Es werden verschiedene Aspekte interner magnetischer Hintergrundfelder in Theorien offener Strings diskutiert. Phaenomenologisch und konzeptionell interessante Eigenschaften solcher Vakua, die Brechung von Supersymmetrie, Eichsymmetrie und chiraler Symmetrie, werden auf ganz generische Weise behandelt. Dann wird eine Spezialisierung auf Typ I Modelle, kompaktifiziert auf Tori und Bahnfaltigkeiten, durchgefuehrt. Daraus wird eine Methode gewonnen zur Konstruktion von Typ I Vakua mit attraktiven effektiven Feldtheorien als Niederenergienaeherungen, sowohl supersymmetrische wie nicht supersymmetrische Modelle mit chiralen Fermionspektren und Eichgruppen aehnlich dem Standardmodell oder einer vereinheitlichenden Verallgemeinerung desselben. Die am weitesten entwickelten Beispiele kombinieren magnetische Felder mit NSNS B-Feldern auf Bahnfaltigkeiten. Zuletzt wird noch eine verwandte Klasse von Modellen besprochen, die zwar eher weniger vielversprechende phaenomenologische Perspektiven bietet, aber einige konzeptionelle Spezialitaeten aufweist. In diesen Kompaktifizierungen werden asymmetrische Rotationen geeicht, so dass D-branen mit unterschiedlichen Werten fuer die magnetischen Felder auf ihrem Weltvolumen identifiziert werden, womit die Unterscheidung von kommutativen und nicht kommutativen Geometrien verlorengeht. / We discuss various aspects of internal magnetic background fields in open string theories. Phenomenologically and conceptually interesting properties of such string theory backgrounds, supersymmetry and gauge symmetry breaking, chiral fermion spectra and noncommutativity of the internal compactification manifolds, are treated in a rather generic framework. We then specialize to type I compactifications on tori and toroidal orbifolds with magnetic fields on the internal space. This allows to develop a strategy for constructing type I vacua with attractive low energy field theories which may either be supersymmetric or not and contain chiral spectra and gauge groups close to the Standard Model or some grand unified generalization thereof. The most sophisticated version uses magnetic fields and NSNS B-fields on orbifold spaces giving rise to a plethora of promising examples for semi-realistic string compactifications. We finally also present a related class of asymmetric orbifolds of type I which are of little phenomenological interest but still display certain interesting features. The asymmetric rotations which are gauged in these models identify D-branes with different values for the magnetic field on their world volume, such that the distinction of commutative and noncommutative internal geometries is lost.

雨(Rain) : for SATB choir and piano -- String quartet no. 1 -- The Ferris wheel fantasia : for double-winds orchestra. / Yu (Rain) : for SATB choir and piano -- String quartet no. 1 -- The Ferris wheel fantasia : for double-winds orchestra. / Kwan Lai-yan Livia. / Thesis (M.Mus.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1. --- 雨(Rain ) --- p.1 / For SATB Choir and Piano / Chapter 2. --- String Quartet No.l --- p.23 / Chapter 3. --- The Ferris Wheel Fantasia --- p.41 / For double-winds Orchestra

<p>Danas je gotovo nepoznat podatak da na katedrama za gudačke instrumente na akademijama umetnosti u regionu od ukupnog broja diplomiranih kadrova većinu čine žene. Otuda je vredna istraživačke pažnje analiza procesa obrazovanja i profesionalnog delovanja u njihovim sredinama tog značajnog broja muzički visoko obrazovanih žena. Upoređivanjem podataka iz tri akademske sredine jugoslovenskog prostora dolazimo do značajnih zaključaka za istoriju ženskog muzičkog nasleđa u regionu na ovom prostoru i za metodiku rada sa budućim kadrovima.<br />Cilj istraživanja je prikupljanje, selekcija i interpretacija podataka o životu diplomiranih izvođačica na gudačkim instrumentima u Novom Sadu, Banjaluci i Zagrebu od osnivanja akademskih institucija do danas, kako bi se skrenula pažnja na pitanje konstruisanja identiteta izvođačica tokom i nakon visokog muzičkog obrazovanja.<br />Hipoteza 1 je da značajan broj diplomiranih izvođačica na gudačkim instrumentima doprinosi promeni svesti o važnosti rodnog identiteta u muzičkoj umetnosti u regionu.<br />Hipoteza 2 je da povećan broj diplomiranih izvođačica na gudačkim instrumentima ne doprinosi promeni svesti o važnosti rodnog identiteta u muzičkoj umetnosti u regionu.<br />Hipoteza 3 je da je profesionalni identitet diplomiranih izvođačica na gudačkim instrumentima nadređen svim drugim komponentama identiteta, uključujući i rodni.<br />Korpus obuhvata diplomirane muzičarke gudačkih instrumenata sa Akademije umetnosti u Novom Sadu (20), u Zagrebu (4)i u Banjaluci (8).<br />Analiza 13 komponenata identiteta (detinjstvo, &scaron;kolovanje, devedesete godine 20. veka, brak, deca, maternji jezik, zatim nacionalni, verski, profesionalni identiteti, zdravlje, članstvo u strukovnim udruženjima i političkim strankama, hobi).<br />Rezultati pokazuju da je prva hipoteza samo delimično tačna, te da je treća hipoteza tačna za ukupan uzorak: sve muzičarke prednost daju profesionalnom identitetu od ranog detinjstva. Empirijski podaci ne potvrđuju stereotip da profesija muzičarke i braka, porodice i dece ne idu zajedno.<br />Rezultati istraživanja su važni koliko za novo sačinjavanje istorije muzike i žena u toj oblasti toliko i za rodne studije, koje se staraju za afirmaciju žena u različitim profesijama u dana&scaron;njem vremenu. Posebno rezultati treba da obogate nastavnu i metodičku praksu u domenu muzike na svim nivoima obrazovanja kod nas. Podaci iz ovog rada bi mogli (zapravo, morali) da postanu deo udžbeničke literature. Na ovo se nadovezuju i podaci do kojih je do&scaron;lo ovo istraživanje, a koji svedoče o tome da je u svetu i u regionu jugoslovenskog prostora značajan broj žena doprinosio i jo&scaron; uvek, možda i vi&scaron;e nego ikada ranije, doprinosi razvoju muzike i muzičke kulture.</p> / <p>Today is almost unknown the fact that on the string department at the academies of arts in our region most of the graduated students are women. The analysis of this process is worth the research attention of education and professional activities of this, relatively significant number of graduated women string instrumentalists. By comparing data from three cultural backgrounds of ex-Yugoslav territory we come to significant conclusions for the history of women&#39;s musical heritage in the region in this area and the methodology of work with future personnel.<br />The aim of the research is the collection, selection and interpretation of data about the life of graduated women performers on stringed instruments in Novi Sad, Banja Luka and Zagreb since the establishment of these academic institutions to present day, in order to draw attention to the issue of constructing identity of women performers during and after the higher music education.<br />Hypothesis 1 is that a significant number of female music performance graduates on string instruments contributes to improving the awareness of the importance of gender identity in the music art in the region.<br />Hypothesis 2 is that the increased number of female music performance graduates on string instruments does not contribute to improving the awareness of the importance of gender identity in the music art in the region.<br />Hypothesis 3 that professional identity of the female music performance graduates on string instruments is superior to all other components of identity, including gender.<br />The corpus includes female music performance graduates on string instruments from the Academy of Arts in Novi Sad (20), Zagreb (4) and Banja Luka (8).<br />Analysis of the 13 components of identity (childhood, education, nineties of the 20th century, marriage, children, mother tongue, then national, religious, professional identities, health, membership in professional associations and political parties, hobbies).<br />The results show that the first hypothesis is only partly true, and that the third hypothesis is true for the total sample: all the female musicians prefer the professional identity from early childhood. Empirical data do not confirm the stereotype that the profession of a female musician exclude marriage, family and children.<br />The research results are as important as the new drafting history of music and women in this area so much and for gender studies, which are undertaken for the advancement of women in various professions in modern times. In particular, the results would enrich teaching and methodical practice in the field of music education at all levels in our country. Data from this study could (indeed, must) become a part of textbooks. In addition the data that occurred in this research testify to the fact that in the world and in the region Yugoslav territory a significant number of women contributed, and still, perhaps more than ever, contributes to the development of music and musical culture.</p>

<p>String theory has proved to be a valuable theoretical laboratory for probing gravity and gauge theory in a unified framework. In this thesis some of the exciting spin-offs of string theory such as branes and higher spin are studied. After a review of the basics of string theory the four papers of the thesis are discussed. In the first paper we support the equivalence between two descriptions of non-commutative open strings by calculating scattering amplitudes in both approaches. The second paper gives a physical interpretation of the fact that Ramond-Ramond charge in string theory on SU(2) is only defined modulo an integer. In the third paper we calculate contributions to the stress-energy tensor of higher-spin theory in four dimensional AdS space, and in the last paper of the thesis we compare the free energy of the two dimesional type 0A extremal blackhole and find agreement with the corresponding quantity in a deformed matrix model.</p>

String theory has proved to be a valuable theoretical laboratory for probing gravity and gauge theory in a unified framework. In this thesis some of the exciting spin-offs of string theory such as branes and higher spin are studied. After a review of the basics of string theory the four papers of the thesis are discussed. In the first paper we support the equivalence between two descriptions of non-commutative open strings by calculating scattering amplitudes in both approaches. The second paper gives a physical interpretation of the fact that Ramond-Ramond charge in string theory on SU(2) is only defined modulo an integer. In the third paper we calculate contributions to the stress-energy tensor of higher-spin theory in four dimensional AdS space, and in the last paper of the thesis we compare the free energy of the two dimesional type 0A extremal blackhole and find agreement with the corresponding quantity in a deformed matrix model.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Two sets of recordings included, each in its own container. The first work is for string quartet; the second for bangdi, soprano sheng, yangqin, pipa, guzheng, erhu, gehu and percussion; the third for harmonica quintet, sheng, harp, piano and percussion. "Symphonic poem-Genesis" is for orchestra with piano and celesta. "Ghost opera" is for string quartet and pipa, with water, stones, paper and metal. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O uso de ferramentas matemáticas, estatísticas e computacionais para estudar o comportamento de sistemas biológicos se faz cada vez mais presente. Este interesse é devido à complexidade apresentada pelas populações, que sofrem influências externas, relativas à interação com o ambiente e influências internas, conseqüências dos interesses conflitantes entre os indivíduos do ecossistema. A nossa proposta é de modelar computacionalmente alguns fenômenos biológicos observados em populações reais, para tentar entender melhor o que está acontecendo e analisar os prováveis efeitos de fatores externos, como os avanços na área de saúde, mudanças no clima ou invasão de nichos por outras espécies. Mostraremos neste trabalho modelos distintos, destacando entre as ferramentas computacionais aplicadas os algoritmos genéticos, que combinam a sobrevivência dos organismos mais adaptados com pequenas mudanças aleatórias nas suas estruturas, e os autômatos celulares, que permitem o estudo da distribuição espacial da população e utilizam regras simples de evolução. Apresentaremos também, uma solução analítica aproximada para um dos problemas estudados. Nos dois primeiros capítulos utilizaremos o modelo Penna para a dinâmica de populações que apresentam estrutura etária, portanto ideal para estudar o envelhecimento de populações, adaptando o modelo à situação a ser estudada. Nos capítulos seguintes iremos propor dois novos modelos para a colonização de substrato por animais marinhos sésseis, onde larvas trazidas de populações distantes competem pela colonização de superfícies submersas, onde se manterão fixos durante toda a vida. / The usefulness of mathematical, statistical and computational tools to study the behavior of biological systems has been affirmed on many opportunities. This interest is mostly due to the complexity presented by the populations that can suffer external influences,for example, due to the interaction with the environment, and internal influences due to the conflicting interests of the individuals of the ecosystem. Our proposal is modelling in a computer, biological phenomena observed in real populations, in order to understand and to analyze the effects of external factors, such as changes on health care and Medicine, changes in the climate or invasion of niches from intruder species. We will work with different models and computational tools such as genetic algorithms, that combine the survival of the fitter organisms with small random changes in its structures; and cellular automata, that allow the study of the space distribution of the population from simple rules for the dynamical evolution. In addition, we also present an analytic solution for one of the studied situations. In the first two chapters we use the so-called Penna model, appropriate to study the aging of populations, for being age structured, by modifying the model according to the situation we will be studying. In the following chapters we propose two new models for the substratum colonization for sessile marine animals, where larvae brought from distant populations compete for the colonization of submerged surfaces, where they will keep fixed during their lifetime.

Unreliable communication channels are a practical reality. They add to the complexity of protocol design and verification. In this work, we consider noisy channels which can corrupt messages. We present an approach to model and verify protocols which combine error detection and error control to provide reliable communication over noisy channels. We call these protocols retransmission protocols as they achieve reliable communication through repeated retransmissions of messages. These protocols typically use cyclic redundancy checks and sliding window protocols for error detection and control respectively. We propose models of these protocols as regular transducers operating on bit strings. Deterministic streaming string transducers provide a natural way of modeling these protocols and formalizing correctness requirements. The verification problem is posed as functional equivalence between the protocol transducer and the specification transducer. Functional equivalence checking is decidable for this class of transducers and this makes the transducer models amenable to algorithmic verification. In our transducer models, message lengths and retransmission rounds are unbounded. We present case studies based on TinyOS serial communication and the HDLC retransmission protocol. We further extend our protocol models to capture the effects of a noisy channel with non-determinism. We present two non-deterministic yet decidable extensions of transducer models of retransmission protocols. For one of our models, we achieve decidable verification by bounding the retransmission rounds, whereas for the other, even retransmission rounds are unbounded.

In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten rückte das häufige Auftreten von multiplen Polylogarithmen und multiplen Zeta-Werten, in Feynman-Diagramm Rechnungen niedriger Ordnung, verstärkt in den wissenschaftlichen Fokus. Hierbei offenbarte sich eine Verbindung zu den mathematischen Theorien der Perioden und der iterierten Integrale von Chen. Eine ähnliche Allgegenwärtigkeit von multiplen Zeta-Werten wurde jüngst auch in der α'-Entwicklung von Genus-Null Stringtheorie Amplituden beobachtet. Davon inspiriert befasst sich diese Arbeit mit der Systematik der iterierten Integralen in den Streuamplituden der offenen Stringtheorie. Unser Fokus liegt insbesondere auf der Genus-Eins Amplitude, welche sich vollständig durch iterierte Integrale, die bezüglich einer punktierten elliptischen Kurve definiert sind, ausdrücken lässt. Wir führen den Begriff der getwisteten elliptischen multiplen Zeta-Werte ein. Dieser Begriff beschreibt eine Klasse von iterierten Integralen, die auf einer elliptischen Kurve definiert sind, bei welcher ein rationales Gitter entfernt wurde. Anschließend zeigen wir, dass die Entwicklung eines jeden getwisteten elliptischen multiplen Zeta-Wertes, bezüglich des modularen Parameters τ, durch ein Anfangswertproblem beschrieben wird. Weiterhin präsentieren wir ein Argument dafür, dass sich im Limes τ→i∞ jeder getwistete elliptische multiple Zeta-Wert durch zyklotomische multiple Zeta-Werte ausdrücken lässt. Schließlich beschreiben wir wie sich Genus-Eins Amplituden in offener Stringtheorie mithilfe von getwisteten elliptischen multiplen Zeta-Werten ausdrücken lassen und illustrieren dies für die Vier-Punkt Amplitude. Hierbei zeigt es sich, dass bis zu dritter Ordnung in α' alle Beiträge durch die Unterklasse der elliptischen multiplen Zeta-Werte ausgedrückt werden können, was wiederum äquivalent zu der Abwesenheit unphysikalischer Pole in Gliozzi-Scherk-Olive projizierter Superstringtheorie ist. / Over the last few decades the prevalence of multiple polylogarithms and multiple zeta values in low order Feynman diagram computations of quantum field theory has received increased attention, revealing a link to the mathematical theories of Chen’s iterated integrals and periods. More recently, a similar ubiquity of multiple zeta values was observed in the α'-expansion of genus-zero string theory amplitudes. Inspired by these developments, this work is concerned with the systematic appearance of iterated integrals in scattering amplitudes of open superstring theory. In particular, the focus will be on studying the genus-one amplitude, which requires the notion of iterated integrals defined on punctured elliptic curves. We introduce the notion of twisted elliptic multiple zeta values that are defined as a class of iterated integrals naturally associated to an elliptic curve with a rational lattice removed. Subsequently, we establish an initial value problem that determines the expansions of twisted elliptic multiple zeta values in terms of the modular parameter τ of the elliptic curve. Any twisted elliptic multiple zeta value degenerates to cyclotomic multiple zeta values at the cusp τ → i∞, with the corresponding limit serving as the initial condition of the initial value problem. Finally, we describe how to express genus-one open-string amplitudes in terms of twisted elliptic multiple zeta values and study the four-point genus-one open-string amplitude as an example. For this example we find that up to third order in α' all possible contributions in fact belong to the subclass formed by elliptic multiple zeta values, which is equivalent to the absence of unphysical poles in Gliozzi-Scherk-Olive projected superstring theory.