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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Fotoprotetores bioativos multifuncionais contendo rutina, octil dimetil PABA e avobenzona: caracterização físico-química, funcional e eficácia clínica. / Bioactive sunscreens containing rutin, octyl dimethyl PABA and avobenzone: physicochemical, functional and clinical characterization

Letícia Costa Tomazelli Yoshida 31 October 2017 (has links)
A exposição crônica à radiação solar pode contribuir para o aparecimento do câncer de pele, sendo o uso de fotoprotetores um fator primordial na prevenção desses efeitos deletérios. Atualmente, substâncias bioativas tais como a rutina têm sido foco de interesse da comunidade científica graças às suas propriedades fotoprotetoras e antioxidantes, que podem promover aumento dos valores de FPS, além de conferir características multifuncionais às formulações. Achados in vitro recentes indicam que a rutina, quando incorporada em emulsões fotoprotetoras óleo em água, promove aumento da atividade antioxidante e aumento do FPS. No entanto, a realização de estudos clínicos é fundamental para confirmar e quantificar esses resultados, já que a metodologia in vitro possui baixa repetibilidade e ausência de correlação com ensaios in vivo, principalmente quando as formulações analisadas apresentam substâncias antioxidantes em sua composição. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar pela primeira vez a atividade da rutina frente ao FPS e sua segurança clínica através da comparação de formulações fotoprotetoras contendo rutina 0.1% (w/w), avobenzona 3.0% (w/w) e octil dimetil PABA 8.0% (w/w) com uma preparação similar sem o composto bioativo. Adicionalmente, hidratação cutânea, FPS in vitro e atividade antioxidante da rutina em associação com outros filtros foram investigados. O perfil de segurança das formulações qualificou as fórmulas para os testes de eficácia clínica. O teste de DPPH confirmou a capacidade antioxidante da rutina, demonstrando cerca de 40% de aumento na capacidade de sequestro de radicais livres na presença do composto bioativo. A rutina em combinação com os filtros UV aumentou o FPS clínico de 7.30 ± 0.60 para 12.37 ± 1.13, o que representa cerca de 70% de aumento. Os resultados encontrados provam que a rutina em combinação com outros filtros pode aumentar significativamente o valor do FPS e que a mesma é segura para uso clínico. / Unprotected chronic exposure to solar radiation can contribute to premature skin cancer and sunscreens are a key factor to avoid those detrimental effects. Currently, there is a growing interest in the photoprotector and antioxidant potential of bioactive substances, such as rutin, that could help to increase the SPF value and add multifunctional characteristics to the formulations. Recent in vitro findings indicated that rutin, when incorporated in oil-in-water photoprotective emulsions can provide antioxidant activity and SPF increase. However, clinical studies are fundamental to determine this activity duo to in vitro methodology lack of repeatability and correlation between the in vivo data, especially when the analyzed formulas contain antioxidant substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time to date the rutin in vivo SPF and clinical safety by comparing sunscreens formulations containing rutin 0.1% (w/w), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane 3.0% (w/w) and octyl dimethylPABA 8.0% (w/w) with a similar bioactive-free preparation. Additionally, skin hydration, in vitro SPF and in vitro antioxidant activity of rutin, in association with the UV filters were investigated. The safety profile of the formulations under sun-exposed skin conditions qualified the formulas for clinical efficacy assays. DPPH test confirmed rutin antioxidant properties, demonstrating about 40% increase in radical scavenging potential when the bioactive compound was present. Rutin in combination with the UV filters increased the clinical SPF from 7.30 ± 0.60 to 12.37 ± 1.13, representing about 70% growth in the SPF value. The results obtained proved that rutin in combination with UV filters can improve the SPF value significantly and is safe for clinical use.
12

Síntese e avaliação da segurança in vitro da rutina e do succinato de rutina visando sua incorporação em formulações fotoprotetoras eficazes associados a filtros químicos e físico / Synthesis and in vitro safety evaluation of rutin and rutin succinate aiming their incorporation into effective sunscreens associated with chemical and physical filters

Carla Aparecida Pedriali Moraes 22 March 2012 (has links)
A tendência atual do mercado cosmético é desenvolver produtos que contenham insumos de origem vegetal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a aplicação da Tecnologia da Química Verde na síntese da rutina visando o aumento da estabilidade dessa em formulações cosméticas com sua eficácia antioxidante e fotoprotetora. Realizou-se a síntese química por meio da introdução de grupos carboxilatos às hidroxilas do dissacarídeo na molécula de rutina, gerando como produto final o succinato de rutina. Este derivado e/ou a rutina foram incorporados em 74 formulações-teste e, selecionadas 12 (sistemas emulsionados O/A), após serem submetidas à Avaliação Preliminar de Estabilidade (APE) e ao Teste de Estabilidade Acelerada (TEA), sob variações de temperatura e umidade. Utilizou-se agentes emolientes e silicones para facilitar a solubilização e/ou dispersão dos filtros químicos e físicos. A segunda etapa deste trabalho foi a avaliação da segurança do succinato de rutina, tendo como padrão a rutina, por meio do método alternativo de toxicidade in vitro, o XTT. Após o screening das concentrações ensaiadas, as que apresentaram menor nível de morte celular foram respectivamente, 0,1% ou 1 mg/mL (rutina) e 0,4% ou 4 mg/mL (succinato de rutina). Segundo os resultados do TEA, as formulações contendo succinato de rutina associada ou não aos filtros solares em ambas as bases cosméticas (A - Crodafos®CES + Uniox®C e B - Hostacerin®SAF) foram selecionadas para a continuidade do Teste de Estabilidade Normal (TEN). Neste teste, as emulsões fotoprotetoras foram avaliadas frente aos parâmetros: propriedades organolépticas (aspecto, cor e odor), aspectos físico-químicos (medição de pH e de viscosidade) e funcionais (atividade antirradicalar e eficácia fotoprotetora in vitro). Os resultados apresentados pela formulação MS (succinato de rutina associado aos filtros químicos e físico) foram: homogeneidade, a não modificação de cor e odor em temperatura ambiente, a não alterações significativas de valores de pH, de área de histerese, de atividade antirradicalar e de FPS. Esta estabilidade ocorreu principalmente quando incorporada à base cosmética A num período de 90 dias em 45ºC e 75% de umidade, 5ºC e 25ºC. Concluiu-se que a funcionalidade desta associação MS mostrou-se mais estável, mantendo a eficácia quanto à proteção solar e dentro de suas características reológicas poderia ser a mais bem aceita pelo consumidor. / The current cosmetic market trend is to develop products containing vegetables raw materials. This work proposed to use the Technology of Green Chemical to increase the rutin stability in cosmetic formulas as regards of its antioxidant and photoprotective properties. The chemical synthesis was realized by the introduction of carboxylate groups on sugar moiety of rutin producing in rutin succinate. This derivative and/or rutin were incorporated into 74 test formulas. After the undergoing to preliminary and accelerated stabilities under different temperature and humidity conditions were selected 12 formulas (O/W emulsions). Emollient agents and silicones were used to improve the solubility and/or dispersion of the chemical and physical filters. The second stage of this work was to evaluate the safety of rutin succinate, rutin used as an internal standard, using the alternative method of in vitro toxicity, the XTT. After the screening of tested concentrations, the concentrations of the samples with the lowest level of cell death were 0.1% or 1 mg/mL (rutin) and 0.4% or 4 mg/mL (rutin succinate), respectively. According to results obtained in accelerated stability testing, the formulations containing rutin succinate in combination or not with UV filters in both O/W emulsions (A - Crodafos®CES + Uniox®C and B - Hostacerin®SAF) were selected for the long term stability test. In this test the sunscreens were evaluated in the following parameters: the organoleptic properties (appearance, color and odor), physico-chemical aspects (pH value and viscosity) and functional (antiradicalar activity and in vitro photoprotection efficacy). The results presented by the MS formula (rutin succinate associated with physical filter and chemical filters) were: uniformity, stability of color and odor at room temperature and showed no significant difference, as well stability in: pH and SPF (Sun Protection Factor) values, hysteresis area, antiradicalar activity. These results were observed mainly when it was incorporated to O/W emulsion A (90 days of analyses at 45°C and 75% humidity, 5°C and 25°C). It was observed the functionality of MS association was more stable, maintaining photoprotective efficacy and within their rheological properties could be more accepted by consumers.
13

Self-Organizing Wireless Sensor Networks For Inter-Vehicle Communication

Iqbal, Zeeshan January 2006 (has links)
<p>Now a day, one of the most attractive research topics in the area of Intelligent Traffic Control is </p><p>Inter-vehicle communication (V2V communication). In V2V communication, a vehicle can </p><p>communicate to its neighbouring vehicles even in the absence of a central Base Station. The </p><p>concept of this direct communication is to send vehicle safety messages one-to-one or one-to- </p><p>many vehicles via wireless connection. Such messages are usually short in length and have very </p><p>short lifetime in which they must reach the destination. The Inter-vehicle communication system </p><p>is an ad-hoc network with high mobility and changing number of nodes, where mobile nodes </p><p>dynamically create temporary sensor networks and transferring messages from one network to </p><p>others by using multiple hops due to limitation of short range. </p><p> </p><p>The goal of the project is to investigate some basic research questions in order to organize such </p><p>sensor networks and at the same time highlight the appropriate routing protocol that support </p><p>mobile ad hoc networks in an efficient and reliable manner. </p><p> </p><p>In our investigation, we have answered the technical issues in order to construct a V2V </p><p>communication system. We have also studied some mobile ad hoc network routing protocols in </p><p>detail and then selected the DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) for our V2V communication and </p><p>then simulated it according to our system requirements. We are quite satisfied by the result of </p><p>DSR, but at the same time much more work is required to come up with an absolute application </p><p>for the end user.</p>
14

IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH COLLISION LOCATIONS FOR THE CITY OF REGINA USING GIS AND POST-NETWORK SCREENING ANALYSIS

2013 August 1900 (has links)
In 2010, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) released the first edition of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM). The HSM introduces a six-step safety management process which provides engineers with a systematic and scientific approach to managing road safety. The first step of this process, network screening, aims to identify the locations that will most benefit from a safety improvement program. The output obtained from network screening is simply a list of locations that have a high concentration of collisions, based on their potential for safety improvement. The ranking naturally tends to lead to the assumption that the most highly ranked locations are the obvious target locations where road authorities should allocate their often-limited road safety resources. Though these locations contain the highest frequency of collisions, they are often spatially unrelated, and scattered throughout the roadway network. Allocating safety resources to these locations may not be the most effective method of increasing road safety. The purpose of this research is to investigate and validate a two-step method of post-network screening analysis, which identifies collision hotzones (i.e., groups of neighboring hotspots) on a road network. The first step is the network screening process described in the HSM. The second step is new and involves network-constrained kernel density estimation (KDE), a type of spatial analysis. KDE uses expected collision counts to estimate collision density, and outputs a graphical display that shows areas (referred to here as hotzones) with high collision densities. A particularly interesting area of application is the identification of high-collision corridors that may benefit from a program of systemic safety improvements. The proposed method was tested using five years of collision data (2005-2009) for the City of Regina, Saskatchewan. Three different network screening measures were compared: 1) observed collision counts, 2) observed severity-weighted collision counts, and 3) expected severity-weighted collision counts. The study found that observed severity-weighted collision counts produced a dramatic picture of the City's hotzones, but this picture could be misleading as it could be heavily influenced by a small number of severe collisions. The results obtained from the expected severity-weighted collision counts smoothed the effects of the severity-weighting and successfully reduced regression-to-the-mean bias. A comparison was made between the proposed approach and the results of the HSM’s existing network screening method. As the proposed approach takes the spatial association of roadway segments into account, and is not limited to single roadway segments, the identified hotzones capture a higher number of expected EPDO collisions than the existing HSM methodology. The study concludes that the proposed two-step method can help transportation safety professionals to prioritize hotzones within high-collision corridors more efficiently and scientifically. Jurisdiction-specific safety performance functions (SPFs) were also developed over the course of this research, for both intersections (three-leg unsignalized, four-leg unsignalized, three and four-leg signalized), and roadway segments (major arterials, minor arterials, and collectors). These SPFs were compared to the base SPFs provided in the HSM, as well as calibrated HSM SPFs. To compare the different SPFs and find the best-fitting SPFs for the study region, the study used statistical goodness-of-fit (GOF) tests and cumulative residual (CURE) plots. Based on the results of this research, the jurisdiction-specific SPFs were found to provide the best fit to the data, and would be the best SPFs for predicting collisions at intersections and roadway segments in the City of Regina.
15

Self-Organizing Wireless Sensor Networks For Inter-Vehicle Communication

Iqbal, Zeeshan January 2006 (has links)
Now a day, one of the most attractive research topics in the area of Intelligent Traffic Control is Inter-vehicle communication (V2V communication). In V2V communication, a vehicle can communicate to its neighbouring vehicles even in the absence of a central Base Station. The concept of this direct communication is to send vehicle safety messages one-to-one or one-to- many vehicles via wireless connection. Such messages are usually short in length and have very short lifetime in which they must reach the destination. The Inter-vehicle communication system is an ad-hoc network with high mobility and changing number of nodes, where mobile nodes dynamically create temporary sensor networks and transferring messages from one network to others by using multiple hops due to limitation of short range. The goal of the project is to investigate some basic research questions in order to organize such sensor networks and at the same time highlight the appropriate routing protocol that support mobile ad hoc networks in an efficient and reliable manner. In our investigation, we have answered the technical issues in order to construct a V2V communication system. We have also studied some mobile ad hoc network routing protocols in detail and then selected the DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) for our V2V communication and then simulated it according to our system requirements. We are quite satisfied by the result of DSR, but at the same time much more work is required to come up with an absolute application for the end user.
16

Establishment of zero-water exchange cultivation technology in the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Chang, Chun-ming 13 July 2005 (has links)
White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were cultured in isolated environment using zero-water exchange to investigate optimum cultivation method. Except density experiment, culture density was 100 shrimps/m2 in all other experiments. The results indicated that simple quarantine facility could prevent virus infection of pond shrimps. After 83 days of cultivation, survival rate, final weight, yield and growth rate (90.7%, 16.8 g, 1.52 kg/m2, 1.36 g/week) of zero-water exchange group was not significantly different from those of water exchange group, but FCR was lower (p<0.05) instead. Addition of brown sugar increased final weight and growth rate of shrimp and lowered FCR (18.6 g, 1.60 kg/m2, 1.64 ¡Ó 0.04) (p<0.05), but nitrification was inhibited. Application of two mats per tank gave highest increases in final weight and yield and lowest FCR (p<0.05). Bottom sand increased final weight and yield and lowered FCR (p<0.05), stabilized pH and increased de-nitrification efficiency. Salinity of 25 ppt had highest final weight and yield and lowest FCR (p<0.05). Density of 200 shrimps/m2 had highest final weight and lowest FCR (p<0.05) and yield twice as that of density of 100 shrimps/m2. At the end of cultivation, water quality condition between 37% and 32% protein feed were not significantly different. But, the shrimps of 37% protein feed had higher final weight, lower FCR (p<0.05) and 26% more yield. The above results indicated that the risk of shrimps infected by virus could be prevented using zero-water exchange culture method. As long as solid was held suspending by sufficient agitating, good water quality could be maintained. Hence, zero-water exchange culture could not only decrease electricity of water pump and quantity of water use, but also increase the value of product and incorporation efficiency of feeds.
17

MULTISCALE MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF FAILURE AND STABILITY DURING SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION -- UNDER DIFFERENT LOADING CONDITIONS

Thuramalla, Naveen 01 January 2004 (has links)
Superplastic forming (SPF) is a valuable near net shape fabrication method, used to produce very complex, contoured and monolithic structures that are often lighter, stronger and safer than the assemblies they replace. However, the widespread industrial use of Superplastic (SP) alloys is hindered by a number of issues including low production rate and limited predictive capabilities of stability during deformation and failure. Failure during SPD may result from geometrical macroscopic instabilities and/or microstructural aspects. However, the available failure criteria are either based on geometrical instabilities or microstructural features and do not account for both failure modes. The present study presents a generalized multi-scale stability criterion for SP materials, accounting for both aspects of failure under various loading conditions. A combined model accounting for cavity nucleation and plasticity controlled cavity growth along with a grain growth model and a modified microstructure based constitutive equation for SP materials is incorporated into Harts stability analysis to develop the proposed stability criterion for different loading conditions. Effects of initial grain size, initial levels of cavitation, nucleation strain, strain-rate sensitivity, and grain-growth exponent on the optimum forming curves of different SP alloys are investigated, for different loading conditions.
18

Occupation, prestige, and voluntary work in retirement

Lengfeld, Holger, Ordemann, Jessica 13 October 2014 (has links) (PDF)
The paper examines the extent to which the prestige value of a retiree’s former occupation increases the likelihood that they will make a transition into volunteering after retirement. Following social production function theory, we assume that when a person retires, the prestige value attached to their former occupation fades. The fact that volunteering has the character of a collective good provides the opportunity to gain social prestige to offset the loss of occupational prestige. However, the extent of the incentive to volunteer will be distributed unequally across occupations: the higher the former occupational prestige value, the higher the perceived loss of prestige after retirement. Thus, doing a job with high prestige value increases the incentive to volunteer in retirement. This assumption is tested, using data taken from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) 1992-2013. The sample contains 1,631 workers and 589 retirees, 278 of whom transitioned into volunteering during the observation window. Based on Kaplan-Meier-Failure-Estimates and complementary log-log hazard models, findings show a positive effect of occupational prestige on the transition into volunteering. Thus, the loss of high occupational prestige can be compensated by the social prestige associated with volunteering. Formal volunteering in retirement follows, albeit to a lesser extent, the logic of the occupational social strata.
19

Atividade fotoprotetora in vitro de espécies medicinais da caantiga pernambucana e incorporação em gel dermatológico

ANDRADE, Bruno de Almeida 26 February 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-16T13:33:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertaçao_bruno_almeida_andrade 08-04-15.pdf: 887102 bytes, checksum: d4eb208fba2031874804e661270f91b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-16T13:33:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertaçao_bruno_almeida_andrade 08-04-15.pdf: 887102 bytes, checksum: d4eb208fba2031874804e661270f91b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / FACEPE / A exposição à radiação ultravioleta (UV) pode causar foto envelhecimento, lesões estéticas ou mais perigosas, como os carcinomas e/ou melanomas. Os filtros solares são substâncias capazes de absorver, refletir ou refratar a radiação ultravioleta e assim proteger a pele da exposição direta da luz. Uma tendência atual da indústria cosmética é a exploração racional da biodiversidade brasileira para o desenvolvimento de produtos com componentes de origem natural, especialmente a partir de plantas. Flavonoides, antocianinas e derivados do ácido cinâmico provavelmente são as substâncias presentes nas plantas responsáveis pela absorção na região do UV, devido as suas estruturas químicas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o Fator de Proteção Solar (FPS) in vitro, a capacidade antioxidante e quantificar os teores de fenois totais, taninos, flavonoides e cumarinas, de quinze espécies da Caatinga, utilizadas na medicina popular como antiinflamatórias, incorporando em um gel dermatológico o extrato que apresentasse o melhor FPS. Amostras das espécies vegetais devidamente identificadas foram secas, trituradas e submetidas à extração hidroetanólica (80:20). Análises espectrofotométricas foram realizadas para determinação do FPS, atividade antioxidante e para o doseamento dos metabólitos secundários. O cálculo do FPS, in vitro, foi baseado no método desenvolvido por Mansur. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pela capacidade dos antioxidantes presentes nas amostras captarem o radical livre DPPH. Os teores de fenois totais e residuais, flavonoides e cumarinas foram obtidos pelos métodos de Folin-Ciocalteu, cloreto de alumínio e acetato de chumbo, respectivamente. Os ácidos carboxivinílicos (Carbopóis®) foram a matéria-prima utilizada na preparação de géis. Após a incorporação do extrato bruto, a formulação foi avaliada quanto às propriedades organolépticas, físico-químicas e estabilidade. A espécie Schinopsis brasiliensis (Baraúna) obteve o maior conteúdo de compostos fenólicos. Em relação aos taninos Anacardium occidentale (Caju Roxo) apresentou o melhor resultado. No doseamento de flavonoides e cumarinas as espécies que se destacaram foram Erythrina velutina (Mulungu) e Amburana cearensis (Imburana açú). Quanto à capacidade de captura do radical livre DPPH, a espécie que mostrou melhor atividade foi Myracrodruon urundeuva (Aroeira) com uma concentração eficiente de 10,39 μg/mL, sendo melhor que a concentração apresentada pelo ácido ascórbico. Em relação ao FPS, a espécie que obteve melhor resultado foi Erythrina velutina (Mulungu) com um valor de 9,708 ± 1,29 na concentração de 100 mg/L, sendo a espécie selecionada para incorporação no gel. Na avaliação de estabilidade preliminar, não houve alteração nos parâmetros avaliados porém, após 30 dias, observou-se alterações na cor e odor da formulação quando submetida a temperatura elevada. Este estudo apresentou informações sobre plantas da Caatinga e sua utilização em preparações farmacêuticas fotoprotetoras, sendo necessário a realização de estudos futuros visando a melhoria do processo de extração e desenvolvimento farmacotécnico das formulações com esta finalidade. / Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) can cause photoaging, esthetic lesions or more hazardous as carcinomas and/or melanomas. Sunscreens are substances that can absorb, reflect or refract ultraviolet radiation and thus protect the skin from direct light exposure. A current trend in the cosmetic industry is the rational exploitation of Brazilian biodiversity for the development of products with components of natural origin, especially from plants. Flavonoids, anthocyanins and cinnamic acid derivatives are probably the substances in plants responsible for absorption in the UV region due to their chemical structures. This study aimed to determine the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) in vitro, antioxidant activity and quantify the total phenolic, tannins, flavonoids and coumarins content, the fifteen species of Caatinga, used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, incorporating in a dermatological gel extract to produce the best SPF. Samples of appropriately identified plant species were dried, crushed and subjected to extraction hydroethanol (80:20). Spectrophotometric analyzes were performed to determine the SPF, antioxidant activity and secondary metabolites. The SPF in vitro was based on the method developed by Mansur. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ability of antioxidants present in the samples capture the free radical DPPH. The total phenolic and residual, flavonoids and coumarins content were obtained by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminum chloride and lead acetate, respectively. The carbomers (Carbopóis®) the raw materials were used in preparing gels. After the merger of the crude extract, the formulation was evaluated over the organoleptic properties, physicochemical and stability. The Schinopsis brasiliensis species (Baraúna) had the highest content of phenolic compounds. In relation to tannins Anacardium occidentale (Caju Roxo) showed the best results. When dosing flavonoids and coumarins species that stood out were Erythrina velutina (Mulungu) and Amburana cearensis (Imburana Açú). Regarding free radical capture capability DPPH, the species that showed highest activity was Myracrodruon urundeuva (Aroeira) with an effective concentration of 10.39 mg/mL, better than the concentration shown by ascorbic acid. Regarding the SPF, the species that best results were obtained Erythrina velutina (Mulungu) with a value of 9.708 ± 1.29 at the concentration of 100 mg/L, and the species selected for incorporation into the gel. In the evaluation of preliminary stability, there was no change in the evaluated parameters however, after 30th day, there was a change in the color and odor of the formulation when subjected to high temperature. This study has information about plants Caatinga and its use in photoprotective pharmaceutical preparations, being necessary to conduct future studies aimed at improving the extraction process and pharmaceutics development of formulations for this purpose.
20

Avaliação do potencial fotoprotetor do extrato hidroalcoólico de Lafoensia pacari A. St-Hill (Lytraceae) e obtenção de uma formulação fitocosmética / Potential evaluation sunscreen hydroalcoholic extract Lafoensia pacari A. St-Hill (Lytraceae) and obtaining a phytocosmetic formulation

Caixeta, Eliane de Vasconcelos 08 December 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-04-20T14:37:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Eliane de Vasconcelos Caixêta - 2014.pdf: 1107940 bytes, checksum: 3871b55b02d7ef507dcc48a1f7807012 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-04-20T14:39:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Eliane de Vasconcelos Caixêta - 2014.pdf: 1107940 bytes, checksum: 3871b55b02d7ef507dcc48a1f7807012 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-20T14:39:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Eliane de Vasconcelos Caixêta - 2014.pdf: 1107940 bytes, checksum: 3871b55b02d7ef507dcc48a1f7807012 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-08 / In Brazil, the number of cases of skin cancer has increased, representing a significant public health problem. Various cosmetic products have been developed with sunscreens and from marketing’s point of view the addition of natural products in particular containing phenolic compounds, has been the subject of several studies. The aim of this study was to determine the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of hydroalcoholic Lafoensia pacari extract and assess its potential for additive in SPF in a sunscreen formulation containing the chemical filter metoxycinamate octyl. First it was obtained hydroalcoholic L. pacari extract and the monitoring of extraction process by CCD. The SPF from L. pacari extract, from the chemical filter metoxycinamate octyl (eusolex 2292®) and both formulations were determined using the technique of Mansur and colleagues with adaptations, such as diffuse reflectance.The chromatographic profile of the extract or formulation were investigated by CLAE as well as dosing of total phenols and flavonoids. In addition, tests for antioxidant activity of the extract by DPPH and FRAP methods were carried out. Lastly, it was performed the accelerated stability on a 90-day cycle formulation at three different temperature conditions. Regarding the chromatographic profile by CCD it was detected seven stains in the four extraction conditions employed, being eluted identically and after revealed by NP, they were indicative of polyphenols and flavonoids. It was selected the extraction by bath of 30 min ultrasound. The formulation containing eusolex 2292® and extract achieved a 7.3 indicating activation and photoprotection. Using a reflectance technique, the achieved results were from 9.7 to 11.11, confirming the additive by a more sensitive technique. The chromatographic profiles, by CLAE, the extract or formulation showed peaks with retention times and identical UV absorption spectrum, thereby confirming the presence of the extract in the final formulation. Dosing of total phenols resulted in 3.31% and total flavonoids 0.31%. Antioxidant activity by DPPH assay showed EC50 = 53,73 mg/L and FRAP results showed that 1 g of Pacari extract showed reduction capability of 323.62 μM of ferrous sulfate. The preliminary stability test showed that there was a formulation stability in the FPS and viscosity after freeze - defrost cycle.It was found that the extract obtained from the leaves of L. pacari has absorbance in UVC, UVB and UV. This extract was able to aditivar FPS formulation developed in this work, containing eusolex 2292® chemical filter and showed antioxidant activity . / No Brasil, o número de casos de câncer de pele tem aumentado, representando um considerável problema de saúde pública. Diversos produtos cosméticos têm sido desenvolvidos com filtros solares e sob ponto de vista mercadológico a adição de produtos naturais, em particular contendo compostos fenólicos, tem sido alvo de vários estudos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar o Fator de Proteção Solar (FPS) do extrato hidroalcoólico de Lafoensia pacari e avaliar o seu potencial de aditivação do FPS em uma formulação fotoprotetora contendo o filtro químico metoxicinamato de octila. Primeiramente procedeu-se a obtenção do extrato hidroalcoólico de L. pacari e monitorização do processo extrativo por CCD. O FPS do extrato de pacari, do filtro quimíco metoxicinamato de octila (eusolex 2292®) e das formulações foram determinados tanto através da técnica de Mansur e colaboradores com adaptações, como por reflectância difusa. O perfil cromatográfico do extrato e da formulação foram investigados por CLAE, bem como o doseamento de fenóis totais e flavonóides totais. Além disso, foram realizados ensaios para atividade antioxidante do extrato pelos métodos de DPPH e FRAP. Por fim, foi realizada a estabilidade acelerada em ciclo de 90 dias da formulação em três condições de temperatura diferentes. Em relação ao perfil cromatográfico por CCD foram detectadas oito manchas, nas quatro condições de extração empregadas, sendo eluídas de maneira idêntica e após reveladas por NP, as quais foram indicativas de polifenois e flavonoides. Selecionou-se a extração por banho de ultrassom 30 min. O FPS alcançado para a formulação contendo somente o eusolex 2292® foi 5,37. A formulação contendo eusolex 2292® e extrato apresentou FPS de 7,3, o que indica a aditivação na fotoproteção. Empregando a técnica de reflectância os resultados alcançados foram de 9,7 para 11,11, o que confirma a aditivação por uma técnica mais sensível. Os perfis cromatográficos, por CLAE, do extrato e da formulação apresentaram picos com tempos de retenção e espectro de absorção no UV idênticos, confirmando assim a presença do extrato na formulação final. O doseamento de fenóis totais resultou em 3,31% e de flavonóides totais 0,31%. A atividade antioxidante pelo método de DPPH apresentou EC50 = 53,73 μg / mL e para FRAP o resultado mostrou que 1 g do extrato de pacari apresentou capacidade de redução de 323,62 μM de sulfato ferroso. O teste de estabilidade preliminar mostrou que houve uma estabilidade da formulação no FPS e na viscosidade após ciclo gela-degela. Verificou-se que o extrato obtido das folhas de pacari possui absorbância na região UVC, UVB e UVA. Este extrato foi capaz de aditivar o FPS da formulação desenvolvida neste trabalho, contendo filtro químico eusolex 2292® e apresentou atividade antioxidante.

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