-de-açúcar, destaca-se a podridão vermelha, causada por fungos que invadem as extensas galerias abertas pelas larvas, diminuindo da produção do vegetal e prejudicando a produção industrial de açúcar e álcool. A ampliação do conhecimento sobre a biologia e a reprodução deste inseto tem se tornado uma necessidade para fundamentar pesquisas sobre o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de métodos de controle desta praga e diante disso nos propusemos a caracterizar morfologicamente o testículo e investigar o processo de formação de gametas masculinos (espermatogênese) nesta espécie. Em Lepidoptera há a produção dicotômica de espermatozoides, os espermatozoides eupirenes, com núcleo, e os espermatozoides apirenes, sem núcleo. Neste estudo realizamos a descrição morfológica e ultraestrutural dos testículos em T. licus, além da caracterização das diferentes fases da espermatogênese e dos dois tipos de espermatozoides resultantes de tal processo. Para tanto foram utilizados larvas e adultos da broca gigante. Em larvas, os dois testículos aparecem separados e apresentam formato riniforme, já em adultos... / Telchin licus (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) is a sugarcane crop pest known as giant sugarcane borer. In Brazil the production of sugar and alcohol is considered one of the main activities of the national economy. Despite the economy importance of sugarcane to the country, large amount of sugarcane production is lost because of damage caused by insect pests. The giant sugarcane borer is widespread in an area about 320 thousands of hectares and can affect from 20% to 60% of the production where it occurs, causing losses up to R$ 34,5 million each harvest. In the larval stage this insect can causes huge losses for crop and because of your body size it is known as giant borer. It can mention podridão vermelha among the main damages caused by fungi that enter in the hollow open by the larvae in sugarcane, thus decreasing the sugar and alcohol production. The expansion of knowledge about the reproduction biology of this insect has become a requirement to support research on the development and improvement of control methods to this pest and faced with we set out to characterize morphologically the testis and investigate the formation process of male gametes (spermatogenesis) in this specie. The Lepidopteran order has the dichotomous spermatogenesis with the production of eupyrene and apyrene sperm (nucleate and enucleated). In this study it was made the morphological and ultrastructural description of T. licus testis and the characterization of different spermatogenesis steps and the characterization of the two sperm types. It was used larvae and adults to the research. The spermatogenesis process can be organized and characterized in six steps (spermatogonia, spermatocyte, early spermatid, young spermatid, late spermatid and sperm), resulting in two sperm types, the eupyrene and apyrene ones

Orientador: Daniela Carvalho dos Santos / Banca: Carlos Frederico Wilcken / Banca: Elaine C. M. Silva Zacarin / Banca: Fabio Cleisto Alda Dossi / Banca: Thaisa Cristina Roat / Resumo: Telchin licus (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) é um inseto praga da cultura canavieira, conhecido popularmente como broca gigante da cana-de-açúcar. No Brasil, a produção açucareira e de etanol é uma das principais atividades da economia nacional. Entretanto, apesar da sua importância econômica para o país, grande parte da produção da cana é perdida por causa dos danos causados por insetos pragas. A broca gigante encontra-se disseminada em uma área de aproximadamente 320 mil hectares no país e pode afetar de 20 a 60% da produção nos locais onde ocorre, causando perdas de até R$ 34,5 milhões a cada safra. É na fase de larva que este inseto causa os enormes prejuízos à plantação, e por possuir um tamanho considerável é conhecida como "broca gigante". Dentre os principais danos a cana-de-açúcar, destaca-se a "podridão vermelha", causada por fungos que invadem as extensas galerias abertas pelas larvas, diminuindo da produção do vegetal e prejudicando a produção industrial de açúcar e álcool. A ampliação do conhecimento sobre a biologia e a reprodução deste inseto tem se tornado uma necessidade para fundamentar pesquisas sobre o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de métodos de controle desta praga e diante disso nos propusemos a caracterizar morfologicamente o testículo e investigar o processo de formação de gametas masculinos (espermatogênese) nesta espécie. Em Lepidoptera há a produção dicotômica de espermatozoides, os espermatozoides eupirenes, com núcleo, e os espermatozoides apirenes, sem núcleo. Neste estudo realizamos a descrição morfológica e ultraestrutural dos testículos em T. licus, além da caracterização das diferentes fases da espermatogênese e dos dois tipos de espermatozoides resultantes de tal processo. Para tanto foram utilizados larvas e adultos da broca gigante. Em larvas, os dois testículos aparecem separados e apresentam formato riniforme, já em adultos... / Abstract: Telchin licus (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) is a sugarcane crop pest known as giant sugarcane borer. In Brazil the production of sugar and alcohol is considered one of the main activities of the national economy. Despite the economy importance of sugarcane to the country, large amount of sugarcane production is lost because of damage caused by insect pests. The giant sugarcane borer is widespread in an area about 320 thousands of hectares and can affect from 20% to 60% of the production where it occurs, causing losses up to R$ 34,5 million each harvest. In the larval stage this insect can causes huge losses for crop and because of your body size it is known as "giant borer". It can mention "podridão vermelha" among the main damages caused by fungi that enter in the hollow open by the larvae in sugarcane, thus decreasing the sugar and alcohol production. The expansion of knowledge about the reproduction biology of this insect has become a requirement to support research on the development and improvement of control methods to this pest and faced with we set out to characterize morphologically the testis and investigate the formation process of male gametes (spermatogenesis) in this specie. The Lepidopteran order has the dichotomous spermatogenesis with the production of eupyrene and apyrene sperm (nucleate and enucleated). In this study it was made the morphological and ultrastructural description of T. licus testis and the characterization of different spermatogenesis steps and the characterization of the two sperm types. It was used larvae and adults to the research. The spermatogenesis process can be organized and characterized in six steps (spermatogonia, spermatocyte, early spermatid, young spermatid, late spermatid and sperm), resulting in two sperm types, the eupyrene and apyrene ones / Doutor

Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006 / Cells living under aerobic conditions constantly face the oxygen paradox i.e. oxygen is indispensable for supporting life; however, its metabolites such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) can modify cell function. Oxidative stress (OS) arises as a consequence of excessive ROS production and/or impaired antioxidant defence mechanisms. Environmental and physiological factors have been implicated in poor sperm function. Excessive ROS generation results in oxidative damage and consequently decreased sperm function. The objectives of this study are threefold: (i) To measure the production of O 2 -. by sperm by means of flow cytometry. (ii) To determine effects of O2 -. on sperm motility and viability in the presence or absence of commercially available scavengers and RPO. (iii) To determine effects of O2 -. on selective apoptotic markers in ejaculated sperm in the presence of absence of commercially available scavengers and RPO. In the first part of the study, suitable solvents were investigated in order to introduce RPO (because of its hydrophobic nature) as a possible scavenger of ROS in human spermatozoa. Secondly, the O2 -. donor; 2, 3-dimetoxy-1-naphthoquinone (DMNQ) (2.5~M-100~M, 60 min.) was added to normozoospermic post swim-up samples in the absence or presence of Mn(lIl)TMPyP (50~M) or SOD (501U) or RPO at 0.1% and 0.5%. CASA was used to analyse motility parameters, while FACS was used to determine viability (PI, 1mM, 15 min.) and O2 -. levels (DHE, 30~M, 15min.).

This diploma thesis is devoted to the spermatogenesis of long living water bug species ?water cricket (Velia caprai). Spermatogenesis of nymphs of the fifth instaru, adults of defined age (from 1 up to 60 days after the ecdysis) and also the adults caught in the field of unknown age before - and after the hibernation were studied by histological methods. It was discovered that spermatogenesis of this species is in progress continuously. Even the nymphs of the 5th instar already had spermatids presented and the adult males disposed of spermatozoans just one day after the ecdysis. The presence of all the spermatogenesis cell types (spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and sperms) was confirmed in the case of male adults of various age ? younger after ecdysis as well as older including males after hibernation. Semiaquatic bug Velia caprai has not typical testes in comparison with most of Insects. They are formed by just one testicular follicle which is wider than longer. The follicle´s top is not distinctly formed; the germanium is located in the middle of the follicle´s wider part which is across from the testicle´s orifice to vas deferens. This anomalous position of germarium represents the original apex of testicular follicle in this species.

Orientadores: Irani Quagio-Grassiotto, Maria Ines Borella / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T21:58:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nobrega_RafaelHenrique_M.pdf: 10312793 bytes, checksum: 13a65bc78504251ac2368131cd7f57fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Nos peixes teleósteos, a unidade morfofuncional da espermatogênese é o espenrmatocisto ou cisto, constituído por células germinativas, em desenvolvimento sincrônico, envoltas perifericamente pelas células de Sertoli. Em função da cinética da espermatogênese e do tipo de reprodução (contínua ou sazonal), o epitélio germinativo pode se desenvolver de forma constante ou sofrer modificações cíclicas durante o ciclo reprodutivo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar, através de parâmetros histológicos, ultra-estruturais e imuno-histoquímicos, as alterações do epitélio germinativo em duas espécies de ciclos reprodutivos diferentes (Serrasalmus spilopleura - reprodução contínua e Pimelodus maculatus - reprodução sazonal) e correlacioná-las com as células esteroidogênicas e as células gonadotrópicas, no intuito de melhor compreender a fisiologia reprodutiva dos teleósteos tropicais de água doce. Em S. spilopleura, o epitélio germinativo organiza-se em cistos basais de espermatogônias e cistos apicais de células germinativas em desenvolvimento mais avançado. As espermatogônias basais apresentam intensa atividade proliferativa durante todo o ciclo reprodutivo. As células de Sertoli proliferam no intuito de acompanhar o crescimento dos cistos e aumentar o tamanho do testículo a cada ciclo reprodutivo. Quanto à esteroidogênese, a atividade 3"beta"-HSD é maior na região espermatogênica do que na região relacionada à espermiação. Em relação às células gonadotrópicas, as células LH são requeridas durante a espermatogênese e na espermiação, enquanto que as células FSH são mais ativas na liberação dos espermatozóides e provavelmente na proliferação das células sle Sertoli. Em P. maculatus, o epitélio germinativo passa por modificações morfofuncionais, categorizadas em quatro classes reprodutivas: regredida, maturação, maturação final e regressão. A proliferação das espermatogônias é intensa durante a maturação e depois diminui na maturação final e regressão. As células de Sertoli proliferam em maior freqüência na classe regredida, o que contribui para o crescimento do testículo durante o ciclo reprodutivo. A atividade 3"beta"-HSD é intensa na maturação e na maturação final, e depois diminui na regressão e na classe regredida. Os processos de espermatogênese e liberação de espermatozóides são dependentes de andrógenos. As células LH e FSH estão em maior quantidade durante a maturação e a maturação final, e depois diminuem na regressão e na classe regredida. A espermatogênese e a liberação dos espermatozóides são mais dependentes da atividade gonadotrópica do que os processos de proliferação espermatogonial e regressão testicular / Abstract: In teleost fish, the morphofuncional unit of the spermatogenesis is the spermatocyst or cyst, which are constituded by synchronous developmental germ cells surrounded by Sertoli cells. Depending on the spermatogenesis kinetics and the type of reproduction (continuous/non-seazonal or seazonal), the germinal epithelium may be constant or undego cyclical changes during the reproductive cyc1e. The aim, of the present work is to analyze, through histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evaluation, the changes of the germinal epithelium in two different reproductive cycles (Serrasalmus spilopleura continuous/non-seazonal reproduction and Pimelodus maculatus - seazonal reproduction) and to correlate them with steroidogenic cells and gonadotropic cells, for a better knowledge on the reproductive physiology of the tropical fresh water teleosts. In S. spilopleura, the germinal epithelium was organized in basal cysts of spermatogonia and apical cysts of more advanced developmental germ cells. The basal spermatogonia had intense proliferative activity during the whole reproductive cycle. Sertoli cells proliferation occured in order to accompany the cyst growth and to increase the testis size during each reproductive cycle. For steroidogenic activity, 3"beta"-HSD was stronger in the spermatogenic area than in the area related to spermiation. In re1ation to gonadotropic cells, LH cells were requ~sted during spermatogenesis and spermiation, whereas FSH cells were more active in spermatozoa liberation and probably in the Sertoli celI proliferation. In P. maculatus, the germinal epithelium undergoes morphological changes, classified in 4 reproductive classes: regressed, maturation, final maturation and regression. The spermatogonial prolif~ration was intense during maturation and decreased in final maturation and regression. Sertoli cells proliferated more in regressed class, contributing to testis growth during the reproductive cycle. The 3"beta"-HSD activity was strong in maturation and final maturation, and decreased in regression and in regressed class. Then, spermatogenesis processes and spermatozoa release are dependent of androgenic. LH and FSH cells were in large number during maturation and final maturation, and decreased in regression and in regressed class. In P. maculatus, spermatogenesis and spermatozoa release are more dependent of the gonadotropic activity than the processes such as spermatogonial proliferation and testicular regression / Mestrado / Biologia Celular / Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

Abstract The yellow stingray, Urobatis jamaicensis (Cuvier, 1816) is the most common elasmobranch encountered in the coastal waters of Southeast Florida. The objectives of the present research were to characterize the reproductive biology of a stable population distributed near the northern extent of the species range. Morphological analyses were conducted to determine the seasonal variation of macroscopic and microscopic development and structural organization of reproductive organs of male and female rays (excluding ovarian histology) during all stages of reproduction. This is the first study to document a seasonal biannual cycle for any elasmobranch, as well as, sexual synchrony with a protracted and overlapping periodicity of both reproductive cycles. In male rays, spermatogenesis corresponded with bimodal patterns of genital duct structure, sperm density and linear sperm aggregate formation and disaggregation. Combining data from individual females on: follicle development, ovulation, embryonic growth, and parturition identified the periodicities of the repetitive cycles with ovulation and parturition coinciding from January through April (Feb-Mar peak), and July through October (Aug-Sep peak). Basal crypts were continuously present and supplied the pre-ovulatory synthesis and secretion of histotroph. The basic structure of U. jamaicensis trophonemata was similar to other myliobatiform rays, however, two consecutive endometrial cycles of regeneration and regression were completed with extensive remodeling of glandular and vascular tissues that supplied nourishment and accommodated the respiratory demands of developing offspring. Additional support for concluding there is a biannual cycle was provided by differences in both fecundity and lateralization of uterine function between each reproductive cycle. Oviducal gland structure was reduced and modified with several zone-equivalents, however, secretory products were continuously available and a delicate encapsulating membrane was produced. The uterus was identified as a potential site of fertilization. Extensive levels of matrotrophic input were provided by a modified form of lipid histotrophy with an estimated increase in organic weight from uterine ova to term stage embryos of 4490%. This dissertation is separated into six chapters with (Chapter 1) representing a general introduction and (Chapter 2) describing the materials and methods used throughout the study. The following three chapters represent the bulk of the study, and are divided to characterize the reproductive biology of U. jamaicensis; (Chapter 3) periodicity of reproductive cycles, male anatomy and spermatogenesis, and fecundity patterns; (Chapter 4) uterine morphology, glandular and vascular patterns during the endometrial cycle, and matrotrophic relationships; and (Chapter 5) oviducal gland morphology, sperm distribution throughout the female reproductive tract, determine the occurrence of sperm storage, and describe alternative sites of fertilization. Extensively detailed text and figures further supporting the conclusion of a biannual cycle of reproduction in this animal is provided throughout this dissertation as well as condensed in summary form in the final section (Chapter 6).

Les cellules souches spermatogoniales (SSCs) constituent la population de cellules germinales initiales support de la production des spermatozoïdes tout le long de la vie d’un individu. Ces cellules caractérisées par leur capacité d’auto-renouvellement et de différenciation maintiennent ainsi une réserve et garantissent la production continue de cellules germinales différenciées. Chez les mammifères, plusieurs marqueurs permettant de reconnaitre cette population cellulaire au sein du testicule ont été identifiés. De plus, parmi ces marqueurs, certains permettent d’isoler et de purifier les SSCs. Ils ont ainsi permis d’aborder les mécanismes de régulation du devenir des SSCs par des expériences menées in vitro et in vivo. En revanche, la biologie de ces cellules est beaucoup moins connue chez les vertébrés non mammaliens, en particulier chez les poissons téléostéens. Notre modèle d’étude, la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorynchus mykiss) est caractérisée par une spermatogenèse cyclique et fortement saisonnée. La croissance du testicule immature, la prolifération active des spermatogonies à la puberté, et la quiescence de ces dernières en fin de cycle semblent être des étapes clés de régulation du devenir des SSCs. Grâce à l’analyse des profils d’expression au cours du cycle spermatogénétique et dans des fractions de cellules testiculaires isolées, nous montrons la conservation d’expression de gènes décrit comme marqueurs de SSCs chez les mammifères (pou2, plzf, nanos2 et 3, gfra1) dans les populations de spermatogonies A indifférenciées de truite. En particulier, gfra1 et nanos2 identifient tous deux une sous-population de cellules au sein des spermatogonies. Nous proposons donc que les cellules gfra1+ et/ou nanos2+ sont des SSCs au sein du testicule de truite. Par ailleurs, nous montrons que l’orthologue truite de gdnf, ligand de gfra1 et régulateur majeur du maintien des SSCs chez la souris, est exprimé très fortement juste avant la fin de cycle spermatogénétique. Cette expression corrélée avec un pic de sécrétion plasmatique de Fsh suggérait une régulation positive de gdnf par cette hormone. Notre étude in vitro n’a pas permis d’aboutir aux mêmes conclusions, mais cette technique ne reflète pas toutes les régulations réciproques ni le rôle des autres facteurs in vivo. En conclusion, nous avons découvert des marqueurs probables de SSCs chez la truite. En particulier, gfra1 et nanos2 qui permettront une analyse plus approfondie de la biologie des SSCs chez les téléostéens. De plus, l’expression de gdnf et de son récepteur dans le testicule, régulée en fonction du stade du cycle spermatogénétique, nous permet d’envisager cette voie comme régulateur du devenir des SSCs chez la truite. / Spermatozoa production throughout life requires the presence of the initial germ cells, the spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Their self-renewal and their ability to differentiate assure to keep a reserve and to produce continuously differentiated germ cell. In mammals, several markers of the SSCs have been identified. Interestingly, some of them allow us to sort the SSCs population and further to analyze their fate in vitro and in vivo. By contrast, only scarce information has been obtained in non-mammalian vertebrates including the teleost fishes. Our model of study, the rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss), presents a seasonal spermatogenesis. The growth of the immature testes, the active spermatogonial proliferation starting at puberty, and their quiescent state at the end of the cycle represent interesting stages to study the regulation on the SSCs fate. Using various testicular stages and purified testicular cell fractions we show that pou2, plzf, nanos2 and 3 and gfra1, all expressed by spermatogonial stem cells in mammals, are specifically expressed in the undifferentiated A spermatogonia population. In particular, gfra1 and nanos2 are expressed in a sub-population of these cells. Thus, we propose that the nanos2+ and/or gfra1+ cells are SSCs. Furthermore, in our study, gdnf, ligand of gfra1 regulating the SSCs fate in mouse, is highly expressed just before the end of the spermatogenetic cycle. Such expression correlates with Fsh peak of secretion. However a stimulation of gdnf expression by Fsh was not observed in our in vitro experiments, but this technique doesn’t represent reciprocal regulations nor the roles of all factors in vivo. To conclude, we discovered potent marker of SSCs in trout. In particular, gfra1 and nanos2 will allow us to investigate further the SSCs biology in teleosts. Moreover, gdnf and its receptor expression in the testis in a spermatogenetic-dependent way lead us to propose this pathway as a potent regulator of the SSCs fate in trout.

Spermatogenesis is a highly orchestrated, strictly regulated cascade of events that could be divided into three major processes: mitotic expansion of diploid germ cells (spermatocytogenesis), meiotic division creating haploid cells, and spermiogenesis. Spermiogenesis, the final stage of spermatogenesis comprises a striking metamorphosis of round haploid spermatids into morphologically and functionally specialized spermatozoa designed for the fertilization. One of the proteins indispensable for proper sperm morphogenesis is centrobin, a structural component of the specialized cytoskeletal structures of the elongating spermatids (acroplaxome and manchette), executing essential role in sperm head shaping and assembly of the head-tail coupling apparatus. Disruption in Cntrob gene (coding for centrobin) in rats homozygous at the hd (hypodactyly) locus results in male infertility, with a striking morphological signature called "decapitated sperm syndrome" with detachment of sperm head from the flagellum due to impaired head-tail coupling. However, molecular function of centrobin in spermiogenesis is still unknown. Sperm decapitation is a distinct phenotype described in several mouse mutants and importantly from infertile human males. Strikingly, in addition to proteins functioning in cytoskeletal...

The primary function of the testis is twofold: 1, it is responsible for production of testosterone and 2, it is responsible for spermatogenesis. Previous studies in alcohol fed mice have shown that chronic alcohol consumption causes reduced sperm counts and testicular lesions. CTRP3 is a novel adipokine which has been shown to promote follicular proliferation and reduce apoptosis in granulosa cells in the ovaries. Both folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis occur via the process of meiosis and therefore have some similarities. Since CTRP3 has been shown to be involved in folliculogenesis it would be reasonable to assume that it will play a role in spermatogenesis. CTRP3 has been shown to have protective properties in some organs in alcohol fed mice. This study was designed to determine if CTRP3 conveyed protective properties to the testicular tissue in chronic alcohol fed mice by comparing testicular morphology across 4 treatment groups: wild-type control mice, wild-type mice on a high alcohol diet, CTRP3 over expressing mice, and CTRP3 over expressing alcohol fed mice. To date this study indicates that alcohol did decrease germ cells due to apoptosis in the wild-type mice. Our study indicates that apoptosis of germ cells increased the intercellular space in seminiferous tubules and separated spermatogenic cells in the wild type mice. The CTRP3 mice do not show as aggressive results, indicating that CTRP3 may be playing a protective role. At this time, only a small number of tissues from the study have been analyzed so these results should be considered to be preliminary.