Orientador: Luiz Sérgio Amarante Simões / Banca: Cláudio de Morrisson Valeriano / Banca: Norberto Moraes / Anexo 4 mapas / Resumo: O limite norte da Nappe de Passos, sudoeste de Minas Gerais, é marcado por um sistema de rampa lateral denominado de Rampa Lateral de Capitólio. Essa rampa põe em contato os denominados Domínios Interno (DI) e Externo (DE) da Faixa Brasília Meridional. Através do estudo detalhado das estruturas presentes nessa situação, é proposto um modelo para evolução dessa rampa, explicando como a estruturação vertical que marca o DE, transiciona para a estruturação subhorizontal encontrada no DI, ambas com direção NW-SE. O contato entre esses domínios é balizado por um cavalgamento tardio (D3) que oblitera os registros iniciais do desenvolvimento da rampa lateral, caracterizada por um plano íngreme (D2). A parte oculta dessa história envolveu modelos complexos de deformação, em que, através da rotação do eixo de vorticidade transicionamos de uma Zona de Cisalhamento Monoclínica do tipo Y vertical para uma horizontal, respectivamente na posição de rampa e patamar da nappe. Os resultados obtidos através da análise da deformação mostram que a intensidade de deformação relacionada à fase D2 aumenta em direção ao contato DE/DI. A baixa intensidade da deformação D2 no DI, próximo ao contato com DE confirma o caráter tardio (D3) deste empurrão, que posiciona as rochas do DI encobrindo a rampa lateral original da Nappe de Passos. / Abstract: The northern edge of Passos Nappe, southwest of Minas Gerais state, is marked by a lateral ramp system called Capitólio Lateral Ramp. This ramp is the contact of the Internal (DI) and External (DE) domains of the Southeastern segment of the Brasilia Fold Belt. A detailed study of these structures permits to consider a model for the evolution of this ramp, as the vertical structures, which marks DE, changing to sub-horizontal structures verified in DI, both with direction NW-SE. The contact between these domains is distinguished by a later thrust (D3) which obliterates the initial registers of the development of the lateral ramp, a steep plane (D2). The covered portion of this history involved complex deformation models, where by rotation of the vorticity axis is possible to see a transition of a vertical to horizontal Y-Moniclinic Shear Zone, respectively in the ramp and flat of the nappe. The strain analyses show that the intensity of D2 related strain increase in direction to the contact DE/DI. The low D2 strain of the DI near the DE contact confirms the later character of the D3 thrust, that overprint the original lateral ramp of Passos Nappe. / Mestre

O mapeamento sistemático da folha Campina Grande (1:100.000) apresenta grande importância no entendimento das relações estruturais e geocronológicas dos terrenos que constituem a Zona Transversal da Província Borborema (porção nordeste da Plataforma Sul Americana). Sendo que a área abrangida pelo mapeamento sistemático realizado apresentou-se como um excelente laboratório para aplicação de técnicas clássicas e modernas na área de geologia estrutural. Neste trabalho, buscou-se o desenvolvimento e adequação das técnicas de análise de orientação preferencial de forma (OPF) na caracterização principalmente de tramas minerais em rocha granítica. Também foram utilizadas técnicas e métodos referentes a análise de suscetibilidade magnética (ASM), tramas de eixo de quartzo e a utilização de mapeamento isotópico de Nd. O mapeamento sistemático, juntamente com a análise estrutural e cinemática caracterizou na área de estudo uma série de zonas de cisalhamento verticais de direção NW destrais e de direção NE sinistrais que formam um sistema conjugado situado no segmento oriental do Lineamento Patos (Província Borborema), a qual é aqui denominado \"Sistema de Cisalhamento Campina Grande\". As zonas de cisalhamento que compõem o \"Sistema de Cisalhamento de Campina Grande\" apresentam forte influência na colocação dos plútons graníticos da Zona Transversal. Os estudos de anisotropia de suscetibilidade magnética (ASM) e análise de orientação preferencial de forma em tramas minerais (OPF) ressaltam a influências destas zonas no alojamento dos corpos graníticos regionais, principalmente nos Plútons de Campina Grande e Serra Redonda. O estudo da trama de eixos-c de quartzo nos milonitos do \"Sistema de Cisalhamento de Campina Grande\" nas faixas quartzozas confinadas na foliação milonítica é consistente com diferentes critérios cinemáticos verificados em meso- e macroescala. As tramas podem ser descritas por guirlandas simples ou cruzadas relacionadas a ativações combinada dos sistemas de deslizamento basal e romboédrico sob temperatura baixa a moderada (300 a 600º C). As microestruturas são típicas de deformação dúctil do quartzo associado recristalização dinâmica, enquanto no K-feldspato predomina o microfraturamento. O sistema transcorrente conjugado é resultante de esforços compressivos de direção NNW-SSE, que também são responsáveis pelo cavalgamento do embasamento Paleoproterozóico sobre o plúton granítico Brasiliano da Serra Redonda. A progressão e localização da deformação mantiveram a cinemática regional consistente até os estágios tardios da deformação finita registrada em ultramilonitos. O \"Sistema de Cisalhamento de Campina Grande\" apresenta seu período principal de evolução situado no intervalo de 590 a 570 Ma que é associado a intenso magmatismo granítico. E representa o produto da interação dos segmentos crustais da Zona Transversal possivelmente associado a eventos transpressivos. Os segmentos crustais que compõem a Zona Transversal apresentam assinaturas isotópicas distintas de Sm-Nd (relacionada aqui como Grupo I e II). O primeiro padrão reconhecido (Grupo I) é caracterizado em gnaisses de origem supracrustal e ortognaisses graníticos pertencentes ao Terreno Alto Pajeú (TAP) que exibem assinatura isotópica com idades TDM 2,0 a 1.0 Ga e ?Nd(0) com valores no geral menores que - 20,0 e razões Sm147/Nd144 maiores que 0,12. O outro padrão isotópico (Grupo II) apresenta uma assinatura com idades TDM paleoproterozóicas a arqueanas (2,0 a 3,0 Ga), ?Nd(0) com valores entre -20,0 e -35,0 , razões Sm147/Nd144 concentrada no intervalo de 0,08 e 0,12 e é associado as rochas do Terreno Alto Moxotó (supracrustais e ortognaisses diversos). Os valores de ?Nd(950) no TAP apresentam uma variação entre -4,19 a +0,03, o que sugere uma considerável contribuição de materiais/fontes juvenis na formação das rochas deste terreno. Já no TAM os valores de ?Nd(2000) para o TAM variam de -11,28 a +1,73. Os valores positivos de ?Nd(2000) também sugerem a contribuição de materiais/fontes juvenis na formação das rochas deste terreno. Já os valores negativos sugerem retrabalhamento de fontes crustais arqueanas. As assinaturas isotópicas dos dois eventos acrescionais de crostas são observadas nas intrusões graníticas da Zona Transversal, o que indica as contribuições dos Terrenos Alto Moxotó e Alto Pajeú como fonte crustais para o magmatismo regional. Os granitos também apresentam forte relação com fontes associadas à fusão de crosta continental. As idades U/Pb delimitam três principais períodos de magmatismo (cristalização de rocha) nos períodos de 2100 Ma, 950 Ma e 560 Ma na Zona Transversal na área de estudo. Os dois primeiros períodos são associados aos eventos de acresção e geração de crosta no Paleoproterozóico e no Eoneoproterozóico. E o ultimo associado ao magmatismo brasiliano das intrusões graníticas. Estes eventos também são registrados pelos dados isotópicos Rb-Sr, que se alinham às retas de regressão de referência de 2100 Ma, 950 Ma e 560 Ma. Os dados Rb-Sr refletem a homogeneização isotópica nestes períodos, ou por eventos magmáticos ou por metamorfismo. / The systematic mapping of Campina Grande sheet (1:100.000) is very important to understand the structural and geochronological relations between different terranes of the Transversal Zone, Borborema Province (NE Brazil). The mapped area is an excellent natural laboratory to apply classical and modern techniques of structural geology for the study of mechanisms of generation and evolution of ductile shear zones. This work aimed the evaluation, adaptation and validation of techniques for shape preferred orientation analysis to characterize granitic and metamorphic rock fabrics. Additionally, we used a multi-method approach, with the application of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis, quartz c-axis fabrics and Nd isotopic mapping integrated with conventional geologic studies. A network of transcurrent shear zones formed by NW-trending dextral and NE-trending sinistral zones was recognized by systematic mapping, structural and kinematic analysis. These shear zones form a conjugated system located in the oriental segment of the Patos Lineament (Borborema Province), here denominated as the Campina Grande Shear System. The Campina Grande Shear System strongly influenced the emplacement of granitic plutons in the Transversal Zone. This fact is emphasized by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis and shape preferred orientation fabrics, mainly for the Campina Grande and Serra Redonda plutons. C-axis fabrics in quartz-mylonites of Campina Grande Shear System show single and cross guirdle patterns consistent with kinematic criteria recorded in meso- and regional macroscale. They are related to the activation of mainly basal and rhomboedric slip systems in a low to moderate temperature (300 a 600º C). Microstructures in quartz indicate the deformation mechanisms include crystal plastic and recrystallization processes, but ductilebrittle strains in feldspar. The conjugate shear zone system agrees with a bulk NNW-SSE trending shortening direction. It was also responsible for the thrusting of the Paleoproterozoic basement to over younger rocks of the \"Alto PajeúTerrane\". The principal phase of the Campina Grande Shear System evolution occurred between 590 and 570 Ma, concomitant with intense granitic magmatism, and represents the product of the interaction of the Transversal Zone segments, possibly associated with transpressive events. The Transversal Zone crustal segments display two main distinct patterns of Sm-Nd isotopic signatures (groups I and II). The group I, characteristic of paragneisses and granitic orthogneisses from the Alto Pageú Terrane (APT), exhibits Nd model ages (TDM) between 1,0 and 2,0 Ma, ?Nd(0) values generally lower than -20,0, and Sm147/Nd144 ratio higher than 0,12. The group II, related to supracrustal rocks and orthogneisses from the Alto Moxotó Terrane (AMT), shows Paleoproterozoic to Archean Nd model ages (2,0 a 3,0 Ga), ?Nd(0) values between -20,0 and -35,0, and Sm147/Nd144 ratio from 0,08 to 0,12. The ?Nd(950) values from the APT vary between -4,19 and +0,03, suggesting important contribution of juvenile material and sources in the rock formation in this terrane. The ?Nd(2000) values from the AMT vary from - 11,28 to +1,73, reflecting reworking of Archean crustal sources and contribution of juvenile material in the rock formation. The isotopic signatures of the two crustal accretionary events (ca. 2000 and 950 Ma) are observed in granitic plutons of the Transversal Zone, indicating that the Alto Moxotó and Alto Pageú terranes contributed as crustal sources for the regional magmatism. The granitic plutons also show strong relation with sources associated to melting of the continental crust. U-Pb age data delimit three principal magmatic events in the Transversal Zone in the study area (ca. 2100 Ma, 950 Ma and 560 Ma). The two former events are associated to crustal accretion and generation, and the last event related to Brasiliano granitic magmatism. Rb-Sr isotopic dates also registered these events, reflecting isotopic homogenization during magmatic and/or metamorphic events.

The Oseberg ship is known as one of the finest surviving artifacts from the Viking age, with origins dated back to the 800s. The ship has been displayed in the Viking ship museum in Oslo since 1926. The nearly 100 years on museum display along with the over 1000 years it was buried has weakened the structure of the ship. To slow down the deterioration, several research projects has been initiated, among them the project ''Saving Oseberg''. A part of ''Saving Oseberg'' is contributing to the planning of a new museum for the ship. As a basis for the planning, the ship has been monitored with photogrammetry. This is intended as a way to visualise the deformation and displacements of the ship due to seasonal changes in indoor temperature and humidity. In this thesis the photogrammetry data from the hull of the ship was used to make a finite element model, and through this model calculate the average strain on each element. The method was based on a previous research project conducted on the Swedish warship Vasa by a research group at the Division of Applied Mechanics at Uppsala University. The measurements of the ship was formed into a hull by Delaunay triangulation. The strain was approximated as a Green strain and evaluated using isoparametric mapping of the elements. Through the nodal displacements, the strain was evaluated by approximating the elements as tetrahedrons and calculating the average strain from these elements between the measurements. The result showed an oscillating behavior of the displacements, proving the proposal of seasonal depending displacements. The measured principal strains also matched to the corresponding relative humidity fluctuation during the year. The strain magnitude was relatively even throughout the ship, mostly varying between ±0.4% but certain areas were more subjected than others. A few elements on the starboard side showed very large strains through most of the measurements, this seemed very unusual and was probably the result of inaccuracies or errors in the data. Though the ship is subjected to relative small strains and permanent displacements after annual cycles, the mechano-sorptive strains may lead to accumulated deformation and eventually failure in the weak parts of the wood or at the high stress concentraion parts. In addition, the cyclic strain even in elastic range may cause fatigue failure in any material which could pose a large threat for the future conservation of the ship.

This Master’s thesis deals with strain-stress analysis of a spine segment with an introduced fixator and a spine in natural physiological state. The work starts with a research study of literature sources that focus on similar issues. Furthermore, basic anatomy terminology and basic procedures for human spine stabilization were described. The formulated issue was resolved by computational modelling with the use of the finite element method. This solution requires a suitable computational model to be produced. This model consists of partial geometry, material, bond, and loading models. The geometric model was produced on the basis of CT scan images of a 60-year-old man which were used for producing five spine vertebrae T11–L3. Moreover, the geometric model consists of four intervertebral discs and eight articular cartilages. The material model includes homogeneous, heterogeneous and degraded properties of bone tissue. The strain-stress analysis was performed for seven loading states, which concern basic movements of human spine – standing, bending forward, bending backwards, bending left, bending right, left rotation and right rotation, with the use of ANSYS software. The assessed and analysed quantities include spine segment displacement, contact pressure of articular cartilages and stress on the fixator.

In a family house not far from Brno, there is an entryway hole for getting into the space under the floor. The hole is covered by a high weight concrete hatch. For easier manipulation with the hatch an opening mechanism was designed and manufactured. This mechanism had been installed under the hatch and nowadays it works well. This master’s thesis deals with description of main components of the mechanism and their function. Load analysis and stress-strain analysis are the major part of this thesis. At the end of this work the analysis results are commented and some suggestions for further research are proposed.

This master´s thesis is focused on biomechanical study of wrist. There is a literature search on this theme in the beginning of this work. The thesis is described in detail anatomy of bones in the wrist. Subsequent the stress-strain analysis of physiological wrist is implemented in a neutral position. The model of geometry of wrist is created on base of CT data. To create calculation model and the solution is implemented in the computer system ANSYS Workbench.

A substantial fraction of the automotive assembly comprises formed sheet metal parts. To reduce vehicle weight and improve fuel economy, total sheet metal mass should be minimized without compromising the structural integrity of the vehicle. Excessive deformation contributes to tearing or buckling of the metal, and therefore a forming limit is investigated experimentally to determine the extent to which each particular material can be safely strained. To assess sheet metal formability, this thesis proposes a novel framework for sheet metal surface strain measurement using a scalable dot-grid pattern. Aluminum sheet metal samples are marked with a regular grid of dot-features and imaged with a close-range monocular vision system. After forming, the sheet metal samples are imaged once again to examine the deformation of the surface pattern, and thereby resolve the material strain. Grid-features are localized with sub-pixel accuracy, and then topologically mapped using a novel algorithm for deformation-invariant grid registration. Experimental results collected from a laboratory setup demonstrate consistent robustness under practical imaging conditions. Accuracy, repeatability, and timing statistics are reported for several state-of-the-art feature detectors. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

No description available.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第23456号 / 理博第4750号 / 新制||理||1681(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 / (主査)教授 山路 敦, 准教授 佐藤 活志, 教授 生形 貴男 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Understanding the mechanical properties of peripheral nerves is essential for chronically implanted device design. The work in this thesis aimed to understand the relationship between local deformation responses to global strain changes in peripheral nerves. A custom-built mechanical testing rig and sample holder enabled an improved cyclical uniaxial tensile testing environment on rabbit sciatic nerves (N=5). A speckle was placed on the surface of the nerve and recorded with a microscope camera to track local deformations. The development of a semi-automated digital image processing algorithm systematically measured local speckle dimension and nerve diameter changes. Combined with the measured force response, local and global strain values constructed a stress-strain relationship and corresponding elastic modulus. Preliminary exploration of models such as Fung and 2-Term Mooney-Rivlin confirmed the hyperelastic nature of the nerve. The results of strain analysis show that, on average, local strain levels were approximately five times smaller than globally measured strains; however, the relationship was dependent on global strain magnitude. Elastic modulus values corresponding to ~9% global strains were 2.070 ± 1.020 MPa globally and 10.15 ± 4 MPa locally. Elastic modulus values corresponding to ~6% global strains were 0.173 ± 0.091 MPa globally and 1.030 ± 0.532 MPa locally.